CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Weiqi Chen,Han Hu,Li Cai,Hanxu Zhu,Qingyang Luan,Qi Jiang,Peng Liang,Jie Feng,Jinggang Wang,Jin Zhu
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) accounts for 8 % of global plastic production and 12 % of solid waste, driving extensive research into innovative recycling strategies. Nonetheless, performance degradation of mechanical recycling and high cost of chemical routes, highlighting the urgent need for cost-effective PET recycling solutions. This study presents a “one-pot” upcycling approach based on hydroxy transesterification, which directly converts PET waste into high-performance copolyesters. A key advantage of this method is the elimination of solvents and the avoidance of complete depolymerization using excess ethylene glycol or methanol. Thermal and mechanical analyses reveal that upcycled poly(ethylene- co -1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG) exhibits properties comparable to commercial PETG. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized a series of heat-resistance copolyesters using various PET waste sources, rigid diols with varying reactivity (2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, spiroglycol, and isosorbide)—demonstrating the broad applicability of this strategy. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrate a 27.2 % reduction in production costs, along with 68 % and 84 % reductions in global warming potential and fossil fuel depletion, respectively. Overall, this platform provides a sustainable and cost-effective pathway for the upcycling of PET waste.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2012
·Vol. 125
·期 4
·3092-3099
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IF 1.289
Suwen Ye,Licheng Tan,Yiwang Chen,Junchao Wei,Weihua Zhou
A series of aliphatic biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)- co -oligo( L -valine) (PBSVAL) copolyesters were synthesized with dimethyl succinate, 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and oligo( L -valine) (OVL) as reagents. The GPC results show that the weight average molecular weight ( M w ) of the copolyester with a feed ratio (PBS/OVL) of 0.9/0.1 (PBSVAL 10 ) is 4.9 × 10 4 g/mol, and its polydispersity index is 1.68. All the copolyesters were more thermally stable than the pristine poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). The incorporation of valine units into the copolyesters eventually led to the decrease of the crystallization temperature, melting temperature, while increase of crystallization enthalpy and melting enthalpy. The crystal structure of the copolyesters is similar to pure PBS except for higher degrees of crystallinity; also there was a trend to higher degrees of crystallinity with increasing content of valine. From the enzymatic degradation experiment, it is clear that the PBSVAL 10 copolyester shows less weight loss as compared to pure PBS which is due to PBSVAL 10 with higher degree of crystallinity. The morphology of the copolyester films after degradation was also studied by the scanning electron microscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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高影响因子
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
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2019
·
IF 1.589
Tao Liu,Jing Hu,Li Yong,Gang Zhang,Yi Zhang,Tong Chen,Gongying Wang
By-products (phenyl salicylate, phenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, and xanthone) from transesterification between phenol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a gas chromatographic method with directed injection for simultaneous quantitative analysis of the product (DPC) and by-products of the transesterification has been established. Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the mechanism of the by-products generation was preliminarily deduced. The sample for quantitative analysis was directly diluted in acetone, and related compounds were separated on an HP-5 capillary column and detected by a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID). The product and by-products were well separated, the correlation coefficients (r) within the concentration range of 1.0 μg/mL–100 μg/mL were ≥0.9997, the relative standard deviations were between 0.5% and 4.4%, spiked recoveries were between 91.5% and 105.6%, and detection limits were between 0.11 and 0.18 μg/mL. The established method is simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive, and highly specific. It is suitable for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of the product and by-products of transesterification between phenol and DMC.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
