JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 45
·e54651
·
IF 3
Yiling Qian,Tianyun Wan,Huihuang Ma,Shizheng Qin,Yi Wang,Xiaodong Zhou
Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composite is found extensive application in various industries. Efforts have been made to enhance the interfacial binding between the resin and fibers. Herein, we report a green CF surface modification suspension coating method that could resist high process temperature by optimizing the stability of the aqueous suspension, which contains PEEK resin particles and a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol monostearate (stPEG). The optimized suspension (PEEK: SDS mass ratio= 5:1) that can meet around 500°C process requirement was then used to improve the physical interfacial binding between CF and PEEK. Based on the suspension colloidal stability, the process was optimized by tensile tests of the CF/PEEK monofilaments. The results show that the colloidal stability of the PEEK aqueous suspension with a total solid content of 20 wt.% containing stPEG-SDS (stPEG: SDS mass ratio= 1:2) surfactant blend (PEEK: stPEG-SDS mass ratio= 5:1) reached the optimum at a stirring rate of 750 rpm. The maximum tensile strength of the CF/PEEK monofilaments reached ~4.968 GPa at a coating diameter of 8.54 μm. This PEEK aqueous suspension provides a non-toxic, environmentally friendly and high temperature resistant aqueous material to produce high-performance fiber reinforced PEEK composites.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 46
·e54686
·
IF 3
Xiaoyun Ma,Xin Lu,Manlin Yuan,Hao Lin,Xinyi Pan,Shiao-Wei Kuo,Zhong Xin
The rapid development of integrated circuits puts forward higher requirements for low dielectric constant polymers. In this study, two fluorinated benzoxazine monomers, bis-(3,4-dihydro-3-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2H-1,3-benzoxazine)isopropane (BA-ftfa) and bis-(3,4-dihydro-3-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2H-1,3-benzoxazine)isoperfluoropropane (BAF-ftfa), were successfully synthesized. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to monitor the thermal curing behaviors of the monomers and their mixtures. Five groups of polybenzoxazine samples with different fluorine content (25% ~ 35%) were obtained by copolymerizing the two monomers with different mass ratios. The effects of fluorine content on dielectric properties were investigated and the results show that PBAF-ftfa with the highest fluorine content has the lowest dielectric constant of 2.53 at 1 MHz. Furthermore, the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that all polymers possess excellent thermal stability and exhibit high glass transition temperatures over than 180°C.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 45
·e54643
·
IF 3
Jing Chen,Bengang Li,Xiaofeng Ma,Shuai Zhou,Qun Gu,Hua Bian,Zhenyang Luo
The flexibility and functionality of conductive hydrogels are crucial to applications under various scenarios and complex environments. Due to single functionality and weakness in mechanical properties, the application of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable devices remains a challenge. In this study, lignin-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (LPAA) was incorporated into acrylamide (AM)/sodium chloride (NaCl) solution to fabricate composite conductive hydrogels. NaCl enhanced the conductivity of hydrogels. The hydrogen-bond crosslinking network was formed by adding LPAA into the hydrogel, which enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel (the tensile strength was 96 kPa and the compressive strength was 0.54 MPa). With LPAA added, the adhesion of hydrogels was improved to 11.3 kPa on glass, 14.2 kPa on plastic, and 17.3 kPa on metal. LPAA also provided excellent UV shielding ability (99.95%) for hydrogels while maintaining good transparency. The conductive hydrogels with good sensitivity (Gauge Factor = 2.51, 100%–500%) and stability can be used as strain sensors for monitoring physical activity. It is expected to be a candidate material for future flexible wearable electronic devices.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 46
·e54674
·
IF 3
Yingting Yin,Mao Feng,Wei Li,Jinbo Yao,Jiarong Niu
To improve the flame retardancy and solid content of waterborne polyurethane (WPU), AOT, and AOD series of WPU were synthesized and characterized. Carboxylic acid/nonionic composite units were used as hydrophilic groups, and OP550/THPO and OP550/DOPO-HQ combinations were used as flame retardant modifiers, respectively. The results revealed that the flame retardant-modified WPU emulsions still had excellent dispersion, stability, and fluidity. The UL-94 rating of modified WPU could reach V-0, and the AOD series samples had better flame retardancy than the AOT series, where AO 10 D 3 -WPU containing 3% DOPO-HQ had an limiting oxygen index value up to 30.5%. Besides, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of AO 10 D 3 -WPU were respectively decreased by 32% and 34%, compared with the control sample in the conical calorimetric test. The TGA, TG-IR, and SEM-EDS exhibited that the flame retardants functioned in the condensed phase by promoting carbon formation. The tensile strength of AOT series samples was excellent with a range of 15.84–27.47 MPa, while the elongation at break of AOD series samples was relatively high with a distribution of 850.8%–913.11%, which could be selected to suit the needs of different application scenarios.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 141
