CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Chuanshen Wang,Haorui Dun,Lu Liu,Hongliang Ding,Hongfei He,Bicheng Lin,Wenyu Hu,Na Sun,Yuan Hu,Bin Yu
Traditional early fire warning systems struggle to meet the active protection demands of complex scenarios of environmental interference. Developing fire warning technologies with fast-response, self-powered, and intelligent interlocking capability has become an urgent priority to enhance safety protection levels. This study synthesized a hierarchical nanocomposite material based on thermoelectric Ag₂Se and polydopamine@carbon nanotubes (PDA@CNT). This composite was subsequently applied to the surface of mechanically strong and thermally stable Poly( p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber films to fabricate a dual-layer fire warning film. The output voltage of the composite film exhibited a strong linear relationship with temperature and can achieve over 100 cycles of repeatable fire warnings. The system can issue an fire warning signal within 1 s upon exposure to a heating stage at 200 °C. In combination with Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), the hierarchical nanocomposite material was applied to the surface of a flammable wood to construct a flame-retardant-early-warning structure. The treated wood achieved UL-94 V0, and 45.5 % and 42.1 % reductions in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR), respectively., while retaining its sensitive fire warning functionality with an issuing signals within 4 s upon contact with a heating stage at 100 °C. By integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a wireless intelligent thermoelectric response fire warning system with adjustable thresholds was developed, enabling rapid fire detection and real-time wireless transmission of fire warning signals. Voltage signals can be monitored in real-time via OLED displays and mobile devices, and the adjustable fire warning threshold voltage demonstrates flexibility in adapting to diverse application scenarios, showcasing the great potential for next-generation intelligent IoT-based fire warning applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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消防安全工程
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物联网技术
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热电材料
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智能传感器
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无线通信系统
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2020
·
IF 3.275
Weiqi Xie,Donglin Tang,Shumei Liu,Jianqing Zhao
The development of high-performance biomass-derived epoxy thermosets with excellent flame resistance is vital to various applications (i.e., composites, coatings and adhesives). Herein, a difunctional epoxy monomer bis(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl) phenyl phosphate (BEU-EP) was synthesized from abundant and biobased eugenol . In addition, BEU-EP was cured by 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and the cured resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/DDM was used as a reference. Results indicated that BEU-EP/DDM not only showed a 58.1%, 28.8% and 35.1% increase in residual char (at 700 °C), flexural and storage modulus (at 30 °C) compared with DGEBA/DDM, but also exhibited excellent flame resistance and smoke suppression. BEU-EP/DDM passed V-0 rating (in UL-94 testing) with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 38.4% and greatly decreased the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 84.9% and 80.5%, respectively. The mechanism analysis confirmed that the phosphorus-containing group and aromatic structure from BEU-EP contributed both the gas and condensed-phase flame retardation of BEU-EP/DDM network. This work provides an efficient and scalable route for synthesizing biobased epoxy thermosets with high integrated performance and superior flame resistance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 57
·期 27
·13078-13096
·
IF 4.682
Xie Ruihang,Yuan Yexin,Sun Pengbo,Liu Zhe,Ma Jinpeng,Yang Guorui,Wang Kui,Li Ming,Shang Lei,Ao Yuhui
The preparation of bio-based epoxy resin with excellent thermal properties and flame retardant properties from green renewable resources had attracted extensive attention in recent years. Starting from the driving structural properties, the purpose of this study is to prepare multifunctional triglycidylester- diphenolic acid- bio-based epoxy (TDBE) with diphenolic acid (DPA), triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphophenanthrene 10 oxide (DOPO) as raw materials. TDBE/DDM and bisphenol A epoxy resin curing agent (DGEBA/DDM) was prepared with 4,4 '- diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agent. TDBE/DDM has excellent fire safety. LOI value rose from 24.5 to 42.0%, and the UL-94 test level passes V-0 level. In the cone calorimeter test, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) is decreased by 69.3%. Besides, the lap shear TDBE adhesive strength was 42.9 MPa, which increased by 62.5%. This new multifunctional bio-based flame retardant epoxy resin provides a broader application prospect for high-performance materials. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Yuan Zhang,Xinyu Zhang,Peng Wang,Yudie Liu,Mengting Wan,Kan Zhang
