INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Wanqing Yao,Yuhua Zhang,Liying Yang,Pingjing Chang,Xianhu Liu,Guohua Zhong
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum ( F. oxysporum ), poses a significant threat to global crop production. Conventional fungicides such as carbendazim (CBZ) encounter substantial challenges, including single-target resistance, poor environmental stability, an effective utilization rate of less than 0.1 %, and biosafety concerns. To overcome these limitations and address the core bottlenecks of existing nanopesticides, we developed a novel intelligent nanopesticide (CBZ@Se-CS, CSC) through a straightforward non-covalent self-assembly of chitosan and selenium nanoparticles for targeted delivery of CBZ. CSC has an average particle size of approximately 129 nm and a zeta potential of + 43.1 mV. It exhibited an 85 % cumulative release rate in the acidic microenvironment (pH 5.0) that simulates fungal infection sites.In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that CSC achieved an EC₅₀ of 0.139 mg/L, showing 4.35-fold higher efficacy compared to free CBZ. Its triple-target synergistic mechanism potentially disrupts fungal cell membranes, induces oxidative stress and inhibits virulence factor synthesis, which may help mitigate resistance risks. Furthermore, CSC exhibits bidirectional vascular translocation in plants, host defense priming capacity, robust environmental stability and minimal toxicity to non-target organisms. It also promotes peanut seed germination. Enabled by green and potentially scalable preparation, CSC may reduce chemical inputs while providing a practical solution for managing vascular-colonizing pathogens such as F. oxysporum . This work aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals for food security and sustainable agriculture, presenting an innovative paradigm for the design of eco-friendly smart nanopesticides.
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Journal of Fungi
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 2
·157
·
IF 4.3
Yajing Yin,Hanxing Zhang,Zhenying Zhang,Mi Zhou,Shaojie Li,Chengcheng Hu
Fusarium verticillioides is a significant agricultural pathogen and an emerging causative agent of invasive fusariosis in clinical settings. Fusarium species frequently exhibit resistance to available antifungal agents, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying azole resistance remain poorly characterized. In this study, we identified the Zn(II) 2 Cys 6 transcription factor FvADS-1 as a positive regulator of the azole stress response in F. verticillioides . The transcription of FvADS-1 was significantly induced by ketoconazole (KTC), and its deletion increased susceptibility to multiple azole compounds. Mechanistically, FvADS-1 positively regulates the KTC-induced expression of genes encoding ABC transporters and ergosterol biosynthesis enzymes, thereby modulating intracellular KTC accumulation and sterol homeostasis under azole stress. Furthermore, FvADS-1 positively regulates the transcriptional response of peroxisomal genes and contributes to fungal tolerance to oxidative stress. Notably, deletion of FvADS-1 attenuates the virulence of F. verticillioides on maize. The function of ADS-1 is evolutionarily conserved: heterologous expression of N. crassa ads-1 restored azole resistance in FvADS-1 deletion mutant, and the deletion of the F. oxysporum homolog FoADS-1 similarly increased azole susceptibility. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the conserved transcription factor ADS-1 plays a central role in regulating azole resistance and virulence in the pathogen F. verticillioides , offering new insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms in pathogenic filamentous fungi.
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高影响因子
Biology-Basel
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 4
·375
·
IF 3.5
Jiayi Ma,Jialin Liu,Yanxia Shi,Xuewen Xie,Ali Chai,Sheng Xiang,Xianhua Sun,Lei Li,Baoju Li,Tengfei Fan
In this study, a Paenibacillus polymyxa ZF129 microcapsule suspension (CS-ZF129) was prepared. P. polymyxa ZF129 was microencapsulated by gum arabic via the spray-drying method. Coating seeds with the CS-ZF129 not only increased the control efficacy against cucumber root rot to 46.30 ± 0.02%, but also promoted the growth of the cucumber roots and other aspects, effectively improving the colonization ability of polymyxa ZF129 in the cucumber root system, which was analyzed to clarify the biological control mechanism of the cucumber Fusarium root rot disease through the enzyme activity. This study provides an efficient means based on seed coating for the biological control of cucumber Fusarium root rot. Fusarium root rot, a destructive soil-borne fungal disease, necessitates eco-friendly biocontrol strategies. This study developed a microbial seed-coating approach using the antagonistic strain Paenibacillus polymyxa ZF129, formulated into a microencapsulated powder (10 8 CFU/g) and a suspension (CS-ZF129). CS-ZF129 application enhanced cucumber resistance, achieving 46.30 ± 0.02% disease suppression while promoting root growth. The maximum increase in the fresh weight of the root in the promotion of rectangular growth was 47.16%. The colonization dynamics of ZF129 in the rhizosphere were systematically tracked, revealing its antagonistic correlation with Fusarium proliferation. An enzymatic activity analysis further uncovered the underlying regulatory mechanisms, demonstrating induced defense responses through pathogenesis-related protein activation. These findings highlight ZF129’s dual functionality as a biocontrol agent and a plant growth promoter, offering a sustainable strategy against soil-borne pathogens.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
