摘要
Pervaporation (PV) demonstrates immense potential in seawater desalination due to its high salt rejection rate and energy efficiency, even for high-salinity desalination. Graphene oxide (GO) membranes are regarded as a highly promising class of membranes for pervaporation, but currently hindered by their tendency to swell in aqueous environments and the high vacuum degrees typically required, which compromise stability and increase energy consumption. In this study, a composite membrane fabrication strategy was developed by crosslinking GO with thiourea (TU) and modifying it with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ). The TU cross-linking is designed to rigidify the laminar structure and restrict swelling under high-salinity conditions, while the porous g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets serve as spacers to potentially introduce favorable water transport pathways, thereby reducing transport tortuosity and lowering the apparent critical vacuum degree and energy consumption for salt-water treatment. Under optimal operating conditions (temperature: 70 °C, flow rate: 75 mL min −1 , vacuum: 96 kPa), the GO–TU–g-C 3 N 4 membrane achieved a water flux of 49.18 L m −2 h −1 and an ion rejection rate of 99.95% for 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Even under high-salinity conditions, it exhibits superior performance in terms of quantitative metrics. Under 20 wt% salinity, the GO–TU–g-C 3 N 4 membrane achieved a water flux of 25.04 L m −2 h −1 and an ion rejection rate of 99.97%. The developed GO-TU-g-C 3 N 4 membrane demonstrates superior pervaporation performance, showing competitive water flux and ion rejection compared with representative state-of-the-art membranes reported in the literature. This work offers a robust and energy-efficient approach for low-vacuum pervaporation desalination of both seawater and highly concentrated brines. Download: Download high-res image (303KB) Download: Download full-size image
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