分析化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Polymer Chemistry
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2023
·
IF 4.6
Tong Zhou,Yu-Ting Guo,Chun Yang,Xian-Bin Meng,Fusheng Du,Zichen Li
A new bicyclic lactone, 2,5,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-one (TOB), was synthesized by direct condensation reaction of glycerol and glyoxylic acid. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of TOB and its copolymerization with lactide (LA) under different conditions were systematically investigated. Both acid and base could catalyze the ROP of TOB, but only oligomers were obtained in low yields. Three discrete oligomers (O1, O2, and O3) of TOB were separated and characterized, confirming that the high crystallinity and poor solubility of PTOB in the polymerization media caused the low monomer conversion and low molar mass of PTOB. Copolymerization of LA and TOB was investigated with benzyl alcohol as the initiator and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as the catalyst. It was confirmed that LA was consumed very quickly to form PLA, followed by slow incorporation of TOB into the formed PLA chains. By varying the feed ratios of LA to TOB, a series of random copolymers with the incorporation ratio of TOB up to 49 mol% were obtained. These copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures (Tg) up to 100 oC. The TBD-catalyzed copolymerization mechanism was revealed to be a base-catalyzed transesterification of PLA and TOB. Finally, PLA-co-PTOB with variable Tg could thus be simply prepared by direct transesterification of PLA with TOB in the presence of TBD.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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高影响因子
Green Chemical Engineering
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2021
·
IF 0
Xin Wang,Hao Hu,Bihua Chen,Lulu Dang,Guohua Gao
The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) via transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methanol (MeOH) was an environmental and practical strategy. Herein, poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with swelling abilities were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N -vinylimidazolium ionic liquids, sodium 4-vinylbenzoate and cross-linker 1,8-triethylene glycoldiyl-3,3ʹ-divinylimidazolium bromide ([(EG) 3 -DVIm]Br 2 ). The swelling abilities of PILs in various solvents were measured, and PILs could swell in methanol (MeOH). The swelling ability of PILs in MeOH could be modulated by changing the cross-linker content and chain length of 3-alkyl-substituents on imidazolium. The swollen state of PILs in MeOH presented a porous cross-linked network structure observed by the cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM). The swelling PILs were used to catalyze the transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) and MeOH to prepare the DMC, and the catalytic activities was correlated with the swelling abilities of PILs. The PIL with 3-butyl-substituent and 2.5 mol% cross-linker (poly[VBIm-VBA-DVIm]-2.5%) had the highest swelling ratio ( Q = 12.4 (g/g)) in MeOH and EC mixed solvents and exhibited excellent catalytic activities, which was similar to corresponding homogeneous ionic liquid. Furthermore, the catalyst could be reused up to seven runs without any considerable loss of its initial activity.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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DOI
Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis
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2019
·Vol. 127
·期 2
·715-726
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IF 1.428
Zhang Wei-Hong,Zhou Yu-Chen,Du Chen-Hui,Gao Min,Liu Shan-Shan,Liu Ping,Li Yong-Xin
A basic ionic liquid containing aminopropylimidazolium moiety and OH ‒ anion was immobilized on silane-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) by a condensation process, followed by an anion-exchange reaction. The properties of the resulting GO-[Ap-im]OH material were characterized using extensive techniques including FTIR, XPS, AFM, TGA, etc. The material could be used as a transesterification catalyst, affording the expected ester products in good yields under mild reaction conditions. This GO-[Ap-im]OH material with amino groups shows higher activity than GO-[Ap-im]Cl without amino groups. Furthermore, this catalyst could easily be separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and recycled at least 6 times without a noticeable decrease in the catalytic activity. The prominent performance of GO-[Ap-im]OH is attributed to the enhanced basicity of combining amine groups and OH ‒ anions as well as less mass-transfer resistance of laminar GO.
