ChemistrySelect
·
2024
·Vol. 9
·期 43
·e202403318
·
IF 1.9
Xinyue Zhang,Qiurong Chen,Yan Luo
Graphical In order to improve the stability and controlled release properties, NaClO 2 is microencapsulated based on emulsion crosslinking method adopting high biocompatibility sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) as shell material. The resulted sample is featured with selectivity and no secondary pollution, and brings about continuous degrading both liquid and gaseous formaldehyde. Sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ) is a new type of air disinfectant, which can oxidize formaldehyde into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on account of releasing chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) gas under acidic condition. Unfortunately, NaClO 2 is prone to moisture absorption and decomposition when exposed to air. In this paper, NaClO 2 was microencapsulated based on emulsion crosslinking method for improving its stability and controlled release properties. Due to their high biocompatibility, sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) were selected as the wall material to prepare NaClO 2 -SA/CMC-Na composite microcapsules. The results showed that mean particle size of NaClO 2 -SA/CMC-Na composite microcapsules was about 225 nm, and their encapsulation ratio was up to 73.18%. In addition, the thermal stability and environmental tolerance of NaClO 2 are improved greatly through microencapsulating. It was proved by formaldehyde degradation testing that the efficiency of formaldehyde degradation using resulted samples can continue to increase after seven days in pH 6.5 environment, indicating their good controlled-release performance. Moreover, degradation efficiency on 30 µg/mL formaldehyde solution using the resulted microcapsules is up to 97.08%. Meanwhile, after 20 repetition degradation, NaClO 2 -SA/CMC-Na composite microcapsules can still continuously degrade formaldehyde gas. Therefore, NaClO 2 -SA/CMC-Na composite microcapsules reveal good stability and prolonged action on formaldehyde degradation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 14
·e55196
·
IF 2.7
Jin Wang,Xiaoyue Shen,Mengwei Jiang,Fang Zhou,Yupeng Zhang
Diatomite (DIA) particles are commonly employed as flame-retardant additives for polymers, yet their intrinsic inefficiency requires substantial quantities for optimal efficacy. To address this issue, we proposed a novel approach involving the microencapsulation of DIA with polyethylene glycol phosphate (PEGP) to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). Characterization of the prepared DIA@PEGP utilized scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The resulting EP composite, DIA@PEGP-4/EP, achieved a limiting oxygen index of 33.2% and achieved a V-0 level in vertical combustion tests. Compared to EP, DIA@PEGP-4/EP demonstrated significantly improved fire performance, with 38.6%, 47.8%, 25.0%, 41.3%, and 60.4% reduction in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production, and CO yield. Furthermore, the highest FPI value of 0.080 m 2 ·s/kW for DIA@PEGP-1/EP and the lowest FGI value of 8.734 kW/m 2 ·s for DIA@PEGP-4/EP, indicate that the incorporation of DIA@PEGP into EP enhances its fire safety. The flame retardancy mechanism of DIA@PEGP-4 involves the formation of a phosphorus-containing aromatic carbon layer during EP char formation, capturing radicals in the gas phase during combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
火灾安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Xin-Yu Wang,Sai Wang,Jun-Feng Su,Rong-Yue Shao,Qin-Yu Xing
The design of anti-icing structures is challenging for epoxy coatings, which are widely used in aircraft, wind power generation equipment, and outdoor buildings. Inspired by the principle that bird feathers are not easily frozen, a smart biomimetic anti-icing epoxy coating based on controlled-secreting hydrophobic small molecules in microcapsules was designed in this work. The remarkable feature of these microcapsules is that they can secreting small molecule oil at low temperature, but the release rate is very low at room temperature controlled by restriction of gel in the microcapsules' shell. Optical and SEM morphology showed that microcapsules were globe-shaped particles with compacted shells. FT-IR results indicated that the core material of glycerol trioctanoate was well protected by the shell skeleton of cross-linked methylated melamine-formaldehyde (HMMM) resin. Gelatin was filled in the microporous structure of the shell skeleton structure. AFM results showed that the gel material shrank at low temperatures, producing tiny holes in the shell material. The temperature sensitivity of gelatin was the valve for core release. The controlled-secreting property of microcapsules under various temperatures was measured using high-oil absorbent paper. Pore microstructure appeared on the shell of microcapsules after an alcohol delusion of the gel process. It was found that the secreting rate of the core material from the microcapsule was faster at low temperatures (-10∼ 20 °C) because of the shrinkage of gel material in the skeleton structure. SEM results also indicated that the microcapsules were dispersed homogeneously in the epoxy coating without any accumulation phenomenon. Moreover, the interface between microcapsules and epoxy resin was stable, and no interface separation debonding appeared even under the temperature of −20–40 °C. Surface hydrophobicity tests indicated that the epoxy coating with 3.0 wt% microcapsules had the largest water contact angle of 95°. The core material-secreting traces were observed, which confirmed that the hydrophobic small molecules migrated to the surface of the epoxy coating. Ice shear force values proved that more additive microcapsules provided more hydrophobic small molecules' secreting capacity to the coating's surface under a low temperature of −15 °C. This anti-icing function was sustainable and stable under violent temperature-change cycling, ensuring the coating material had a longer anti-icing service life.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物仿生学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2024
