Multifunctional and flexible Sn-embedded SiTiOC ceramic fiber felts with tailored electronic interfaces for integrated multi-spectrum stealth and hydrophobicity

Development of flexible materials integrating broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, infrared stealth, and hydrophobicity is required for complex environments. In this work, flexible SiTiOC ceramic fiber felts embedded with Sn nanoparticles were fabricated via electrospinning followed by in-situ carbothermal reduction. The metallic Sn promotes carbon graphitization, forming a three-dimensional conductive network and establishing heterogeneous interfaces within the SiTiOC matrix. First-principles calculations indicate that the work function gradient ( Φ Sn < Φ C ) drives electron migration at the Sn/C interface, inducing interfacial polarization, while turbostratic carbon in the SiTiOC phase provides defect dipole polarization. The fiber felt exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.3 GHz at a thickness of 3.75 mm. The material integrates radar-infrared compatible stealth through low thermal conductivity and low emissivity, with a water contact angle exceeding 138°. These results provide an interface engineering strategy for multifunctional stealth materials in complex environments.