摘要
Carbon-based conductive polymer composites have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent flexibility, ultra-lightweight characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and tunable electrical performance. However, their practical applications are severely restricted by inherent limitations, such as the inability to achieve sustainable high temperatures under low driving voltages, inadequate thermal stability at high temperatures, and uneven heat distribution. To overcome these intractable issues, we designed a series of glass powder/carbon black@polyimide (GP/SP@PI) composite electrothermal films by a practical and scalable slurry coating method. In this regard, the incorporation of low-melting-point glass powders not only significantly increases the maximum operating temperature over 200°C, but also substantially enhances the thermal stability and flame retardancy. Upon ignition, the GP/SP@PI composite electrothermal films self-extinguish within 4 s without sustained combustion or droplet formation. Moreover, as a thin-film electric heater, the optimized sample (PI-65) exhibits rapid temperature response, efficient electrothermal conversion, and excellent heating reliability. By virtue of these advantages in terms of low-voltage operability, high-temperature stability, and inherent safety, these GP/SP@PI composite electrothermal films are employed as a thin-film electric heater to boil water for a simplified practical application. Notably, the PI-65 sample successfully heats 10 ml water from room temperature to 99.6°C within 4 min, confirming the high feasibility of application in household appliances. This work provides innovative insights into the rational design of carbon-based composite electrothermal films with high operating temperature as well as superior reliability for integrated thin-film electric heaters. Moreover, the method is simple and can be adopted in industrial applications. Graphical
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