·
IF 3
Chen Qingyi,Qu Meijie,Li Shuhui,Wang Hai,Tang Ping,Ma Yue,Zhang Rui,Wang Hongru,Bin Yuezhen
With the rapid growth of resource depletion, heat storage materials play a vital role in sustainable development. However, as a kind of heat storage material, phase change material (PCM) leaks easily when used, so anti-leak measures are crucial. In this study, microencapsulation phase change materials (MPCMs) were prepared by emulsifying first and then crosslinking, in which tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as the shell coating precursor, octadecane as the core and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as the emulsifier. The grafted objects of Si–O bonds in TEOS were adjusted through different ratios of SDS/octadecane. The results showed that when the mass ratio of SDS/octadecane is 0.067, SDS is hydrolyzed to lauryl alcohol under acidic conditions and grafted with silica, and the phase transition temperature is − 20 °C. SDS gradually changed from graft to adhere with octadecane through sulfonic acid bond when the mass ratio of SDS/octadecane increased. Si–O bonds combine octadecane with sulfonic acid bonds through van der Waals forces and the indirect branches of Si–O bonds form an inorganic silica shell. When the mass ratio of SDS/octadecane is 0.15, the phase transition temperature was 23 °C and the phase transition enthalpy was 111.9 J g −1 . The obtained silica/octadecane MPCMs have small diameter, good thermal stability and the phase change enthalpy remains stable after 500 cycles, and the composite materials blended with polyvinyl alcohol also have good thermal properties. It is expected to be applied in the field of heat management textiles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ChemistrySelect
·
2024
·Vol. 9
·期 40
·e202401922
·
IF 1.9
Ting-Ting He,Ming-Xin Zhao,Yang Li,Wen-Yuan Huang,Ya-Lan Yu,Hao Wang
Graphical Monodisperse self-bursting thermo-responsive PNIPAM microcapsules has been developed using droplet microfluidic techniques and free radical polymerization. The encapsulated model drugs remain protected without any leakage until triggered by specific circumstances or needs above the VPTT. The PNIPAM microcapsules exhibit reversible and rapid responsiveness, showing significant potential as microcarriers for rapid release of liposoluble substances. A straightforward microfluidic approach has been developed to fabricate the monodisperse thermo-responsive self-bursting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microcapsules for the rapid on-demand release of liposoluble drugs. The PNIPAM microcapsules possess excellent structural integrity with a dense shell and spacious cavity, providing ample space for encapsulating liposoluble matters. The swollen hydrogel shells effectively prevent drugs leakage and contamination below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), while the shrunken hydrogel shells enable drugs to release from microcapsules above the VPTT. The microcapsules demonstrate rapid thermo-responsiveness, with drug release occurring within 4–6 minutes and subsequent swelling taking place within 2–3 minutes. The PNIPAM microcapsules exhibit a reversible and repetitive swelling/shrinking response to temperature changes. The thermo-responsive self-bursting PNIPAM microcapsules exhibit great potential as microcarriers for encapsulating, storing, and rapidly releasing liposoluble substances such as drugs, fluorescent dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and other chemical ingredients. The simple, controllable and reproducible microfluidic approach presented here provides valuable guidance for the design and fabrication of monodisperse PNIPAM microcapsules.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
药学
·
生物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2024
·
IF 10.7
Nian Xiang,Yuming Lin,Zuzeng Qin,Tongming Su,Xinling Xie,Hongbing Ji
Polysaccharides-based smart fertilizers are essential for promoting plant growth, yet significant challenges exist in achieving stable structures and synchronizing nutrient release and plant growth. This study developed a temperature-responsive gating chitosan-based microcapsule (CTSMC-g-PNIPAM) by grafting N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) onto chitosan microcapsules (CTSMC) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The interfacial crosslinking of chitosan (CTS) and terephthalendehyde (TPA) formed the CTSMC matrix with a hollow chamber structure and ensured stability. CTSMC-g-PNIPAM exhibited reversible temperature-responsive gating properties and sustained release behavior, and the PNIPAM chains acted like gating switches. Below the low critical solution temperature (LCST) (25 °C), the PNIPAM chains stretched and the gating switch closed, slowing down the release rate. Above the LCST (40 °C), the PNIPAM chains contracted and the gating switch opened, accelerating the release rate. The release behaviors of CTSMC-g-PNIPAM in soil indicated that the gating microcapsule effectively prolonged the release of urea. Moreover, the cumulative release of CTSMC-g-PNIPAM at 40 °C was significantly higher than at 25 °C. The first-order kinetic and Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicate that the urea release involves concentration gradient diffusion and skeleton dissolution. Compared with pure urea, urea@(CTSMC-g-PNIPAM) increased the growth status of maize, suggesting a promising strategy for smart fertilizers.
