Heterointerface engineering of multicomponent reduced graphene oxide aerogels for radar-infrared compatible stealth

The FGAC aerogel achieve a compressive strength of 133.65 kPa at 90% strain under a density of 9.84 mg cm −3 • The aerogel also demonstrates outstanding thermal insulation performance with a low thermal conductivity of 25.9 mW m −1  K −1 . • FGAC aerogel has a low RL min of −57.39 dB at 3.9 mm and an EAB of 7.40 GHz. • The FGAC aerogel is compressible and resilient even in liquid nitrogen and under flame conditions. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and its derived composite aerogels have attracted considerable attention in the field of electromagnetic protection. Nevertheless, the integration of multiple functionalities into a single aerogel system remains a substantial challenge. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) porous ANFs/rGO/AgNWs/Co@NC aerogel was fabricated via bidirectional freeze-casting followed by thermal reduction. Benefiting from the synergistic interplay of a 3D supporting network, magnetic and conductive components, heterogeneous interfaces, and multiple loss mechanisms, the resulting aerogel exhibits excellent compressive resilience, achieving a compressive strength of 133.65 kPa at 90% strain under a density of 9.84 mg cm −3 , alongside a thermal conductivity as low as 25.9 mW m −1  K −1 . Moreover, it demonstrates outstanding electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation, delivering a deeper minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −57.59 dB at 3.9 mm and though with a slightly narrowed effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.40 GHz. The combination of superior radar-infrared stealth capabilities, robust mechanical performance, and a wide service temperature range (from −196 to 350 °C) positions the FGAC aerogel as a highly promising candidate for diverse applications in harsh environments.