Eco-friendly and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Rice Straw for Sensing and Self-Powered Applications in Harsh Environment

Rice is a major staple crop worldwide, and the management of its abundant straw is crucial. In this work, methyl cellulose (MC) as a film-forming agent and rice straw (RS) are used to prepare composite film (MRS) for constructing a high-output flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (MRS-TENG). The MRS-TENG achieves an open-circuit voltage (V OC ) of 272 V, representing a 2.06 times higher voltage than that of RS-TENG. The MRS-TENG successfully monitored human motion and powered 117 LEDs as a self-powered source. The MRS film shows eco-friendly characteristics, releasing primarily CO 2 and H 2 O during combustion without harmful emissions. The variable temperature infrared spectroscopy showed that the MRS structure was stable from − 30 to 150 °C. The V OC of MRS-TENG can still show good stability across a wide temperature range (10–90 °C) and high humidity (50–90% RH). MRS-TENG has excellent flexibility and environmental adaptability, providing a high-value-added application field for renewable straw resources. Graphical