Multifunctional emulsion-electrospun PCL-PVA/SA@nano CB:Que nanofiber membrane for infected wound healing

Emulsion electrospinning co-delivered nano cuttlebone and quercetin in fibers. • Nano cuttlebone enabled rapid hemostasis and > 96% antibacterial activity. • Nanofiber membrane afforded antioxidant activity and promoted hemostasis. • The membrane suppressed biofilms and coordinated staged infected-wound repair. Persistent bleeding, bacterial colonization, oxidative stress, and prolonged inflammation are major barriers to the repair of infected wounds. An ideal dressing should rapidly control bleeding and bacterial contamination, while regulating oxidative and inflammatory microenvironments to support tissue regeneration. Herein, a multifunctional PCL-PVA/SA@nano CB composite nanofiber membrane was developed by emulsion electrospinning for infected-wound therapy. In this system, polycaprolactone (PCL) provided structural stability, while the hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) phase improves wettability, water absorption, breathability, and bioactive-agent delivery. Nano Cuttlebone acted as a calcium-rich component for rapid hemostasis and antibacterial activity, whereas quercetin contributes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. In vitro , the optimized membrane achieved antibacterial efficiencies of 96.72% against S. aureus and 96.58% against E. coli , inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation, scavenged DPPH radicals, and promoted L929 fibroblast proliferation and migration. In vivo , the membrane accelerated hemostasis in a mouse liver bleeding model and promoted S. aureus -infected full-thickness wound healing, reaching 98.9% closure on day 14. The nanofiber membrane also reduced bacterial burden, regulated macrophage polarization, suppressed CD86/TNF-α, enhanced CD206/IL-10, and promoted collagen deposition and re-epithelialization. This study provides a promising multifunctional electrospun dressing for complex infected wounds.