N-doped carbon nanofiber modified MoS₂ for high-performance thermal batteries

CNFs@MoS₂ heterostructure is fabricated via an electrospinning-hydrothermal route. • Interfacial C–Mo/C–S bonds enhance conductivity and thermal shock stability of MoS₂. • CNFs@MoS₂ delivers 451.4 mAh g −1 up to 1000 mA cm −2 with reduced internal resistance. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a promising high-capacity cathode candidate for thermal batteries, yet its practical application is restricted by low intrinsic electronic conductivity and poor structural stability under severe thermal shock. Herein, a chemically-bonded heterostructure of MoS₂ nanosheets anchored on N-doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs@MoS₂) is fabricated by electrospinning combined with hydrothermal treatment, where interfacial C Mo and C S bonds are generated between MoS₂ and N-doped carbon nanofibers. The interconnected conductive network accelerates ion/electron transport and offers mechanical support, whereas the formed interfacial bonds enhance structural stability of the composite under thermal-shock conditions. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the obtained CNFs@MoS₂ delivers a high specific capacity of 451.4 mAh g −1 under stepwise-increased current density up to 1000 mA cm −2 , with distinctly reduced internal resistance compared with MoS₂. This work offers a feasible interfacial-engineering strategy to develop high-performance cathode materials for thermal batteries.