Chemical Constituents of Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium citrinum W17 and Their Ferroptosis Inhibitory Activity

Two new polyketides ( 1–2 ) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum W17, along with 39 known compounds ( 3 - 41 ). The structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS data analysis. Compounds 10 , 35 , and 36 displayed potent inhibitory effects against RSL3-induced ferroptosis with EC 50 values of 2.7 µM, 4.9 µM, and 5.4 µM, respectively. Graphical From the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum W17, two new polyketides and 39 known compounds were isolated. Three compounds of 2,3,4-trimethyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran ( 10 ), penicitrinone A ( 35 ), and penicitrinol B ( 36 ) significantly inhibit RSL3-induced ferroptosis with EC 50 values of 2.7 µM, 4.9 µM, and 5.4 µM, highlighting deep-sea fungi as promising sources of anti-ferroptosis agents.