ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2026
·Vol. 38
·期 20
·e22384
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IF 29.1
Kunfeng Liu,Rong Huang,Wanyuan Li,Jingsong Yao,Dapeng Lei,Guangdong Yang,Zhuochen Huang,Li Chen,Hao Sun,Ze Xiong,Jizhuang Wang,Jinyao Tang,Dan Li
Light-driven micro/nanorobots (LMNRs) offer on-demand propulsion governed by light direction, wavelength, and polarization, yet their architectures and navigation behaviors have been constrained by limited fabrication strategies. Here, we present a general and scalable strategy for geometry-programmable silicon LMNRs based on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This approach yields libraries of silicon microrobots with deterministically tailored 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D geometries, greatly expanding the accessible design space. Under visible and near-infrared illumination, the LMNRs exhibit efficient propulsion and precise, light-programmable trajectories, with guidance further augmented by magnetic steering. Surface functionalization with bacteriophages imparts species-selective bacterial capture, enabling targeted biointeractions. By integrating structural programmability, multimodal actuation, and bioselective interfaces in a silicon platform, this work establishes a versatile foundation for multifunctional LMNRs, paving the way for micro/nanorobotic applications in precision therapy, environmental monitoring, and micro/nano-manufacturing.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Yutian Wang,Yufei Li,Letu Siqin,Ruijian Liu,Hongmei Luan,Chengjun Zhu
Excessive back interface interdiffusion and absorber defects are the primary limitations to the performance of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. In this study, we address these limiting factors by introducing an ITO interlayer at the back interface. During the initial stage of selenization, the ITO functions as a diffusion barrier, effectively suppressing the migration of metal elements toward the Mo electrode and thereby mitigating elemental loss. In the middle and final stages of selenization, the ITO acts as a self-sacrificing layer, supplying Sn and In elements to compensate for the absorber layer. The dual-functional ITO interlayer facilitates the redistribution of elemental composition within the absorber layer. It reduces Sn-related vacancy defects through supplemental Sn supply and alleviates Sn-related substitutional defects via trace In doping. Through the optimization in this work, the defects in the absorber layer were effectively reduced. The reverse saturation current density decreased from 4.14 × 10 −7 to 2.67 × 10 −8 A/cm 2 , indicating effective suppression of carrier recombination. Finally, the ITO-10 sample achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 13.11%. This work presents a new interlayer material that reveals the synergistic mechanism of bulk doping and defect regulation in transparent conductive oxide ITO for CZTSSe.
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Energy & Environmental Materials
·
2026
·
IF 13.8
Pengyu Tan,Jianwei Lu,Yimin Chen,Kaiwen Yang,Kun Luo,Dan Liu,Weiwei Lei
Rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are promising candidates for sustainable energy storage; however, their performance is severely limited by sluggish oxygen reduction and evolution (ORR/OER) kinetics. Here, a hard-templating etching strategy was employed to construct nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres embedded with NiCo nanoparticles (NiCo@N-HMCS). The hollow nanostructure, together with a strong electronic coupling between NiCo alloys and N-doped carbon, provides abundant accessible active sites, optimized charge transfer, and robust structural stability. As a result, NiCo@N-HMCS delivers remarkable bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media, with a half-wave potential of 0.84 V for the oxygen reduction reaction and an overpotential of 330 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for the oxygen evolution reaction. When applied in ZABs, the catalyst delivers a high open-circuit voltage of 1.56 V, a peak power density of 185.53 mW cm −2 , and durable cycling over 300 h. The flexible ZAB configuration also delivers a power density of 79.06 mW cm −2 and stable operation of 120 h. This study demonstrates a robust platinum-group-metal-free strategy for advancing next-generation rechargeable and flexible energy storage systems.
