JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
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2025
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IF 6.5
Wenli Zhang,Xu Han,Xianhong Zheng,Yi Yang,Zhiqi Zhao,Haiwei Yang,Yi Zhang,Chengbo Du,Zongqian Wang,Qingbo Xu,Changlong Li,Peng Wang
Solar-driven photocatalysis is inherently limited by its diurnal discontinuity. Herein, we report a V 2 O 5 /g-C 3 N 4 /Ti 3 C 2 triadic composite that transcends this limitation via a “micro proton-battery-like” mechanism, enabling round-the-clock catalytic activity. The optimized composite achieves 93.9 % tetracycline degradation under visible light and, remarkably, maintains 64.1 % efficiency in the dark. This is underpinned by an 8-fold higher electron storage capacity (0.16 μmol/mg) than pristine g-C 3 N 4 , achieved via reversible V 5+ /V 4+ redox transitions. DFT calculations corroborate charge localization in V 3d orbitals during the light-driven “charging” phase and subsequent Ti 3 C 2 -mediated electron release for ·O 2 − generation in the dark. This work establishes a groundbreaking paradigm that unifies photocatalysis with electrochemical energy storage for persistent environmental remediation.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Guanjian He,Yujiang Fan,Qiang Niu,Gelimei Zhang,Fenghui Wu,Dandan Chen,Chun Lv,Jie He,Haiying Lin,Minjie He
Elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) removal from coal combustion flue gas remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the limited uptake capacity and slow capture rate of commercial sorbents. Herein, the flower-like heterojunctions comprising ZIF-67-derived CoSe 2 uniformly dispersed in the layered g-C 3 N 4 (xCoSe 2 -CN), which were innovatively synthesized through an in-situ growth method followed by thermal selenization. The optimized 4CoSe 2 -CN exhibited exceptional Hg 0 capture performance, with an equilibrium capacity of 32.44 mg/g and an average rate of 10.47 μg/g/min, surpassing the most reported heterojunction materials. Furthermore, the satisfactory Hg 0 removal efficiency (>99 %) was maintained over a broad temperature window (25–140 °C) and under complex flue gas components. Notably, the sorbent demonstrated excellent recyclability, sustaining an average Hg 0 capture rate exceeding 90 % throughout five consecutive adsorption-regeneration cycles. The superior performance primarily originated from the heterojunction structure and the presence of under-coordinated selenide (Se 2 2− ). Interfacial electron redistribution modulated the electronic structure of CoSe 2 , inducing an upshift of d/p band centers and a reduced ∆ d-p band center gap, thereby significantly enhancing Hg 0 oxidation capability. Moreover, the Se 2 2− sites functioned as the dominant active centers for oxidizing Hg 0 to Hg 2+ and as binding sites for Hg 2+ to form HgSe. This work proposes an innovative strategy for designing MOF-derived heterojunction sorbents with modulated electronic structures to enable efficient Hg 0 capture.
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 5.2
Jiaqi Yu,Shiwen Wang,Minghong Xie,Qiong Wu,Qing Shu
To overcome rapid charge recombination, a direct Z -scheme Zn 3 V 2 O 8 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction was designed, thus boosting photocatalytic performance. A suite of composite photocatalysts, with meticulously tuned Zn 3 V 2 O 8 mass ratios (x = 40, 60, and 80 wt%), were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. Comprehensive characterization, including XRD, SEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL spectroscopy, and photo-electro-chemical measurements confirmed the formation of intimate interfacial contact between Zn 3 V 2 O 8 and g-C 3 N 4 . This tailored interfacial architecture effectively promotes visible-light absorption and facilitates the separation and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers. Notably, the Zn 3 V 2 O 8 (60 wt%)/g-C 3 N 4 composite achieved 91% degradation of RhB within 120 min under simulated solar irradiation, substantially outperforming pristine g-C 3 N 4 (57%). Radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy identified superoxide radicals ( O 2 − ) and holes (h + ) as the primary active species. Based on these findings, a direct Z -scheme charge transfer mechanism is proposed, wherein photoinduced electrons in the conduction band of Zn 3 V 2 O 8 recombine with holes in the valence band of g-C 3 N 4 . This synergistic recombination pathway preserves the most energetic electrons in g-C 3 N 4 and holes in Zn 3 V 2 O 8 , endowing the system with strong redox capacity for the simultaneous generation of O 2 − and OH radicals, which collaboratively drive the efficient degradation of RhB. This study provides a rational design framework for constructing high-performance g-C 3 N 4 -based Z -scheme photocatalytic systems.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 13.2
Rong Ma,Xiaochun Tao,Shuo Li,Chenglong Chen,Qinqin Liu,Shaosheng Rao,Juan Yang
