Construction and Evaluation of P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofiber-Clustered Surfaces

HighlightsTemplate molding created nanofiber-clustered structures on P(VDF-TrFE) films.Poled films exhibited enhanced piezoelectric response and surface potential.Poled films promoted BMSC adhesion, proliferation, and ALP activity.Topographical and electrical changes were linked to cell–material interactions.Surface morphology and electrical characteristics are key factors affecting cell–material interactions on electroactive polymer films, but their coupled effects remain unclear. In this study, P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber-clustered films were fabricated using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted molding method, and their surface electrical properties were subsequently tailored by corona poling. The nanofibrous structure was formed without substantially disrupting the characteristic polar β phase. Compared with the planar film, the water contact angle (WCA) of the nanofiber-clustered film increased from 74.8° to 132.5°, indicating markedly enhanced hydrophobicity. Furthermore, corona poling increased the magnitude of the piezoelectric coefficient (|d33|) and altered the surface potential state. Protein adsorption and cell studies further showed that polarized nanofiber-clustered surfaces exhibited greater protein adsorption, more extensive cell spreading, and higher CCK-8 signals and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. These results indicate that the biological interfacial response of P(VDF-TrFE) films is regulated by surface morphology, wettability, and polarization-induced electrical characteristics. This work provides insight into the combined roles of nanofiber-clustered topography and electrical characteristics in regulating cell-material interactions on P(VDF-TrFE) surfaces.