·
农业科学
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高影响因子
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Houyin Zhou,Kun Guo,Jingzhi Yang,Gul Umair,Xianhui Yin,Yue Ma,Jun Yuan
The Asian plum ( Prunus salicina ) is widely cultivated in China for its nutritional and economic importance. In 2024, a previously unreported fruit spot disease was observed on plums in Guizhou Province, China; affected fruit developed depressed lesions that progressed to rot, resulting in substantial economic losses. The causal agent was identified as Fusarium oxysporum based on morphology and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of TEF1-α , RPB2 , and TUB2 . Pathogenicity assays that fulfilled Koch's postulates confirmed F. oxysporum as the etiological agent of the disease. Fungicide sensitivity of the F. oxysporum isolate was evaluated using the mycelial growth rate method across 13 active ingredients, and field efficacy trials were conducted with six fungicides. Prochloraz (45.0 % EW), tebuconazole (43.0 % SC), and azoxystrobin (25.0 % SC) strongly inhibited mycelial growth, with EC 50 values of 0.0570, 0.0810, and 0.0592 μg mL, respectively. In field trials, prochloraz (45.0 % EW) and tebuconazole (43.0 % SC) provided excellent control of plum fruit spot, with control efficacies of 80.31 % and 78.39 % at 7 days and 76.55 % and 73.50 % at 14 days after the final application, respectively. To the present knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing fruit spot on plum in China, and the results identify effective chemical options for disease management.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
真菌学
·
果树病害管理
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农业科学
·
真菌遗传学
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Yu Zhang,Zeyuan Li,Shuxin Wei,Changsheng Xu,Minhua Chen,Jierong Sang,Yiru Han,Huang Yan,Zhoukun Li,Zhongli Cui,Xianfeng Ye
Researchers often consider microorganisms from Stenotrophomonas sp. to be beneficial for plants. In this study, the biocidal effects and action mechanisms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Stenotrophomonas sp. NAU1697 were investigated. The mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC), which is a pathogen responsible for cucumber wilt disease, were significantly inhibited by VOCs emitted from NAU1697. Among the VOCs, 33 were identified, 11 of which were investigated for their antifungal properties. Among the tested compounds, 2-ethylhexanol exhibited the highest antifungal activity toward FOC, with a minimum inhibitory volume (MIV) of 3.0 μL/plate (equal to 35.7 mg/L). Damage to the hyphal cell wall and cell membrane integrity caused a decrease in the ergosterol content and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after 2-ethylhexanol treatment. DNA damage, which is indicative of apoptosis-like cell death, was monitored in 2-ethylhexanol-treated FOC cells by using micro-FTIR analysis. Furthermore, the activities of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III in 2-ethylhexanol-treated FOC cells were significantly decreased. The transcription levels of genes associated with redox reactions and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway were significantly upregulated, thus indicating that stress was caused by 2-ethylhexanol. The findings of this research provide a new avenue for the sustainable management of soil-borne plant fungal diseases.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
·
农业科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Xiyu Cao,Xuran Fu,Jiadi Sun,Honglin Yan,Jin Ye,Wei Wang,Xiulan Sun
Maize is frequently contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs), posing a significant global food safety threat. Understanding how environmental factors regulate fungal toxigenesis under global warming is crucial. This study systematically investigated the in vitro stress responses of Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus parasiticus , and Fusarium verticillioides (strains isolated from contaminated maize) across broad gradients of temperature (15-40 °C) and water activity (0.93-0.995 a w ). Phenotypically, primary and secondary metabolism exhibited striking divergence: A. flavus grew optimally at 30 °C and 0.98 a w , yet intriguingly accumulated peak AFB 2 specifically under severe drought stress (0.93 a w ). A. parasiticus showed broad thermal adaptability for growth, but its AFB 1 production was strictly confined to 25 °C. F. verticillioides maximized FB 1 at 20 °C and 0.98 a w ,. Transcriptomics revealed novel regularity underlying these patterns: under drought stress, A. flavus AFB 2 biosynthesis uniquely decoupled from the classical aflM -dependent pathway via metabolic flux redirection; lepI was identified as an unprecedentedly strict temperature-dependent switch for A. parasiticus AFB 1 ; and a FUM13 -centric hub network coordinated FB 1 synthesis in F. verticillioides . These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted mycotoxin mitigation strategies under environmental factors change.
