Engineering a Reversible Primary Battery Structure in SrZnOS:Eu2+,Dy3+ for Multi-Modal Red Luminescence

Rational design of Eu 2+ -activated red phosphors under visible light excitation remains a critical challenge in various fields such as photonics, optoelectronics, and white-light-emitting diodes. Herein, we engineer high density traps with a double metastable state in the SrZnOS matrix by constructing the reversible infinitesimal photoelectrochemical layered micro-unit battery structure via co-doping Eu 2+ and Dy 3+ ions for achieving robust red luminescence. The resulting SrZnOS:Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ phosphor exhibits intense red photoluminescence at 620 nm under 468 nm excitation, matching the emission intensity of commercial SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ under UV irradiation. Notably, this material exhibits multi-modal luminescence, encompassing red persistent luminescence along with tunable photo/thermo/mechano-stimulated luminescence. These properties make SrZnOS:Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ highly promising for applications in secure information storage and advanced displays. Our work establishes a design principle for manipulating multi-mode luminescence in oxide hosts through photoelectrochemical cell engineering, opening avenues for next-generation functional materials.