The fabrication of bio-based epoxy resins having better intrinsic flame retardancy and mechanical performances than petroleum-based epoxy thermosets is important for alleviation of energy and health concerns. In this study, bio-based monomer of diglycidyl ether of curcumin (DGEC) was successfully synthesized from a natural and renewable curcumin through a facile one-step process. The biocompatible epoxy resin obtained was then cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and compared with petroleum-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The DGEC/DDS exhibited a higher glass-transition temperature (300 °C) than DGEBA/DDS (215 °C), indicating the outstanding heat resistance. The tensile strength of DGEC/DDS was 65.9 MPa, higher than that of DGEBA/DDS (56.1 MPa). Furthermore, DGEC/DDS showed excellent charring ability with char yield of 50.15% at 800 °C in N 2 , which was approximatively 3.5 times as much as that of the cured DGEBA/DDS (14.68%). Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) test demonstrated that the DGEC/DDS possessed lower heat release capacity (HRC, 130 J/gk), peak heat release rate (PHRR, 115.0 W/g) and total heat release (THR, 9.9 kJ/g), which were reduced by 80.2%, 74.8% and 59.4%, respectively, compared to those of DGEBA/DDS (658 J/gk, 457.3 W/g, 24.4 kJ/g). The DGEC/DDS passed the UL-94 test and attained the V-0 rating, revealing the good flame retardancy. This work provided an opportunity to prepare bio-based epoxy resins with better properties than DGEBA, which exhibited promising applications in high heat and flame retardancy fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Qing-Qing Bi,Ying-Ming Li,Lu He,De-Yi Wang
High-performance and multifunctional epoxy resins (EP) hold significant promise for diverse applications, yet grappling with the flammability, low thermal stability and mechanical property. In this work, a hierarchical core–shell-dot nanostructure (PDH@β-CD-AA-Fe) was designed via the in-situ polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride (DOPA) on the surface of halloysite nanotube (HNT), then hybriding with aminobenzeneboronic acid (AA), cyclodextrins (β-CD) and transition metal iron ions (Fe). Only 2.5 wt% PDH@β-CD-AA-Fe imparted EP with UL-94 V-0 level at a LOI of 29.3 %, a 52.8 % decreased of peak heat release rate (pHRR), accompanied by a higher proportion of graphitized char layer via the interface-catalyzed charring process. Remarkably, the tensile strength and flexural strength concurrently increased by 40.0 % and 24.9 % comparing to that of neat EP, respectively. Furthermore, a significant reduction in temperature directly above the standard room’s ceiling within 500 s of ignition, accompanied by substantial decreases in CO concentration and smoke emission according to the Fire Dynamics Simulator. Prospectively, the rational strategy of constructing an interface catalysis charring and active organic surface of HNT exploits a highly efficient strategy for developing high-performance EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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聚合物化学
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Xiaoyuan Liu,Jia Liu,Xinyi Bao,Wenqing Ge,Zhihui Lv,Li Dang
To overcome the critical challenges of high smoke toxicity and flammability in flexible polyvinyl chloride (fPVC), this study developed a core-shell flame retardant (MOSw@PDA@NiOOH) via polydopamine (PDA) interfacial engineering and in-situ NiOOH deposition on magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (MOSw). SEM, TEM, and EDS confirm the hierarchical interface structure with Ni(III)-based NiOOH nanoparticles uniformly anchored on MOSw surfaces. Cone calorimetry tests show a 35.38% reduction in peak smoke production rate and a 75.88% decrease in total smoke production, respectively, for fPVC/MOSw@PDA@NiOOH compared to fPVC/MOSw composite, along with a UL-94 V-0 rating and 28.8% limiting oxygen index. Raman, TGA, and XPS analyses reveal that: i) the strong Lewis acidity of Ni(III) facilitates chloride elimination from PVC, leading to the formation of conjugated polyene structures; ii) the powerful oxidizing capability of Ni(III) directly oxidizes unsaturated carbons such as C=C, generating carbocations that subsequently promote aromatization and cross-linking reactions; iii) Ni(III) induces complete decomposition of MOSw into MgO, ultimately forming a dense carbonaceous residue layer composed of graphitic carbon, MgO, NiO, and MgCl 2 . Py-GC/MS and TGA-FTIR analyses further demonstrate that the strong oxidative capacity of Ni(III) also promotes deep cleavage and oxidation of aromatic/aliphatic intermediates, which significantly reduces the accumulation of smoke precursors. Moreover, both the Ni(III) and its reduced Ni(II) possess partially filled 3d orbitals capable of scavenging gas-phase radicals (e.g., H· and HO·), thereby interrupting combustion chain reactions and imparting flame-retardant efficacy. Additionally, PDA’s amino/hydroxyl groups strengthen the MOSw-PVC interface via hydrogen bonding, increasing tensile modulus (20.9 MPa) and strength (17.8 MPa) while maintaining impact strength (83.9 kJ/m 2 ). This work establishes a multifunctional design strategy that simultaneously achieves flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical reinforcement in fPVC composites through synergistic interfacial and catalytic effects.