Scale-like micro-rough SiO2/MXene hierarchical nanofiber membranes based on coordination-driven molecular bridging for highly stable pressure sensing

Flexible pressure sensors based on polymer substrates integrated with conductive nanomaterials have been extensively investigated. However, the inevitable thermal degradation of polymer substrates and the difficulty in achieving robust loading of conductive materials remain critical bottlenecks. In this study, we successfully developed a high-performance flexible SiO 2 /MXene composite pressure sensor via a coordination-driven synergistic assembly strategy, combining electrospinning with surface amino-functionalization. This strategy utilizes robust N-Ti coordination bonds formed between the grafted amino groups on the SiO 2 fiber surfaces and the titanium atoms of MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) to drive the firm attachment of conductive nanosheets onto the inorganic skeleton. This design not only fundamentally overcomes the thermal vulnerability of conventional substrates but also eliminates the persistent challenges of MXene detachment and restacking, ultimately constructing a composite nanofiber network featuring a unique scale-like micro-rough surface. Benefiting from the robust three-dimensional (3D) elastic network and the micro-rough surface architecture of the fibers, the sensor exhibits a wide sensing range (0.025-180 kPa), high sensitivity (11.547 kPa −1 , 0-1 kPa), and excellent cyclic stability. Furthermore, the sensor can monitor subtle physiological signals and large-scale limb movements in real time while also maintaining pressure-sensing capabilities in environments up to 250 °C, fully demonstrating its immense potential for advanced wearable health monitoring systems under complex and extreme conditions.