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APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 40
·期 4
·e70553
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IF 4.3
Lichun Xu,Jianbo Li,Wenbo Ma,Tianzhu Yin,Mengbi Guo,Rui Yang,Bo Yang
Transition metal-catalyzed C-C couplings have the potential to provide complex molecules, however, the formation of selective C–C bonds for symmetric/unsymmetric dihalogenated aromatics remains being a challenge. To explore the specificially selective Suzuki monocoupling of symmetrical/unsymmetrical dibromopyridines, a set of cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers ( CD-P ) were synthesized by CuAAC reaction and coordinated with Pd ( CD-P-Pd (II) ). Numerous cavities with pocket-like catalytic sites were designed in its structure and the narrow rims of cyclodextrin were connected and enclosed by triazole rings coordinated with Pd. Meanwhile, the wide rims were kept open to recognize the reactants and products for association and dissociation with the cavity. The use of CD-3-P-Pd (II) under mild conditions can obtain monosubstituted products with yield of up to 79% and specific selectivity (mono−/bis- = 100:0 for symmetrical dibromopyridines, monoaty−/monoty−/bis- = 80:0:20 for unsymmetrical dibromopyridines). This mechanism study supports the hypothesis that the first oxidation addition step can be effectively regulated by the structural design of the catalyst to obtain monosubstituted products. Cyclodextrin polymers offered exciting possibilities for the specificity of coupling reactions by facilitating host-guest recognition.
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ChemCatChem
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 6
·e01859
·
IF 4.1
Jiahao Qi,Shangmeng Ning,Yuan Liu,Yongdan Li,Cuijuan Zhang
Developing high-performance Ni-based catalysts is critical for the practical application of dry reforming of methane (DRM). Herein, the 10wt%Ni/CeO 2 catalyst was mediated by CeAlO 3 formed by interfacial reaction between impregnated Al species and the CeO 2 support. The resultant CeAlO 3 has a significant influence on the structural properties and the catalytic performance. CeAlO 3 can enhance the dispersion of Ni, introduce more oxygen ion vacancies and medium basic sites, which contribute to the high activity and high coking resistance. Furthermore, the enhanced interaction between Ni and the support impedes the sintering of Ni nanoparticles, leading to improved stability. The sample with Al:Ce molar ratio of 0.1 demonstrates impressive performance, at 800°C and 120,000 mL/(h·g cat ), the CH 4 , CO 2 conversion and H 2 /CO ratio are 94.3%, 90.7%, and 0.92, respectively. The activity decreases by <5% over 200 h test at 750°C with a carbon accumulation rate of only 0.54 mg C/(g cat ·h).
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Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Kai Miao,Zi-chen Wang,Lu Wang,Yang Ran,Heng Xue,Shuang Gao,Sheng Huang,Di-chen Li
UV-curing-assisted direct ink writing (DIW) is an established additive manufacturing technique for composite solid propellants, facilitating the development aerospace propulsion systems. However, direct application to aluminum (Al)-containing propellant slurries leads to limited curing depth, attributed to the high UV absorbance of aluminum powder. To address this limitation, we propose a novel surface modification strategy in which aluminum powders are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), yielding PTFE@Al composite powders with a core-shell structure. UV absorbance measurements show that PTFE coatings reduce the absorbance of aluminum powder by approximately 63%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the uniformity and integrity of the PTFE coatings. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses indicate that PTFE coating significantly enhances the energy release of aluminum powder, achieving an exothermic heat output of 2.19 kJ·g -1 below 1400 °C-approximately three times that of uncoated aluminum. Furthermore, curing tests on formulations containing PTFE@Al powders demonstrated an approximate 15% increase in curing depth. These results demonstrate that PTFE@Al composite powders not only overcome the limitations of aluminum’s UV absorption but also significantly enhance photocuring efficiency and energetic output. This work presents an innovative material design strategy and a practical route for additive manufacturing of high-performance solid propellant grains.
