Biomimetic membrane design with ridge-netted dual-scale nanofiber-nanowire networks for high-performance acoustic vents

Under extremely sub-zero conditions, intelligent acoustic devices suffer from poor reliability due to ice accretion that obstructs acoustic pathways, while most existing fibrous protective membranes still face trade-offs between anti-icing robustness and acoustic transparency. Herein, inspired by the hierarchical architecture of Papilio paris wings, we present an eco-friendly electro-ridge-netting strategy that enables facile fabrication of biomimetic dual-scale nanofiber-nanowire network (Bio-net) acoustic membranes through coupled electrohydrodynamic jet evolution and phase separation. This strategy creates ridge-like scaffold nanofibers seamlessly integrated with two-dimensional (2D) Voronoi nanonetworks composed of deep-subwavelength nanowires (∼14 nm), yielding fluorine-free superhydrophobic membranes with nanoscale pores (∼336 nm) for efficient water resistance. The Bio-net membranes exhibit prolonged icing delay of 593.2 s and low ice adhesion strength of 15.3 kPa, effectively suppressing ice accretion under extreme cold conditions. Simultaneously, their breathable porous architecture and ultra-low airflow resistivity minimize acoustic impedance mismatch, yielding exceptional acoustic transparency with transmission loss below 1.78 dB across 63–6300 Hz. When deployed in acoustic electronic systems, the membranes provide durable, high-fidelity acoustic protection at −20 °C. This study reconciles anti-icing robustness with broadband acoustic transparency, establishing a bioinspired design paradigm for next-generation fibrous acoustic protective membranes in extreme environments.