ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 34
·16444-16456
·
IF 5.8
Zhang Lin,Xiao Xiang,Cheng Zirui,Hou Xiaoying,Du Hongzhi
Cadmium
(Cd 2+ ), among the most hazardous heavy-metal
pollutants, enters ecosystems through both natural processes and anthropogenic
activities. This study developed an electrochemical sensor using a
two-dimensional nanomaterialcomposite strategy, which synergistically
integrates ion-imprinted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (IIP-PEDOT)
with graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanomaterials
for ultrasensitive Cd 2+ detection. First, the IIP film
was fabricated via electropolymerization of EDOT monomers on a g-C 3 N 4 -modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE),
leveraging hydrophobic interactions and π–π conjugation
effects between EDOT molecules and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets.
Subsequently, density functional theory (DFT) simulations elucidated
the energy changes of the polymerization-complex structure formed
by Cd 2+ with functional monomers, while also clarifying
the coordination binding mechanisms between metal ions and recognition
sites within imprinted cavities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were systematically employed
to characterize the morphological features and chemical composition
of the IIP-PEDOT/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite material,
validating the uniform dispersion of PEDOT polymer chains on the g-C 3 N 4 nanocarrier and confirming the stability of
interfacial interactions. Experimental results demonstrated that the
sensor exhibited superior selective Cd 2+ recognition capability
with a remarkably low detection limit of 75 ng/L (0.67 nM) across
a linear range of 0.01–10 μM, substantially outperforming
EU drinking-water regulatory thresholds (approximately 45 μM),
reflecting the superiority of the sensor. Furthermore, biological
validation based on mouse-exposure models confirmed that the sensor
could accurately reflect Cd 2+ accumulation levels in blood,
liver, and kidney tissues. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates outstanding
detection capabilities in the human blood environment, suggesting
promising clinical biosample analysis applications. In brief, this
IIP-PEDOT/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite sensing platform
offers a cost-effective, rapid, and field-deployable solution for
monitoring Cd 2+ contamination in environmental and biomedical
matrices.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Peipei Meng,Qianya Zhou,Na Zhang,Lijuan Zhang,Liuchun Zheng
In this study, a green and sustainable synthesis strategy was developed to fabricate cellulose-based composite adsorbents by replacing the organic dispersion system previously used with an aqueous medium. Two inorganic fillers, sepiolite and TiO₂, were respectively incorporated to prepare cellulose-sepiolite (CgS(H₂O)) and cellulose-TiO₂ (CgT(H₂O)) composites, aiming to investigate the influence of mineral type and dispersion phase on Cd(II) adsorption performance and mechanism. Compared to the earlier reported CAT material synthesized in organic media, both aqueous-phase composites showed enhanced porosity, surface functionality, and carboxyl group distribution. CgS(H₂O) exhibited a fluffy, porous network structure with high micro/mesopore connectivity, achieving a maximum Cd(II) capacity of 239.45 mg/g. CgT(H₂O), with higher surface area and Ti–O active sites, demonstrated the highest capacity of 368.82 mg/g, significantly surpassing CAT (105 mg/g). Kinetic and isotherm analysis revealed that CgS(H₂O) followed multilayer chemisorption, while CgT(H₂O) conformed to monolayer Langmuir-type adsorption. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations further indicated stronger binding affinities and more active carboxyl-dominant sites in CgT(H₂O), while CgS(H₂O) benefited from networked carboxyl groups and Si–O-based interaction domains. These findings collectively highlight that the aqueous dispersion strategy, combined with targeted mineral selection, enhances not only environmental friendliness but also material structure and adsorption efficiency, offering a versatile platform for efficient heavy metal removal from water.
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Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
·
2025
·
IF 7.1
Wuxin Hou,Jizhuang Zuo,Yongle Gao,Yao Wang,Li Liu
The generation of humins by-products in biorefinery is often unavoidable. We here report the valorization of chitosan-derived humins for removal of heavy metal ions to enhance the atomic economy of the biomass conversion. Chitosan-derived humins were synthesized by catalysis of oxalic acid (OA), whereby the adsorption performance for Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was explored. The adsorption data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, complemented by the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models, revealing maximum adsorption capacities of humins for heavy metal ions as follows: 358.7 mg/g for Cr(VI), 152.6 mg/g for Cd(II), and 40.2 mg/g for Cr(III). The mechanistic studies revealed that the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cr(III) by humins mainly occurs through ion exchange (carboxyl groups) and surface complexation (hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups). In comparison, the adsorption of Cr(VI) by humins involves electrostatic attraction, alongside ion exchange and surface complexation. After carbonization and activation, the specific surface area increased markedly, however the adsorption capacity decreased owing to reduced oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups. Competitive adsorption studies, industrial wastewater experiments, and cyclic adsorption tests demonstrate that humins exhibit remarkable adsorption performance even in complex environments. This work highlights that chitosan-derived humins are promising adsorbents for the remediation of heavy metal ions.