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FUEL
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Jie Zheng,Ying Li,Yongtao Huang,Tianlong Wang,Wei Zhang,Chunsheng Zhuang
This study successfully synthesizes a highly efficient and stable electrolyte material for low-to-medium temperature solid oxide fuel cells, LaSrBaCeFeO x . It addresses issues of material degradation, high costs, and slow startup commonly associated with conventional electrolytes at elevated temperatures. Research reveals that the material forms a thermodynamically stable biphasic structure, composed of perovskite and Ruddlesden-Popper phases at the nanoscale. This unique microstructure results from the interplay between high configurational entropy and strong chemical driving forces within the multi-component system. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the uniform coexistence of both phases. The material demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance at moderate to low temperatures. A single cell with this electrolyte achieves a peak power density of 873 mW cm −2 at 550 °C, with a low ohmic resistance of 0.14 Ω cm 2 . Proton conduction experiments further confirm its potential as a mixed conductor. The high-entropy biphasic structure enhances performance through synergistic effects, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis, which indicate abundant oxygen vacancies and high oxygen exchange activity. The system’s configuration entropy stabilizes the structure, optimizing oxygen vacancy formation and migration. This study provides a promising electrolyte material for next-generation SOFCs and demonstrates the potential of high-entropy design in multifunctional ion conductors, offering new solutions for sustainable clean energy technologies aligned with carbon neutrality goals.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Zaheer Abbas,Ke Zhang,Zihao Wang,Muhammad Khan,Nikita M. Kuznetsov,Zeshan Javed,Tong Zhang,Shichong Peng,Sai Chen,Jiupeng Zhao,Yao Li
A two-step synthesis strategy was employed to synthesize TiO 2 particles with distinct morphologies and crystallinities for electrorheological (ER) fluids. Amorphous TiO 2 (A-TiO 2 ) and non-calcined urchin-like mesoporous TiO 2 spheres (UMTS) were successfully synthesized via sol-gel and hydrothermal reactions, respectively. Subsequently, calcination further enhanced the crystallinity of the non-calcined UMTS. The TiO 2 particles suspended in silicone oil (10 % volume fraction) were evaluated for their ER performance under varying electric fields (0-3 kV/mm). The ER properties of three variants were characterized in terms of shear stress, shear viscosity, reversibility, and ER efficiency with respect to shear rate under different electric field strengths. As a result, a well-defined chain-like structure is confirmed through an optical microscope (OM). The morphological characteristics of these microstructures were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and Zeta potential, which showed spherical particles (480 nm in average diameter) with urchin-like morphology featuring radially oriented nanotips on their surface. Critically, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the successful surface modification, confirming the presence of functional groups (OH, Ti-O-Ti) essential for the electrorheological (ER) effect and Brunner Emmett Teller (BET) analysis confirmed the high surface area (up to 214 m 2 g −1 ) of the synthesized non calcined UMTS, which results to achieve an excellent electrorheological response. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the phase conversion from an amorphous to a crystalline anatase structure. Furthermore, the results indicate that heat treatment on crystalline structure significantly influences the ER characteristics, including dielectric loss factor and charge accumulation behavior. The results indicated that the non-calcined UMTS exhibits a higher shear stress, 1270 Pa at 3 kVmm −1 than A-TiO 2 and calcined UMTS. These findings reveal a complex interplay between microstructure and ER performance, offering valuable insights for optimizing ER fluids.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Xiaojun Ye,Wenfeng Liao,Xiaowen Zhao,Chuangen Xu,Jixiang Zhao,Xiaoliang Wang
Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells employ a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layer to achieve highly efficient passivation of the crystalline silicon (c-Si) surface, thereby enabling high open-circuit voltage (V OC ). However, during long-term operation, the intrinsic amorphous silicon (i-a-Si) passivation layer is susceptible to degradation under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, resulting in performance decline. To mitigate this issue, the present study develops a ZnO-based anti-reflective (AR) UV cutoff multilayer film. A zinc oxide (ZnO) precursor is prepared via a simple sol-gel method, and subsequently subjected to high-temperature curing to form a uniform coating on the glass surface. An additional AR layer is then deposited using the same process to further enhance transmittance and weather resistance. Experimental results demonstrate that the fabricated ZnO-AR film exhibits significantly reduced transmittance in the 250 nm - 380 nm UV band while maintaining an average transmittance of 94.52% in the 380 nm - 1100 nm visible-to-near-infrared range. The film also shows excellent environmental stability, with performance retained after high-temperature, high-humidity, and UV aging tests. SHJ cells coated with this film achieve a short-circuit current density of 37.27 mA cm −2 , representing a 5.16% improvement compared to cells with uncoated glass. Given its straightforward fabrication process and robust weather resistance, this approach offers effective technical support for the practical outdoor deployment of SHJ solar cells.