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PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2019
·Vol. 77
·期 9
·4507-4522
·
IF 1.858
Liu Huijun,Zhang Jianing,Ding Ke,Chen Xiangning,Han Tao
This study aimed to establish a purifying immunoaffinity column (IAC) for four kinds of Fusarium toxins (zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, T-2, and HT-2) simultaneously using poly-glycidyl methacrylate–divinylbenzene [P(GMA–DVB)] as the column matrix. The P(GMA–DVB) microsphere was synthesized using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and diethylbenzene (DVB) at an optimal polymerization temperature of 80 °C, the initiator 2,2′-azodiisobutyronitrile concentration of 2.50 g/mL H 2 O, and the DVB-to-GMA ratio of 3:5 (wt.). The polymerized P(GMA–DVB) microspheres were modified with 1,6-hexanediamine, activated with glutaraldehyde, and coupled with the four toxin monoclonal antibodies. The coupling rate of the activated resin was calculated to be 95.95%. The maximum capacity of the IACs was 264 ng deoxynivalenol, 231 ng T-2, 210 ng HT-2, and 292 ng zearalenone. After eight uses, the maximum capacity had no obvious decrease. The recovery of the four Fusarium toxins on the P(GMA–DVB) IAC was 70.03–85.39% in flour, with the relative standard deviations of 4.67–15.93%. The IACs were applied to the actual flour samples.
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
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高影响因子
mBio
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Kaili Duan,Shaozhe Qin,Fangling Cui,Liangyuan Zhao,Yongqing Huang,Jin-Rong Xu,Guanghui Wang
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium species, is commonly found in cereal grains and poses risks to human and animal health, as well as global grain trade. This study demonstrates that methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a natural plant hormone, inhibits the growth and conidiation of Fusarium graminearum. Importantly, MeJA significantly reduces DON production by suppressing TRI gene expression and toxisome formation. To explore the molecular mechanism, we identified MeJA-tolerant mutants, including a transcription factor MRT1 and cAMP-PKA pathway-related genes (FgGPA1 and FgSNT1). MeJA treatment reduced PKA activity and intracellular cAMP levels in F. graminearum, suggesting it targets the cAMP-PKA pathway. Notably, the MeJA-resistant mutant FgGPA1R178H enhanced fungal growth, DON production, and cAMP levels in the presence of MeJA. Exogenous cAMP alleviated MeJA’s inhibitory effects on DON production, further supporting this pathway’s involvement. Interestingly, MeJA had no effect on all three MAP kinase pathways (Mgv1, Gpmk1, and FgHog1). Truncated and phospho-mimicking mutations in Mrt1 or FgSnt1 conferred MeJA resistance, suggesting they may act downstream of the cAMP-PKA pathway. In conclusion, MeJA presents a promising approach to control F. graminearum growth and DON production.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
·
真菌学
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PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Chao Pan,Fajuan Wang,Yanzi Chu,Yahui Xue,Yan Ye,Kunlong Yang,Jinfeng Hua,Ling Shen,Jun Tian
Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani , is one of the major postharvest diseases of sweet potato. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural product from cinnamon bark, has demonstrated promising antifungal efficacy; however, its mechanism of action, especially regarding fungal sugar metabolism, remains poorly understood. CA above 0.375 g L −1 inhibited F. solani mycelial growth, induced glucose deprivation, and triggered the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates (trehalose and glycogen). Moreover, CA promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), protein carbonylation, and DNA fragmentation, indicating that CA caused oxidative damage and led to apoptotic cell death in F. solani . Notably, CA suppressed the function of the metabolic regulator sucrose non-fermenting protein kinase 1 (Snf1) by disrupting its transcription and translation. Genetic knockout of Snf1 increased the inhibition rate of mycelial growth, amplified intracellular glucose scarcity, promoted the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates, accelerated H 2 O 2 accumulation and protein oxidative damage, and ultimately exacerbated the extent of cell apoptosis. Complementarily, activation of Snf1 attenuated the antifungal effect of CA. Moreover, CA reduced rot incidence and better preserved nutritional quality (soluble sugars and starch), particularly in sweet potato roots infected with Snf1 -deletion mutants. These findings reveal that CA exerts its antifungal effect by disrupting Snf1-mediated glucose supply and inducing oxidative stress in F. solani to control sweet potato postharvest decay. This study provides novel insights into the antifungal mechanism of plant essential oils and supports the potential application of CA as an eco-friendly preservative for controlling postharvest spoilage in carbohydrate-rich fresh produce.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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采后生理学