研究领域:
环境化学
·
生物质转化
·
吸附科学
·
污染修复
·
材料化学
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Xinchao Chen,Jiajing Pan,Xin Huang,Hongtao Liu,Jun Zhang
Although sludge bioleaching has been widely applied for dewatering and heavy metal removal, its effects on the occurrence characteristics and property changes of microplastics remain largely unreported. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bioleaching treatment on the occurrence characteristics, physicochemical properties, and Cd adsorption capacity of microplastics in sludge from two wastewater treatment plants. Microplastic abundance decreased significantly after bioleaching treatment from 1557 to 997 items/L and from 4117 to 1371 items/L in the two plants. The proportion of microplastics sized 50–200 μm decreased from 72.9 % to 47.4 % and from 40.0 % to 34.6 %. Fibrous microplastics remained the dominant form, with polypropylene and polyethylene as the main polymers. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis demonstrated surface aging, with the oxygen content increasing from 2.06 % to 22.14 % and the oxygen–carbon ratio increasing from 0.087 to 0.248. The isolated microplastics demonstrated enhanced Cd adsorption capacity, ranging from 1236 to 1797 μg/g, indicating that bioleaching-induced fragmentation creates additional adsorption sites. Overall, bioleaching alters microplastics occurrence and accelerates aging, thereby enhancing heavy-metal adsorption and offering insights into the environmental risks of sludge-borne MPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微塑料污染
·
污水处理
·
重金属去除
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2025
·
IF 4
Yonglin Liu,Shuran He,Hanfei Gao,Xinyi Wang,Qingjian Zhang,Wei Tian,Baorong Duan,Lin Liu
s The study investigated the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cd(Ⅱ) by argillaceous limestone (AL) in a binary adsorption system. The results indicate that AL’s capacity to adsorb Cr(Ⅲ) is enhanced by the presence of Cd(Ⅱ). Conversely, the presence of Cr(Ⅲ) significantly decreases the adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ). The adsorption mechanisms involve precipitation, chelation, and ion exchange. AL’s adsorption behavior was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption process was dominated by chemical interactions and the monolayer adsorption pattern. The pH affects adsorption primarily by altering the protonation degree of the AL surface. In the single-component system, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(III) reached 30.98 mg·g⁻ 1 at pH 7.0, while that for Cd(Ⅱ) reached 38.80 mg·g⁻ 1 at pH 8.0. In the binary system, Cr(Ⅲ) achieved its highest adsorption capacity (42.56 mg·g⁻ 1 ) at pH 6.0, while Cd(Ⅱ) exhibited a maximum capacity of 19.16 mg·g⁻ 1 at pH 7.0. The presence of Na⁺ and Ca 2 ⁺ ions reduced the adsorption efficiency, with greater inhibition observed as ionic strength increased. This study clarifies the composite adsorption behavior of AL in multi-ion systems and can advance the direct application of natural minerals in environmental pollution remediation.
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Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2024
·
IF 1
Youning Chen,Shuang Jia,Wei Zhao,Juan Song,Yuhong Li,Huan Wang
A novel ethylenediamine chelating resin (PEDA-g-PS) was prepared by grafting poly (glycidyl methacrylate) onto the chloromethylated polystyrene beads via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and followed by the ring-opening reaction of epoxy and amine groups. The resin was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The adsorption property for Cu(II) and Cd(II) on the resin was examined. By analyzing adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics and the influence of solution pH on the adsorption capacity, the adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) on PEDA-g-PS resin was proved to be Langmuir single-layer adsorption model, and adsorption process conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Cd(II) could reach 1.19 and 1.95 mmol·g –1 at pH 3.0 by fitting Langmuir model. The adsorption of the Cu(II) and Cd(II) was hardly affected by common coexisting ions such as Na (I), K (I), Ca (II) and Mg (II), whereas they were slightly decreased when Fe (II) and Zn (II) coexisted in the solution, which illustrated the selective adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater. After ten adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of the resin did not change significantly, indicating that the resin exhibited excellent adsorption properties for heavy metal ions and excellent reusability.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
高分子化学
·
水处理
·
重金属去除
·
吸附技术
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 7.968
Xinyue Guo,Yanqiu Hu,Chaowen Chen,Jia Zhang,Pengqi Yang,Yue Du,Dongfang Wang,Dongqing Cai,Zhengyan Wu
Remediation of cadmium ion in polluted water suffers from high cost and low efficiency. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was able to extract Cd(II) from water effectively, but the liability to aggregate greatly limits its broad application. Herein, we develop a promising remedy (CCP@NZVI) for the rapid and efficient removal of Cd(II) in water by facile coating conductive carbon paint (CCP) on NZVI. Compared with NZVI alone, CCP@NZVI shows enhanced efficiency, achieving removal up to 95% in 5 min at a low dose (0.67 g/L). We demonstrated the validity of a build-in primary battery as the driving force for the removal of Cd(II). In water contaminated by Cd(II), NZVI acting as the anode tends to be oxidized to ferrous ion and transfers electron to CCP as the cathode, wherein dissolved O 2 is reduced to OH - for interfacial Cd(II) precipitation. A panel of characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and open circuit potential, have been used to analyze CCP@NZVI before and after the reactions, verifying the immobilization of absorbed Cd(II) in CCP@NZVI as Cd(OH) 2 . In addition, this method exhibits good stability against weak acid and coexisting anions with satisfactory biosafety . Importantly, the Cd-immobilized CCP@NZVI after treatment can be easily separated via weak magnetic field. This study provides a novel strategy to achieve rapid Cd(II) removal at low-cost and with collectability, which may have a tremendous application prospect in environment fields including water treatment and soil detoxication.
