High-Performance Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride/MXene Single-Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Smart Wearables Under Solar Thermal Conditions

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, self-powered devices have overcome the limitations of traditional power sources and attracted widespread attention in recent years. We employed a scalable electrospinning fabrication technique to construct an all-fiber polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/MXene triboelectric nanogenerator. MXene flakes, a highly electronegative conductive material, were incorporated into PVDF nanofibers as the triboelectric negative material. The study innovatively investigated the photothermal properties of the PVDF/MXene nanofiber membrane (PVM), along with its stability and output performance under photothermal conditions. The assembled single-electrode all-fiber triboelectric nanogenerator exhibited excellent durability, stability, and electrical output performance. Under simulated solar irradiation, the membrane surface temperature reached 64.5 °C. After 24 h of continuous solar irradiation, the device retained an output voltage of 6.45 V under a 1 Hz friction frequency. This device can function as a self-powered sensor integrated with machine learning to monitor human motion, offering broad application prospects in healthcare smart wearable products.