Post-poling-free P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO composite nanofiber sensors with high β-phase content via in-situ electric field orientation for immersive human-machine interaction

Post-poling-free P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO nanofiber sensors prepared by electrospinning. • A β-phase content of 82.86% was achieved through in-situ electric field orientation and interfacial polarization. • Sensor shows 530.6 mV·kPa −1 sensitivity (0.33–3.33 kPa), 21 ms response time, and excellent durability. • A complete "material–device–circuit–virtual feedback" closed-loop interactive system was constructed. With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the paradigm of human-machine interaction is shifting toward immersive and multidimensional experiences. In this study, a post-poling-free P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO (PVTB) composite nanofiber sensor with high electroactivity was fabricated by leveraging the synergy between charge trapping and interfacial polarization at the BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) interface, combined with in-situ electric-field orientation during electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers exhibit a mean diameter of 469.8 ± 168.2 nm, and the PVTB membrane achieves a high β-phase content of 82.86%. The PVTB sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 530.6 mV·kPa −1 within the low-pressure range of 0.33–3.33 kPa and 18.2 mV·kPa −1 within the pressure range of 3.33–83.33 kPa, with a minimum detectable force of 0.2 N, a response time of 21 ms, and 88.1% voltage retention after 10000 loading cycles. The PVTB sensor enables effective monitoring of ultra-weak muscle tremor signals, while finger tapping produces an output voltage of approximately 0.4 V. A four-channel “material-device-circuit-virtual feedback” closed-loop interactive system was constructed, demonstrating the potential of flexible piezoelectric sensors in immersive human-machine interaction and providing a precise digital approach for movement disorder rehabilitation. Download: Download high-res image (184KB) Download: Download full-size image