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Environmental Science-Nano
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 9
·2500-2513
·
IF 7.3
Chao Xue,Xiaoyun Yi,Yuebei Yang,Feng Jiang,Hua Yin,Zhi Dang
It has been widely believed that the adsorption mechanism of cadmium on iron (oxyhydr)oxide is solely the inner-sphere complexation based on extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). However, these results were obtained at specific experiment settings (high ionic strength and high cadmium surface loading). In natural cadmium-polluted soil and water environments, such as acidic mineral drainage (AMD) areas, the pH/ionic strength is relatively low. Therefore, under practical conditions, the bonding pathway of cadmium could be different and may comprise other potential mechanisms. This work focuses on the proportion of different cadmium sorption pathways on goethite by employing a chemical extraction procedure. Cadmium is mostly adsorbed on goethite via electrostatic adsorption and inner-sphere complexation in a pH range of 5.5–7.5 under 10 mM ionic strength conditions. Through quantitative calculation, it is confirmed that the amount of Mg(NO3)2-extracted cadmium can refer to the content of electrostatically adsorbed cadmium. Two types of surface hydroxyls contributed differently to inner-sphere complexed Cd(II) at different pH values, and the emergence of surface-induced precipitates at higher pH could also be included in the retention mechanism. The behavior of electrostatically adsorbed cadmium and inner-sphere complexed Cd(II) was found to be different at different pH values when sulfate was introduced. Based on zeta potential and total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectral analyses, sulfate would modify the surface charge of goethite, but, moreover, sulfate might form pseudo ion-group species with cadmium, which could influence the sorption pathway of cadmium.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
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WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2025
·Vol. 237
·期 3
·129
·
IF 3
Han Yuliang,Fang Jiahui,Ji Xinyuan,Hu Sheng
To address the problem of excessive Cd (II) content in selenium-rich soil and water in Enshi region, this experiment utilized ion imprinting for selective adsorption of cadmium, which made the separation of selenium and cadmium possible. A novel attapulgite-based Cd(II) ion-imprinted polymer (AF-IIP) was prepared with the surface imprinting technique, using magnetic attapulgite as the matrix and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPS) as the functional monomer. SEM, XRD, VSM, FT-IR and EDS elemental analysis were performed to confirm the structural transformations and compositional changes of the materials during the preparation process. The optimal pH, optimal time, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms during the adsorption of Cd (II) by ion-imprinted polymers were investigated. The experimental results showed that the optimum pH of the adsorption process was 6.0 and the maximum adsorption amount was 49.0 mg·g −1 . In the presence of competitive ions, the adsorption capacity of AF-IIP for Cd (II) is much larger than that of Se ions, indicating that AF-IIP has good selectivity. The adsorption reaction conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and kinetic data were more suitable to be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, XPS analysis confirmed that Cd(II) adsorption primarily occurs via interactions with thiol (-SH) groups. In addition, regeneration tests have shown that AF-IIP was reusable and stable.