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Biomaterials Advances
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Yonghua Li,Yang Gao,Zhifang Xiao,Wenfang Jiang,Na Han,Xianjun He,Ling Ouyang,Peng Zhang
Photothermal therapy (PTT) not only directly eliminates tumors through its photothermal effects but also triggers a critical antitumor immune response. This study created a multifunctional nanoplatform out of biodegradable mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA). By doping manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) to generate mPDA@Mn nanoparticles, the material's photothermal conversion efficiency was greatly improved, as was the efficient loading of the anticancer medication carfilzomib. This system enables precise control over the release of CFZ and Mn 2+ under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, achieving triple synergistic antitumor effects through chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and immune activation at the tumor site. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the cell membrane-coated CM@mPDA@Mn/CFZ nanosystem exhibits favorable biocompatibility. In a mouse model of multiple myeloma, the combination of this nanosystem with NIR irradiation showed significant synergistic therapeutic efficacy. It not only destroyed tumor cells directly, but it also stimulated dendritic cell (DC) maturation, CD3 + T cell activation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration, substantially modifying the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings suggest that this triple synergistic method, which combines chemotherapy, photothermal ablation, and immune activation, provides an effective and targeted nanotherapeutic platform for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Tianshu Bao,Congcong Li,Chenye Wang,Huiquan Li,Liangbin Li,Zhenhua Sun,Lili Yu,Xinjuan Hou,Aiping Peng,Ming Ye
Global lithium demand has heightened interest in direct extraction from salt-lake brine. Mn-based ion sieves (HMOs) offer high capacity, fast kinetics, and low cost but suffer from Mn dissolution. This study reports a low-dissolution HMO@Hy sieve prepared via hydrothermal carbon coating. The oxygen-rich carbon layer curbs metal leaching without performance loss seen in amorphous carbon coatings, reducing Mn dissolution from 2.01% to 1.06%. The material exists as loose powder with a uniform 2–3 nm coating and adsorbs 21.1 mg/g from real brine within one hour. First-principles calculations show the carbon-doped coating raises surface Mn valence, reducing charge density and limiting dissolution during desorption. Granulation and cycling tests confirm practical potential: one ton of adsorbent processes 114 tons brine weekly, yielding 0.49 tons Li₂CO₃ and ¥42,800 economic benefit. This non-metallic coating strategy enhances HMO stability for sustainable lithium recovery.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 9.6
Jintao Tong,Shihao Zang,Xiangyu Dou,Xingyue Chen,Chen Chen,Zhe Xu,Cheng Ma,Jianbin Huang
In colloidal mixtures, different particle types coexist in the same suspension environment yet exhibit intrinsically distinct surface chemistries. Here we present surface-dictated sorting rules that enable selective assembly among mixed colloids. Using seven types of particles of equal size (∼2 μm) representing common families of negatively charged stable colloids, including inorganic spheres bearing native surface hydroxyls groups (M–OH, e.g. SiO 2 , TiO 2 ) or grafted carboxyl groups, organic polymer particles synthesized by emulsion polymerization (sulfonated PS and PMMA, carboxylated PS), and an organosilane-derived colloid with silanol surface (TPM), we identify three general strategies: (1) pH and solvent dielectric tuning, suppresses the dissociation of weakly acidic surface groups, driving particles with near-neutral M–OH or –COOH sites to clusterize; (2) Small molecules with multiple hydrogen-bonding sites (i.e., urea), reorganize interfacial hydrogen-bond networks, selectively destabilizing the surfaces of hydroxyl-rich inorganic particles; (3) Depletion-driven assembly with Pluronic surfactants. Upon selective adsorption onto hydrophobic particles (e.g., polystyrene), Pluronic copolymers form a stable surface brush layer, increasing the effective radius of the particles. This expanded depletion zone creates greater overlap as particles approach, resulting in enhanced depletion attraction. When combined with disparities in intrinsic surface potential, this brush-mediated interaction yields distinct overall potentials between hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles, thereby driving the preferential assembly of the hydrophobic ones. Applying this strategy to SiO 2 /Pt Janus particles further induces neutral charged Pt-facet clustering under depletion, yielding oriented clusters and chain-like assemblies.
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