Two-dimensional (2D/2D) heterojunction photocatalysts hold great promise for solar-driven antibacterial disinfection owing to their unique interfacial architectures and tunable electronic properties. However, insufficient interfacial electronic coupling and ineffective charge separation still hinder their practical performance. Here, a sulfur-doped g-C 3 N 4 /Ti 3 C 2 Tx-MXene (SCN/MXene) 2D/2D heterojunction is rationally designed to enable efficient charge separation and transfer, delivering superior solar-driven antibacterial activity with remarkable stability. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that sulfur doping modulates the electronic structure of g-C 3 N 4 , elevates its Fermi level, and strengthens interfacial electronic coupling with Ti 3 C 2 Tx-MXene, thereby enhancing the built-in electric field and facilitating charge transfer across the interface. Moreover, S-doping induces interfacial charge redistribution, enhancing O 2 adsorption and activation at Ti sites and thereby accelerating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, SCN/MXene achieves nearly complete inactivation of Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus within 60 min under solar irradiation, outperforming most of the state-of-the-art photocatalysts.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
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2026
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IF 4.6
Ya Zou,Mei Chen,Qingzhi Liu,Kezhen Qi,Jieli He
This study reports the successful synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C 3 N 4 QDs) that demonstrate remarkable fluorescence properties and excellent dispersion through a hydrothermal method. Leveraging the specific fluorescence quenching effect of ag + on g-C 3 N 4 QDs together with the strong chelating affinity of glutathione (GSH) for ag + , a novel “on–off–on” fluorescence sensing platform was developed to enable sequential and highly sensitive detection of both ag + and GSH. This probe exhibited outstanding sensitivity, anti-interference ability, and selectivity with detection limits of 0.0114 μM for ag + and 0.3916 μM for GSH. Mechanistic studies revealed that the fluorescence “off” state was mainly governed by a photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) effect, with additional contributions from the internal filtering effect (IFE). Conversely, the fluorescence “on” state was restored when GSH coordinated with ag + , thereby blocking the PET pathway and recovering the intrinsic fluorescence of g-C₃N₄ QDs. Furthermore, spiked-recovery experiments in real water and serum samples yielded satisfactory results, demonstrating the sensor's strong practical applicability and providing a reliable analytical approach for environmental monitoring and biomedical analysis
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 5.1
Shifeng Ji,Zhuo Li,Yunqing Xing,Nan Yao,Yingjie Zhang,Changbing Ye,Guohua Wang,Maogang Hu,Chunmei Gao
Heterojunction-structured graphitic carbon nitride@bismuth oxyiodide (g-C 3 N 4 @BiOI) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) to elucidate their microstructure, chemical composition, and optical properties. Subsequently, a highly efficient UV/g-C₃N₄@BiOI/H₂O₂ photocatalytic system was developed for the rapid degradation of diethylenetriamine (DETA). Under optimal conditions (initial pH 10.3, 0.4 mL/L H₂O₂, and 0.06 g/L 50 wt% g-C₃N₄@BiOI), the system achieved 95% DETA removal within 30 min under UV irradiation. Notably, cyclic degradation tests coupled with post-characterization revealed the exceptional stability and reusability of the g-C₃N₄@BiOI nanocomposite. Mechanistic studies through radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed •OH as the primary reactive species. Furthermore, the degradation pathways were elucidated by combining Gaussian 09 W theoretical calculations with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Finally, the toxicity evaluation model was established by toxicity evaluation software, and the experiments of mung bean germination and zebra fish egg incubation verified the effective detoxification of DETA solution after photocatalytic treatment.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
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2019
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IF 4.63
Waheed Iqbal,Bo Yang,Xu Zhao,Muhammad Waqas,Muhammad Rauf,Chongqi Guo,Jinlong Zhang,Yanping Mao
Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) displays benign photocatalytic properties for contaminants photodegradation under visible photoirradiation. Devising a simple modification strategy for the improved photocatalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 has always been desired. Herein, we report a spherical worm-like g-C 3 N 4 nanostructure via facile ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) gaseous bubbles templating approach. This strategy employing ALS as gaseous bubbles templating agent bestowed not only g-C 3 N 4 with improved specific surface areas, a porous structure with more exposed photocatalytic reactive sites and mass diffusion of reactants molecules, but also rendered extended optical absorption range and suppression of the photoinduced charge carriers recombination. As a result, the ALS-mediated g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts unfolded excellent photocatalytic performance regarding photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol under visible photoirradiation. Additionally, the quenching effects of various scavengers proved that the holes (h + ) and superoxide anions ( O 2 − ) radicals were the main active species responsible for ameliorated photocatalytic performance for rhodamine B and phenol photodegradation. Our work offers a straightforward approach for developing high-performance metal free photocatalysts with great potential for environmental remediation.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2026
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IF 8.4
Xiangmei Wang,Huimin Zhang,Pengru Chen,Chuntao Chen,Dongping Sun,Xin Xiao,Bo Pang
With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the removal of organic pollutants from water has emerged as a significant challenge. To overcome the limitations of traditional g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts, including a wide bandgap and high carrier recombination rate, this study successfully synthesized chlorine-doped carbon nitride (ClCN) via an ammonium chloride pyrolysis self-doping method. The reduction in work function significantly improved charge separation efficiency, while the p orbitals of Cl introduced new energy levels near the valence band, facilitating electron delocalization and enhancing carrier migration. Experimental results demonstrated that the degradation efficiencies of Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by the optimized 3ClCN sample reached 99.8 % (k = 0.11465 min −1 ) and 82.5 % (k = 0.03179 min −1 ), respectively, markedly surpassing those of pristine g-C 3 N 4 . Cycling tests confirmed the excellent structural stability of the material, and active species trapping experiments indicated that h + and ·O 2 − played dominant roles in the degradation process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that chlorine doping effectively narrowed the bandgap, thereby extending the visible light absorption range. Furthermore, the 3ClCN catalyst exhibited robust adaptability in complex water matrices, offering a highly efficient and stable solution for green water treatment technologies.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 3.9
Fang Junfei,Liu Lei,Yang Hang,Sun Yulong,Feng Rui,Li Liang,Deng Jianping,Gou Yuchun
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a material with a graphite-like layered structure. Due to its non-toxic and harmless nature, stable performance, and visible light response capability, g-C 3 N 4 holds significant application prospects in the field of photocatalysis. In this study, the Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 was coupled with g-C 3 N 4 to construct a heterojunction structure, and the photocatalytic degradation performance of the g-C 3 N 4 /Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 heterojunction materials on organic dye pollutants was investigated. Firstly, the g-C 3 N 4 /Sb 2 S 3 composite samples were prepared using a hydrothermal reaction. Subsequently, the g-C 3 N 4 /Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 heterojunction structures were constructed through selenization, and then they were used in the efficient photocatalytic degradation process of organic pollutants methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). The results indicate that due to the formation of the heterojunction structure, the light absorption performance of the g-C 3 N 4 /Sb 2 S 3 and g-C 3 N 4 /Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 composite materials is significantly strengthened, and the separation ability of the photo-generated carriers is remarkably improved. Therefore, compared with pure g-C 3 N 4 , the photocatalytic degradation activity of the composite system on MB and RhB is outstandingly enhanced. Furthermore, after partially replacing S with Se through selenization, the resulting heterojunction structure exhibits stronger photocatalytic degradation performance. For example, the 4-GSe sample obtained at a selenization temperature of 140 °C can achieve a degradation rate of 96% for MB within 60 min and a degradation rate of 95% for RhB within 90 min. Moreover, the prepared heterojunction structure can still maintain excellent photocatalytic degradation activity even in complex dye wastewater. This study offers innovative insights for the development of high-performance photocatalysts capable of efficiently degrading complex organic dye wastewater.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.7
Ruxue Ma,Yi Xiong,Fuyou Wang,Zhihao Chen,Xinxin Guan,Xiucheng Zheng
