Enhanced high-rate capability of LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cathodes by homogeneous Sr2+ doping

To suppress capacity degradation of Ni-rich LiNi 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 (NCM) cathodes with radially oriented primary grains, a strategy for homogeneous Sr 2+ doping was developed by controlling the Sr 2+ diffusion path from the surface into the bulk. Introducing SrO during sintering enabled Sr 2+ to penetrate along the radially aligned primary grains, achieving uniform distribution throughout the material. The NCM-Sr cathode with 0.7% Sr 2+ exhibited superior rate performance, delivering specific capacities of 182.5, 172.3, and 165.7 mAh g −1 at 1C, 5C, and 10C, respectively, compared with 167.3, 148.1, and 143.2 mAh g −1 for the undoped sample. Uniform Sr 2+ incorporation, facilitated by radial grain alignment, effectively mitigates localized strain accumulation during cycling, enhancing structural stability. For the first time, NCM cathodes were analyzed using deep learning in conjunction with detailed morphological information; the analysis confirmed that controlled particle orientation and uniform small primary particles significantly improve electrochemical performance. These Sr-doped cathodes demonstrate extended cycle life, stable voltage profiles, and excellent high-rate capabilities, highlighting an effective strategy for advancing Ni-rich ternary cathode materials in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.