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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化学工程
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纳米技术
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消防安全工程
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表面化学
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分析化学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2021
·
IF 9.078
Hao Wang,Jun Yuan,Zongmin Zhu,Xianze Yin,Yunxuan Weng,Zhaojia Wang,Feihua Yang,Jiayu Zhan,Hua Wang,Luoxin Wang
It is always a challenge to prepare multifunctional epoxy resins (EP) composites with excellent flame retardance, mechanical property and high transparency. In this work, a reactive flame-retardant (BDO) was synthesized from DOPO, 3,5-diamino-triazolz and thiophene-2-formaldehyde, and taken to prepare EP/BDO composites. Surprisingly, benefitting from the synergy of efficient flame retardant unit (DOPO structure), catalytic curing unit (triazole structure) and optical functional structure (thiophene-2-formaldehyde), the EP composites with excellent comprehensive performance was obtained. In detailed, after adding only 5 wt% BDO, the EP composites passed the UL-94 V-0 level, and the limiting oxygen index was increased to 33% from 22.5% of neat EP. At the same time, EP/BDO-5 showed obvious heat suppression and smoke suppression effects. Besides, EP/BDO-5 presented excellent mechanical strength , that the tensile strength and bending strength were increased by 25% and 30% compared with neat EP. Moreover, EP/BDO composites maintained the same good light transmittance as neat EP, and also presented enhanced T g and dielectric property . In addition, the dual phase flame-retardant mechanism was revealed through systematically analyzing residues after combustion and the gaseous phase products of flame retardant. The above results indicated EP/BDO composites with excellent comprehensive performance possessed a great potential application in high-performance composites fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2018
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·111
·
IF 2.467
Hongda Chen,Jihui Wang,Aiqing Ni,Anxin Ding,Xia Han,Ziheng Sun
In order to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), a novel macromolecular charring agent named poly(ethanediamine-1,3,5-triazine-p-4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) (PETAT) with gas phase and condense phase synergistic flame-retardant capability was synthesized and subsequently dispersed into polypropylene (PP) in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via a melt blending method. The chemical structure of PETAT was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the PETAT and IFR systems were tested by thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) and thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame-retardant properties, water resistance, and structures of char residue in flame-retardant composites were characterized using tensile and flexural strength property tests, TGA, limiting oxygen index (LOI) values before and after soaking, underwritten laboratory-94 (UL-94) vertical burning test, cone calorimetric test (CCT), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDXS), and FTIR. The results indicated that PETAT was successfully synthesized, and when the ratio of APP to PETAT was 2:1 with 25 wt % loading, the novel IFR system could reduce the deterioration of tensile strength and enhance the flexural strength of composites. Meanwhile, the flame-retardant composite was able to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 30.3%, and the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and material fire hazard values were considerably decreased compared with others. In addition, composites also exhibited excellent water resistance properties compared with traditional IFR composites. SEM-EDXS and FTIR analyses of the char residues, as well as TG-FTIR analyses of IFR were used to investigate the flame-retardant mechanism of the APP/PETAT IFR system. The results indicated that the efficient flame retardancy of PP/IFR composites could be attributed to the synergism of the free radical-quenching and char layer-protecting mechanisms in the gas phase and condense phase, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）