研究领域:
农业科学
·
材料科学
·
植物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xinyu Zhai,Chunchen Ruan,Lei Chen,Xiaotian Peng,Shuai Yin,Hao Peng
The binary alkane system (C 6 -C 7 , C 6 -C 8 ) was comprehensively explored in this study, and the best cryogenic eutectic n-alkane (70 %C 6 -30 %C 7 ) with freezing point of −115.8℃ and phase transition enthalpy of 123 J/g was designed. After comparing various non-ionic emulsifiers (Span 80, Tween 80, PVA 1788, Arabic gum, Xanthan gum) through volatilization test, Span 80 was selected as the best anti-volatilization emulsifier to synthesize MEPCMs. Different anionic and nonionic emulsifier ratios were studied and determined to be 9:1. Cryogenic MEPCMs were prepared by in-situ polymerization, and the energy storage, thermodynamic, anti-volatilization properties, anti-leakage, mechanical property and durability were characterized. The results show that the morphology of MEPCMs is complete, the core wall materials are well bonded, and the coating rate is 50.9 %. PEG was used as a cross-linking agent to modify the shell of MEPCMs. The characterization results show that PEG effectively improvs the flexibility of the wall material, and the enthalpy loss of the MEPCMs in the anti-leakage test is reduced from 66.4 J/g to 15.8 J/g. The preferred anti-volatilization emulsifier increases the durability of MEPCMs from 192 h to 240 h. After 60 phase transition cycles, the enthalpy value of the MEPCMs is almost unchanged. This study bridges the volatility defects of cryogenic phase change materials and strengthens the durability of MEPCMs in terms of both core-wall and wall materials, which provides an important basis for the utilization of cold energy in cryogenic systems such as LNG, liquid hydrogen, and liquid air.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 27.4
Rui Wang,Feng-xin Luan,Zi-shu Wang,Xiao-chi Liu,Xiu-guo Zhang,Kai Wang,Wei Mu,Feng Liu,Da-xia Zhang
Multiscale particle size functional pesticide carriers can provide more efficient protection for plants, but this protection is difficult to achieve via single-scale formulation technology. This study presents a novel one-step method for the preparation of lignin-based micro/nanocapsules with controllable proportions within a unified system. This strategy enables the adjustment of the proportion of nanocapsules to between 18.81% and 85.21%. The microcapsules (MCs) vary in diameter from 2 to 3 µm, whereas the nanocapsules (NCs) span from 160 to 220 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency exceeding 90%. An increased proportion of NCs in the system leads to faster release, heightened sensitivity to UV light, and enhanced penetration into the leaves. During Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) infection, the NCs in the leaves interact with the defensive enzymes of the plant to quickly respond. Moreover, an optimal balance of MCs and NCs is key to effective fungicide use, not just a higher concentration of NCs. A 65:35 ratio of NCs to MCs ensures effective inhibition of P. capsici outside leaves and a rapid response to leaf invasion. This study enhances fungicide efficiency and advances the development of nanoresponsive fungicides to promote sustainable agricultural practices.
