Electrospun composite nanofibers of Sanghuangporus sanghuang polysaccharide and polyvinylpyrrolidone for assisting melanoma treatment

Melanoma represents a highly aggressive malignancy with strong metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Due to the limitations of current therapies, developing more effective anticancer strategies remains urgent. Sanghuangporus sanghuang polysaccharides (SSP) exhibit antitumor activity; however, low yield and delivery efficiency hinder clinical application. This study aims to obtain high SSP yield through process optimization and to preliminarily evaluate its anti-melanoma potential by developing a nanofiber-based delivery system. Aqueous extraction was first optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, followed by high-temperature extraction. The optimal high-temperature condition was 170 °C, yielding the highest polysaccharide yield (13.75 ± 0.09%) and purity (95.18 ± 0.22%). Monosaccharide analysis showed that high-temperature extraction appeared to increase the proportion of glucose. Subsequently, SSP extracted at different temperatures was electrospun with polyvinylpyrrolidone to produce composite nanofibers. The fibers exhibit favorable morphology, enhanced mechanical strength, and tunable in vitro release. Biological evaluations showed that the fiber membranes were biocompatible toward HUVECs, while inhibiting B16-F10 melanoma cell proliferation and migration. This work provides a high-efficiency extraction protocol and a preliminary nanofiber-based delivery system for assisting melanoma treatment.