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) is promising in boosting H 2 O 2 photosynthesis at present, but facing huge challenges due to the limitations of common CN (e.g. small specific surface area, low absorption coefficient, and fast recombination of photoinduced carriers). To overcome these drawbacks, herein, the novel type-II heterojunctions are successfully constructed from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN, abbreviated as BN), melamine, and KCl with the one-pot calcination method. The molten salt effect of KCl and the hard template effect of BN optimize the interlayer spacing, porosity and structural uniformity of CN, thus optimizing the adsorption and photocatalytic properties. Moreover, the constructed heterostructure between BN and modified CN further favors the photoinduced charge transfer. Hence, the resulting composites afford exciting photocatalytic H 2 O 2 synthesis performance. Particularly, catalyzed by MCN/BN-2, the H 2 O 2 production rate is separately 1515.05 μmol g −1 h −1 and 3382.17 μmol g −1 h −1 irradiated by visible light and the simulated solar light, which are significantly higher than those over MCN, BN, and most of CN-based materials previously reported. The results of band potential analyses, relevant radical scavenging experiments, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance measurements verify that the photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production over MCN/BN-2 by using 10 vol% EtOH solution is predominantly through the two-step single-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. Also, the one-step two-electron ORR involves in H 2 O 2 formation. This work not only develops a novel broad-spectrum responsive metal-free photocatalyst, but also enriches the deep understanding of the roles played by molten salt engineering and heterostructure in photocatalysis.
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ACS Sensors
·
2026
·
IF 10.9
Zhang Ziqiang,Yang Ruiming,Zhao Linfeng,Wang Jiabao,Wang Zhipeng,Yang Bowen,Zhang Yanlin,Zhang Yeguang,Fang Fang,Wang Peng,Li Feihu,Zhan Zili
Developing gas sensors that achieve high sensitivity, a low detection limit, and superior selectivity continues to be a critical challenge for the detection of acetone in exhaled breath. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are extensively utilized in chemiresistive gas sensors, largely because of their distinguished gas sensing performance and tunable physicochemical properties. However, unmodified MOS nanostructures are prone to aggregation and lack an effective mechanism for efficient charge separation, thus exhibiting the features of limited specific surface area, low porosity, and sluggish charge migration rate, which deteriorates gas sensing performance. In this study, we employed the impregnation method and sacrificial template method to prepare a three-dimensional inverse opal (3DIO) WO 3 composite loaded with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ). This composite shows outstanding acetone sensing capability. Specifically, it achieves a response of 7.33 at 10 ppm, a detection limit of 65 ppb, favorable selectivity, and reliable stability. Such superior sensing behavior benefits greatly from the synergistic effect of abundant active sites endowed by its unique 3D ordered macroporous structure and accelerated interfacial charge transfer from the n-n heterojunction formed between WO 3 and g-C 3 N 4 . Consequently, the construction of WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 composites with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous architecture offers a promising strategy for real-time and accurate acetone detection, as well as for the development of portable breath analysis sensors.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Liuqing Yang,Zhuoting Xiong,Haowen Zou,Bin Zhao,WingKei Ho,Dingze Lu
Improving the efficiency of nitric oxide (NO) removal while reducing the formation of toxic nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a challenge. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain regarding the distinct roles of carbon versus nitrogen vacancies in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) in governing the oxidation pathway. In this study, g-C 3 N 4 enriched with carbon or nitrogen vacancies, along with the corresponding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-supported composite films, are prepared. The adsorptions and anchoring of NO and its intermediates are significantly enhanced by the carbon vacancies. Despite a high free energy barrier of the conversion from nitrite to nitrate, the strong anchoring suppresses the release of gaseous NO 2 . The formation of Nitrogen vacancies gives rise to polarization of the spin, leading to a significant negative displacement of the potential of the conduction band and increased carrier lifetime along with a considerable decrease in the barrier for the conversion of nitrite to nitrate. This mechanism leads to enhanced reaction flux that will improve deep oxidation. The incorporation of these materials into the PVDF film greatly enhances performance and provides reusability. This work elucidates the distinct mechanisms by which carbon and nitrogen vacancies regulate NO oxidation, providing a theoretical basis for designing efficient and selective air purification materials.
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