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JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
·
2021
·Vol. 21
·期 2
·775-783
·
IF 3.308
Du Huihui,Du Jingwei,Liu Fangyi,Zhang Yanhuan,Guo Hanwen,Wan Dan
Purpose Antibiotics often coexist with heavy metals in contaminated soils, making their behaviors more complicated than their individual presences. Sorption to soil components deeply affects the mobility, bioavailability, and fate of contaminants. However, limited studies have investigated the cosorption characteristics of tetracycline (TC) and heavy metals to typical soil minerals, particularly phyllosilicates. Materials and methods This study investigates the effect of Cd(II) on TC sorption by kaolinite (Kao, 1:1-type) and montmorillonite (Mont, 2:1-type) via isothermal adsorption, coupled with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results and discussion Isothermal results show that TC sorption on both kaolinite (Kao, 1:1-type) and montmorillonite (Mont, 2:1-type) is little affected by Cd(II) at pH 4.5 but increases significantly at pH 8.5. The overall effect of Cd(II) on TC sorption depends on the intensities of two positive processes, i.e., (1) the formation of soluble Cd-TC complex increases sorption compared to free TC molecules and (2) the formation of a ternary clay-Cd-TC complex at clay variable edge sites increases sorption, and one negative process, i.e., competition of Cd(II) with cationic and zwitterionic TC species at the permanently charged sites decreases sorption. XRD analyses demonstrate that TC intercalates into the interlayer ( d 001 = 18.7 Å) of Mont as one monolayer parallel molecule both with and without Cd(II) but adsorbs predominately on external surface of Kao. FTIR results suggest a flat-lying horizontal configuration of adsorbed TC molecules on clays, accompanied by a strong complexation between the carbonyl and amino groups of TC molecules and the surfaces. Besides, the presence of Cd(II) more or less facilitates this complexation. Conclusions We propose that Cd(II) can significantly promote TC adsorption on clay minerals at alkaline pH rather than acidic pH. TC and Cd(II) interact intensely and form strong surface complexation on clay surfaces. Hence, coexistence with Cd(II) may lower the mobility and thus the bioavailability of TC in alkaline soils, which provides a new direction for soil remediation by regulating soil pH using alkaline materials. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
环境科学
·
土壤学
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2018
·
IF 8.097
Dongfang Wang,Guilong Zhang,Zhangyu Dai,Linglin Zhou,Po Bian,Kang Zheng,Zhengyan Wu,Dongqing Cai
In this work, a novel nanosystem with a sandwich-like structure was synthesized via face-to-face combination of two pieces of waste cotton fabrics (CFs) carrying ferrous sulfide (FeS) and carboxyl-functionalized ferroferric oxide microsphere (CFFM), respectively, and the obtained nanosystem was named as FeS/CFFM/CF. Therein, FeS has high reduction and adsorption capabilities for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), CFFM possesses a high adsorption ability on cadmium ion (Cd(II)) through electrostatic attraction and chelation, and CF displays high immobilization ability for FeS and CFFM and adsorption performance on Cd(II). FeS/CFFM/CF could simultaneously remove Cr(VI) and Cd(II) from water and inhibit the uptake of Cr and Cd by fish and water spinach, ensuring the food safety. Besides, this technology could efficiently control the migration of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) in the sand–soil mixture, which was favorable to prevent their wide diffusion. Importantly, FeS/CFFM/CF possessed a high flexibility and could be conveniently produced with needed scale and shape and easily separated from water and soil, displaying a promising approach to remediate Cr(VI)-/Cd(II)-contaminated water and soil and a huge application potential.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
生态学
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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2018
·
IF 3.235
Xueni Lin,Zhiwei Lu,Wanlin Dai,Baichen Liu,Yuxin Zhang,Junye Li,Jianshan Ye
Recently, graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention as new electrode-modified materials for different electrochemical sensing platforms. However, graphene-based nanomaterials modified heavy metal sensors often have the disadvantages in that their detection ranges are not wide enough. To solve this problem, an easy and feasible approach derived from laser engraving technique to fabricate a high-quality 3D porous graphene-based heavy metal sensor with a quite wide detection range was established. The nitrogen-doped laser engraved graphene (N@LEG) was synthesized via introducing polyaniline (PANI) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as N-dopant. Herein, by coupling the unique electrochemical properties and the 3D porous structure framework with large electrochemical active surface areas of LEG with the strong metal ions affinity of N atoms, N@LEG modified glassy carbon electrode (N@LEG/GCE) with in-situ bismuth film modification has been successfully utilized for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). After optimizing conditions, the proposed sensor exhibits quite wide linear ranges varying from 5 to 10 g L −1 and 10 to 380 g L −1 for Cd(II), and 0.5 to 10 μg L −1 and 10 μg L −1 to 380 μg L −1 for Pb(II), respectively. In addition, the detection limits are calculated to be 1.08 g L −1 (S/N = 3) for Cd(II) and 0.16 g L −1 (S/N = 3) for Pb(II), which are nearly 3 times and 60 times less than the guideline values of the drinking water presented by the World Health Organization (WHO), for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Furthermore, the results describe satisfactory advantages of remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, anti-interference, repeatability, reproducibility and stability. Besides, the fabricated sensor is proved to be a potential perspective to detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) in actual water samples.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分析化学
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