Fully Integrated Iontronic Pressure Sensor With Broad Range and Temperature Compensation for Deep-Sea Monitoring

Flexible pressure sensors offer unique advantages for deep-sea exploration, yet balancing sensitivity, range, and environmental robustness—especially under extreme hydrostatic pressure and temperature gradients that induce signal drift—remains challenging. Here, we report a fully integrated iontronic pressure sensor for ocean exploration. Through co-design of a gradient-microstructured ionogel with a linear-elastic polyurethane spacer, the sensor achieves an unprecedented broad linear sensing range of 0–10 MPa, sensitivity of 98.4 kPa −1 , and exceptional linearity ( R 2 = 0.996). Notably, the sensor retains repeatability and signal stability under hydrostatic loading up to 55 MPa. Field deployments on a remotely operated vehicle and a manned submersible at depths of ∼1353 and ∼2359 m confirmed stable performance in the bathyal zone. An ultra-low-power embedded system (quiescent current: 4 µA) integrated with a thermal compensation algorithm enables autonomous data acquisition, suppressed temperature-induced drift, and correction accuracy exceeding 95%. This integrated iontronic platform addresses unmet needs for next-generation deep-sea monitoring and enables reliable in situ oceanographic sensing.