ZnO/Fe2O3 Heterostructured Nanocomposites for Enhanced Carbon Disulfide Gas Sensing

Carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), a highly toxic volatile sulfur-containing industrial gas, poses serious risks to industrial safety, occupational health, and the environment, creating an urgent demand for highly sensitive and reliable detection. In this work, hierarchical ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 nanomaterials were synthesized via the pyrolysis of a nanosized ZIF-8 precursor for CS 2 detection. The optimized nanoheterostructures exhibited superior CS 2 -sensing performance compared with their single-component counterparts, benefiting from efficient interfacial charge modulation within the n – n nanoheterojunctions and abundant active sites provided by the hierarchical nanoarchitecture. The optimized ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 sensor enabled highly sensitive CS 2 detection with a theoretical LOD of 0.66 ppm. To suppress humidity-induced signal fluctuations, a CSA-optimized CatBoost model was developed for humidity compensation and achieved the highest prediction accuracy among the multiple metaheuristic optimization strategies. This work provides an effective strategy for the rational design of hierarchical nanoheterostructures with enhanced gas-sensing performance and demonstrates an intelligent humidity compensation approach for reliable CS 2 detection under practical operating conditions.