Ternary-synergistic heterostructured Nb2C@FeS2@CTAB anode with enhanced lithium kinetics and stability

Generalizable anode via interfacial kinetics: MXene scaffold + conversion chalcogenide + surfactant-guided control. • Nb 2 C: 2D percolation network and stress buffer; FeS 2 : high capacity; CTAB: nanospheronization, uniform anchoring, C–S–C linkages. • In situ hydrothermal + electrostatic guidance: Nb 2 C@FeS 2 @CTAB heterostructure with expanded interlayers and uniform current. Nb 2 C@FeS 2 @CTAB heterostructured composite anode was fabricated via a dual-phase modification strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. The constructed heterointerface markedly shortens Li + migration pathways within the active phase and reduces the energetic barriers (0.36 eV) for ion migration and diffusion, thereby improving high-rate capability and energy storage performance. Experiments demonstrate that the Nb 2 C@FeS 2 @CTAB composite delivers excellent rate characteristics and high capacity, achieving a discharge specific capacity of 1296 mAh g −1 and stable operation for 100 cycles. Moreover, at a high current density of 5 A g −1 , it maintains a discharge specific capacity of 219 mAh g −1 with robust cycling stability over 2000 cycles. These findings offer a new design paradigm for FeS 2 -based anodes and underscore the potential of Nb 2 C@FeS 2 @CTAB heterostructures for high-performance battery applications.