研究领域:
催化化学
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材料化学
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有机合成
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绿色化学
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纳米材料
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DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
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2018
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IF 6.377
Hui Li,Fengsheng Liu,Xiaoling Ma,Zhongjie Wu,Yan Li,Linhua Zhang,Shoujun Zhou,Yaxin Helian
Strontium oxide (SrO) is restricted by poor reusability and pore structure in catalyzing transesterification for biodiesel production. To address this problem, metal organic frameworks is employed as a carrier to support strontium carbonate by mechanical mixing method (MM) and in situ titration method (ST), and then calcined under inert atmosphere to obtain the catalyst of MM–SrO and ST–SrO. As a comparison, the reusability of pure SrO is compared and the homogeneous contribution of leached active sites for ST–SrO and MM–SrO are also assessed. The catalysts are characterized by TG, XRD, FTIR, EDS, Hammett indicator titration, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and VSM. From the catalyst reusability, MM–SrO exhibits the excellent performance, where the maximum conversion of 96.19% is achieved at molar ratio of methanol to oil 12, catalyst addition 8 wt% (refer to oil), reaction temperature 65 °C within 30 min. And the conversion of 82.49% is still obtained at the third cycle, which could be easily separated from the mixture by external magnetic field after each cycle as well. In order to optimize the activation condition and investigate MM–SrO deeply, thermal characteristics of its corresponding precursor are further evaluated, where the TG experiments are conducted at heating rate of 20, 30, and 40 °C/min. and kinetic parameters are calculated through model–free method and Avrami theory, respectively.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化材料
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高影响因子
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
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2024
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IF 4.3
Xue Ye,Junyu Xia,Han Han,Chenxi Bai,Xinhua Gao,Jinghao Yu,Wenlin Xu,Lisheng Guo,Jie Li
It is important to enhance the basicity of solid catalysts for the application of heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate. Notably, the role of the carrier in the supported solid base catalyst cannot be ignored. Herein, the catalyst (named 1.0Ca/g-C 3 N 4 (M)), prepared by one-step thermal polymerization , achieved a yield of 68.4 % and a selectivity of 96.8 % for DMC and maintained its performance after four consecutive cycles at 130 °C. It could be seen from the characterization that the amino group on the surface of the carrier, as an electron pushing group, endowed the Ca connected at its end with more abundant valence electrons, so that the catalyst exhibited a higher alkalinity. This study provides a new reference for the development of multiphase catalysts in transesterification reactions.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化
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材料科学
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高影响因子
MATERIALS & DESIGN
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2026
·
IF 8.2
Yu Huang,Xingping Zuo,Jinhan Wang,Weixing Xu,Yunhang Zeng,Bi Shi,Jian Zhou
A novel strategy using rice husk fibers to prepare biobased vitrimer was established. • Intrinsic fibrous structure of rice husk cellulose is partially retained in vitrimer. • Retained fibrous structure improves strength and thermal stability. • After catalyst-free regeneration, vitrimer exhibits enhanced strength retention. • This strategy offers advantages in cost efficiency and biomass content. Bio-based vitrimers have gained considerable attention for their potential to replace fossil derived plastics, address end-of-life recycling issues through dynamic covalent chemistry, and ultimately align materials science with sustainable development principles. However, conventional bio-based vitrimers necessitate the complete depolymerization of natural polymers into small-molecule precursors, disrupting the native supramolecular architecture that underpins their mechanical performance. This study introduces a strategy that preserves the intrinsic fibrous structure of rice husk cellulose to create high-performance, reprocessable vitrimers. Rice husk fibers were activated via steam explosion-alkaline treatment and functionalized through in-situ esterification to incorporate acetyl and phthaloyl groups, while largely preserving the polymerization degree. Crosslinking with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether generated a β-hydroxyester dynamic network. In contrast to a control vitrimer made from cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) small molecules, the fiber-reinforced vitrimer (ERH-Vitrimer) exhibited superior mechanical properties and thermal stability, owing to the preserved cellulose framework. The ERH-Vitrimer demonstrated reprocessability without external catalyst addition, maintaining over 90% of its tensile strength after 5 cycles, significantly outperforming CAP-Vitrimer, in addition to offering advantages in cost efficiency and biomass content. This work thus demonstrates that preserving native supramolecular structures in bio-based vitrimers leads to a combination of enhanced thermal stability, mechanical robustness, and sustainable reprocessability. Download: Download high-res image (189KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2026
·
IF 10.1
Dianqiang Li,Sitong Liu,Shengli Niu,Yie Hua Tan,Yue Zheng,Xin Li,Kemeng Li,Yujie Wei,Jiayao Wang,Yujia Liu
The production of biodiesel as a renewable liquid fuel faces two major constraints, the high energy consumption of conventional thermal transesterification and the challenge of reusing catalysts. This study presents a synergistic system coupling the acid-base and magnetic trifunctional NaOH/FAU@Fe 3 O 4 catalyst with electrolytic transesterification for biodiesel production, using acidified palm oil as the feedstock. FAU-type zeolites were first synthesized from fly ash via an alkali fusion-hydrothermal method, followed by Fe 3 O 4 incorporation and NaOH loading to obtain the trifunctional catalyst. The catalyst was characterized to reveal its physicochemical properties and synergistic interactions with the substrate molecules in the electrolytic transesterification reaction. Further, response surface methodology with central composite design (RSM-CCD) was employed to optimize the electrolytic transesterification parameters. A biodiesel yield of 98.15% was achieved under the optimal conditions (methanol to oil molar ratio of 7:1, catalyst dosage of 2.9 wt%, reaction duration of 2 h and input voltage of 48 V). Notably, the synergistic system exhibits strong acid resistance and acceptable reusability, enabling efficient conversion of low-quality feedstocks. Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel met ASTM standards, confirming the suitability of the synergistic system for biodiesel production.
