The effect of high-valence and ion-sintering aid synergistic regulation strategy on PYN-PHT piezoelectric ceramics

Lead-based ceramics have been extensively studied because of their superior electrical properties and thermal stability. However, a major challenge for PYN-PHT-based ceramics is their high sintering temperature, which typically exceeds 1200 °C. At such elevated temperatures, severe lead volatilization occurs, resulting in deviations from the ideal stoichiometric ratio and subsequent degradation of electrical performance. To address this issue, sintering aids were introduced, effectively reducing the sintering temperature from 1175 °C to 1075 °C. This approach not only significantly suppressed lead volatilization but also promoted ceramic densification, demonstrating high effectiveness. Specifically, the as-prepared PYN-PHT-0.8(Cu 2+ +Sb 5+ ) ceramics exhibited a high piezoelectric coefficient of up to 610 pC/N, whereas previous processes required temperatures close to 1200 °C. Furthermore, the prepared ceramics showed enhanced stability at high-temperatures. Overall, these findings provide a practical strategy for improving the durability, efficiency, and reliability of piezoelectric components operating under harsh service conditions.