研究领域:
农业科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Wanqin Gong,Jun Cheng,Dandan Pi,Chao Gao,Hantao Zou,Xueting Liu,Jincai Rao,Fushan Nie
The self-warning and thermal-induced self-healing microcapsules were fabricated by the interfacial in situ polymerization process, which consists of SiO2 as the shell material and epoxy resin, a thermal initiator, and a fluorescent agent as the core materials. The squeegee coating method was used to prepare the self-healing self-warning PVC-coated fabric. The microcapsules have a core–shell structure with an average particle size of 1.5 μm and a high sphericity with a coverage rate of 77% and excellent thermal stability below 320 °C. The PVC coating agent has good wettability with the microcapsules with a contact angle of 34.6 ± 0.9°. When cracks appear on the surface of the coated fabric containing microcapsules, the fluorescent agent and repair agent (epoxy resin and thermal initiator) will then flow out from the broken microcapsules and fill the cracks owing to the great wettability of the PVC coating agent with a contact angle of 44.2 ± 1.1°. Under UV light, the cut displays a yellow fluorescence line, indicating the location of the damage. After filling the cracks, the epoxy resin polymerizes with the thermal initiator at 120 °C. When the heating time reaches 6 h, the cuts in the fabric are healed, and the strength of the coated fabric reaches 699 N, thereby matching the original strength of 713 N before cutting.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Jingyang Yu,Ge Du,Yishun Yao,Qiuhong Liao,Tong Zhou,Heping Cui,Shahzad Hussain,Khizar Hayat,Xiaoming Zhang,Chi-Tang Ho
The feasibility of preparing microcapsules of water-soluble ingredient via complex coacervation was explored. Gelatin and gum arabic were used as wall materials to encapsulate glutathione (GSH) through water in oil (W/O) emulsion. Soy lecithin at a concentration of 3 % (w/w) was used as an emulsifier, and the aqueous phase containing 15 % GSH (w/w) was emulsified with soybean oil at a ratio of 5:5 (w/w), which resulted in a stable W/O emulsion. Furthermore, GSH microcapsules produced under optimal conditions, core/wall ratio 1:1, wall material content 1 % (gelatin: gum arabic = 1:1), stirring rate 400 r/min, added 0.25 g glutamine transaminase (TGases) per gram of gelatin, exhibited good morphology, high encapsulation efficiency and yield, which being 92.88 % and 92.10 %, respectively. After comparing the effects of four different oil emulsions on the microencapsulation of GSH, it was found that all had excellent encapsulation efficiency, indicating that no specific oil phase was required for emulsions preparation. GSH microencapsulation by complex coacervation significantly enhanced its stability, reduced the loss ratio of GSH by 23.5 % when capsules were heated at 150 °C for 2 h. Moreover, GSH microencapsulation increased its retention by 23.25 % and 43.88 % during capsules storage at 40 °C and under light exposure, respectively. In addition, GSH microcapsules effectively prevented its degradation during simulated gastrointestinal digestion induced by salivary amylase, pepsin and acidic environments, while rapidly released GSH under trypsin and alkaline environments. This study provided new insights into water-soluble ingredients microencapsulation and its efficient application in the food and nutraceutical industries.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·181
·
IF 5.1
Hongyan Li,Ying Zong,Weijia Chen,Yan Zhao,Jianan Geng,Zhongmei He,Rui Du
Deer oil (DO) is a potentially beneficial functional oil; however, its sensitivity to environmental factors (e.g., oxygen and heat), difficulty in transport, and unfavorable taste hinder practical use. In this study, DO was encapsulated through the cohesive action of soy protein isolate (SPI) and chitosan (CS). The optimal preparation conditions yielded microcapsules with DO’s highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) (85.28 ± 1.308%) at an SPI/CS mixing ratio of 6:1 and a core-to-wall ratio of 1:2 at pH 6. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to examine the microcapsules’ structure, showing intact surfaces and effective encapsulation of oil droplets through SPI/CS composite coalescence. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the electrostatic interplay between SPI and CS was verified during the merging process. At room temperature, the microcapsules resisted core oxidation by reducing gas permeation. In vitro simulated digestion results indicated the microcapsules achieved a slow and sustained release of DO in the intestinal tract. This study further expands the application scope of deer oil and promotes the development of deer oil preparations and functional foods.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Qiang Wei,Wang Sun,Zhe Zhang,Guofu Zhou,Zhen Zhang
Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising for thermal energy storage due to their high latent enthalpy and constant phase change temperature. However, organic PCMs suffer from leaking, low thermal conductivity, and flammability. Herein, high thermal conductivity, photothermal and flame-proof docosane microcapsules with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and polypyrrole (PPy) (C 22 -CMFP) were reported with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) stabilized Pickering emulsion droplets as templates through in-situ polymerization. CNCs showed outstanding C 22 Pickering emulsifying ability with the presence of NaCl and provided ideal templates for C 22 microcapsules. The obtained C 22 -CMFP microcapsules displayed high enthalpy (205.7 J/g), C 22 core ratio (86.1 %), and stability. The C 22 -CMFP microcapsules retained an outstanding enthalpy remaining ratio (98.9 %) after 100 times cooling/heating cycles and could tolerate 100 °C for 12 h without leaking due to the robust hybrid CMFP shell. PPy significantly improved the thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion efficiency of C 22 -CMFP microcapsules. The C 22 -CMFP microcapsules exhibited a high thermal conductivity of 0.683 W/(m·K). The maximum temperature of C 22 -CMFP microcapsules under light irradiation for 18 min was 60.4 °C. Moreover, C 22 -CMFP microcapsules showed superb flame-proof properties. This study provides a facile approach to fabricate high enthalpy, stable, thermal conductive, photothermal, and flame-proof PCM microcapsules for solar harvesting and thermal energy storage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）