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高影响因子
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
·
2024
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IF 5.5
Yueyue He,Huaigang Cheng,Zihe Pan,Xiangping Zhang
Heterogeneous catalysts can avoid the problem of difficult separation and recovery of homogeneous catalysts in transesterification reactions, but there is a lack of basis for process optimization because the quantitative influence mechanism of supports is not clear. In this work, we firstly attempt to make a comprehensive comparation on the effect of potassium fluoride (KF) catalysts on various supports (carbonates and oxides of cerium, magnesium and calcium) on the transesterification reaction, especially on the kinetics. According to the results, oxide-supported catalysts are significantly more active than carbonate-supported catalysts because they have more active sites. When oxides were used as supports, KF/MgO exhibited good activity because of its stronger basicity and higher number of active sites on the surface. Under the same process conditions, the stability time of KF/CeO 2 , KF/CaO and KF/MgO catalysed transesterification reaction was 240 min, 90 min and 30 min, respectively. KF/MgO achieved a conversion of 68.0 %. The activation energies of the KF/CeO 2 , KF/CaO and KF/MgO catalysed transesterification reaction were 22.22 kJ/mol, 15.93 kJ/mol and 15.80 kJ/mol, respectively. The surface alkalinity of KF/MgO increased the frequency of molecular collisions of the reactants and exhibited a faster reaction rate.
研究领域:
催化化学
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材料科学
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反应工程学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Jinxia Wang,Shuiqing He,Hong Yuan
BACKGROUND A solid acid (SPEI–EN–OHCMs) having dendritic –NH 2 groups was prepared via oxidation of hydrothermal carbon microspheres (OHCMs) followed by a condensation reaction with the –NH 2 groups of polyethyleneimine and sulfonation. The mechanism by which –COOH groups on the surfaces of OHCMs reacted with these –NH 2 groups was assessed using density functional theory (DFT). RESULT Activation using a combination of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N -hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was found to promote the formation of amide bonds such that –NH 2 groups were bonded to the microsphere surfaces. This effect provided more bonding sites for –SO 3 H groups. The DFT results indicated that the energy barrier on the potential energy surface in the presence of EDC and NHS was lowered by 18.1 kcal mol −1 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses also confirmed the introduction of –NH 2 groups followed by –SO 3 H groups onto the surfaces of the OHCMs. The concentration of surface acid sites on SPEI–EN–OHCMs was found to be as high as 11.8 mmol g −1 . Thermogravimetric data and elemental analysis results showed that the –SO 3 H groups on the SPEI–EN–OHCM surfaces were thermally stable below 180 °C. CONCLUSION The SPEI–EN–OHCMs catalyst was used to promote the transesterification reaction of waste frying oil with methanol. A trial with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 10:1 at 110 °C for 4 h gave a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 92.3%. After four reuses, an SPEI–EN–OHCMs specimen provided a FAME yield of 54.3%. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化材料
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理论化学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）