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分子真菌学
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食品保鲜
·
天然产物
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真菌代谢
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氧化应激生物学
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PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2015
·Vol. 64
·期 5
·1041-1052
·
IF 2.121
W. Raza,J. Yuan,Y. C. Wu,F. U. Rajer,Q. Huang,S. Qirong
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the phytotoxin fusaric acid (FA) on the biocontrol traits of two biocontrol strains Paenibacillus polymyxa WR-2 and SQR-21. The results showed that the growth of both WR-2 and SQR-21 decreased with increasing FA concentration, and at 70 and 80 μ g mL −1 FA, respectively, the strains were unable to grow. The biocontrol traits of both strains were negatively affected by FA concentration higher than 2·5 μ g mL −1 . However, at 2·5 μ g mL −1 FA, biofilm formation and root colonization were not affected and there was even a positive effect on the production of spores and hydrolytic enzymes (protease and β -l,3-glucanase). The production of fusaricidin-type antifungal compounds was increased with an increase in FA concentration up to 50 and 60 μ g mL −1 for WR-2 and SQR-21, respectively. The production of antifungal volatile organic compounds by WR-2 and SQR-21 was increased only at 2·5 μ g mL −1 FA. The effect of FA on the overall metabolic activity of WR-2 and SQR-21 was also determined. This study will help to understand the response of P. polymyxa strains to FA and will help to improve their biocontrol efficiency.
研究领域:
微生物学
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植物病理学
·
农学
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Food Analytical Methods
·
2018
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·1780-1788
·
IF 2.245
Zhao Zhiyong,Yang Xianli,Zhao Xiaoyan,Chen Lei,Bai Bing,Zhou Changyan,Wang Jianhua
Fusarium species are one of the common pathogenic fungi of vegetable diseases. Some Fusarium species produce toxic secondary metabolites, which have potential health risks for humans and animals. In the study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of 13 emerging and traditional Fusarium toxins in pepper, tomato, cucumber, and potato. Samples were extracted by a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. Dispersive solid-phase extraction was employed for the removal of matrix interferences from the crude extracts of various vegetables. Matrix effect was compensated using matrix-matched calibration curves. The method was fully validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. For all the targeted analytes, good linearity ( R 2 ≥ 0.9823) was obtained. Recoveries were in the range of 62 and 114% in pepper, tomato, cucumber, and potato, with intra-day relative standard deviations lower than 14.3%. Quantitation limits of the developed method were between 0.25 and 20 μg/kg in four sample matrices. The method was successfully employed for the analysis of Fusarium toxins in vegetable samples.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
毒理学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 104
·期 3
·979-992
·
IF 2.643
Mosa Mohamed A.,El-Abeid Sozan E.,Khalifa M. M. A.,Elsharouny T. H.,El-Baz Sahar M.,Ahmed Ayman Y.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can promote the solubility and absorption of pesticides by plants and are widely used as a delivery system to improve the efficacy of pesticide applications. In this study, MSNs with 20 nm particle size were produced. Additionally, a water-soluble chitosan (CS) derivative, here called N-(2-Hydroxyl) propyl-3- tri-methyl-ammonium CS chloride (HTCC) was produced and used to cap the outer surface of the MSNs preloaded with the pesticide fludioxonil (Flu). The HTCC coating layers resulted in a pesticide loading efficiency of 84% on the MSNs in comparison to a loading efficiency of 20% of uncoated particles. A comparative in vitro analysis indicated that Flu@MSNs 20nm -HTCC loaded with a 0.05 mg/L dose of fungicide had significant higher fungicidal activity than the same fungicide at 1 mg/L dose against F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). Moreover, after an initial burst, MSNs 20nm -HTCC kept releasing Flu for 21 d, compared to an activity of 7 d associated with the direct release of Flu. Greenhouse data showed that 0.1 mg/L Flu applied through MSNs 20nm -HTCC is sufficient to reduce Fusarium crown and root rot disease severity to a value of less than 6% in tomato plants, without any noticeable phytotoxicity after 70 d. In comparison, 1.56 mL/L of the fungicide are required to reach a 27% disease severity level. Thus, we suggest that HTCC-decorated MSNs 20nm has a great potential as a nanodelivery systems for agrochemical applications. We also suggest that this work contributes to the notion that agro-nanotechnology is a powerful, environmentally-safe and cost-effective approach for a sustainable and long term protection of plants from disease.
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