·期 9
·e55028
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IF 3
Haowei Huang,Liangliang Wu,Gang Wang,Xianjun Wang,Yunchuan Xie
Safe building structures cannot be achieved without reliable waterproofing engineering. To address the susceptibility of concrete materials to water leakage, a low-viscosity stearic acid emulsion has been developed as a waterproofing agent for mortar. By introducing lauric acid, the formation of stearic acid crystals in water could be effectively prevented, resulting in a stearic acid emulsion with a viscosity of only 24 mPa·s. It is found that the best overall performance was achieved when the ratio (R) of lauric acid to stearic acid was 2/3. This emulsion has the least effect on mortar fluidity and setting time. The as-prepared modified mortar possessed the highest compressive strength (127% of the blank) and the lowest water absorption at 48 h (37% of the blank). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size analysis, and water contact angle measurements were used to investigate the mechanism of stearic acid emulsion's modification. It is determined that the stearic acid emulsions successfully modified the internal and external hydrophobicity of the mortar by chemical action with calcium hydroxide.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 141
·期 13
·e55139
·
IF 3
Shi Feng,Zhihan Liu,Jing Yang,Yuwei Liu,Meiling Yan,Xu Xiang
Hydrogels have broad application prospects, but the measurement of their mechanical properties often lacks stability. This study investigates the mechanical properties of hydrogels, with a specific focus on the influence of sample geometry on the tensile-fracture testing results. In the process of stretching the hydrogel along its length, increasing the width and thickness will result in uneven stress distribution. When the width of PAM hydrogel is three times that of initial sample (5 mm of width), the elastic modulus, maximum stress, and maximum strain of PAM hydrogel are reduced by about 16.8%, 69.2%, and 26.5%, respectively. Similarly, compared to the initial sample (1 mm of thickness), the elastic modulus of the triple thickness sample was reduced by about 6.5%, the maximum stress was reduced by 31%, and the maximum strain was reduced by 18.3%. In contrast, increasing the length of the hydrogel can improve the tensile properties of the hydrogel. Finite element calculations support these findings that the size increase in the loading direction improves the stress dispersion uniformity. These results indicate that the shape (length, width and thickness) of the hydrogel sample affects the tensile properties of the hydrogel and should be paid attention in related studies.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2023
·Vol. 141
·期 12
·e55129
·
IF 3
Hanyu Ren,Andi Guo,Wentang Wang,Chunhui Luo
As a load-bearing tissue, natural cartilages possess a compressive stress above 50 MPa, a water content around 60%, and a friction coefficient (FC) less than 0.1, which remains difficult for synthetic materials to realize. Herein, a facile strategy was reported to achieve this goal. The hydrogel was obtained through a three-step strategy from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), lecithin (LS), and deionized water. First, freezing–thawing the aqueous solution of PVA and CS three times generated the precursor gel. Second, immersing it in aqueous solution of CMC-Na to form multiple linkages (hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and crystallize domains). Third, it was coated with LS to form a lubrication layer. Due to the synergy of dynamic interactions, the compressive stress was 115 MPa, superior to most tough hydrogels. Owing to existence of LS, the FC was 0.03, better than the requirement for artificial cartilage. Remarkably, the FC remained stable within 50,000 wear cycles. On account of the reversible break/reformation of physical linkages, the creep recovery efficiency was 93%. The raw materials are all biocompatible and the fabrication process exclude the adoption of toxic additives. All of these features make it an ideal material for cartilage replacement.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 141
·期 12
·e55123
·
IF 3
Xu Han,Wenke Li,Yumei Ji,Lianfeng Wu,Yike Yang,Feng Liu
Polysulfide adhesives are often subjected to breakage or even fracture caused by highly loaded vibrations and large deformations from the wing, limiting their practical use in aircraft fuel tanks. Inserting polyurethanes into liquid polysulfide systems is a viable approach to strengthening their mechanical properties and avoiding nonuniform dispersion of the curing agent. In this contribution, a series of sulfur-containing curing agents were prepared by liquid polysulfide and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercapto propionate) (TMPMP) to minimize the effect of the polysulfide-urea (-NHCOS-) groups on water resistance. Subsequently, the two-component polysulfide adhesives were successfully synthesized via the prepolymerization method, and their chemical structure, mechanical properties, and solvent resistance were systematically evaluated. As expected, the large introduction of sulfur linkages and -NHCOS- groups provided excellent oil resistance and strong mechanical properties for polysulfide adhesives. Notably, Samples 2-4 exhibited the highest tensile strength of 1.11 ± 0.02 MPa, the greatest shear strength of 1.87 ± 0.04 MPa, and the best hardness of 81 ± 2 Shore A, with 122.0%, 523.3%, and 170.0% improvement over the control, respectively. Furthermore, the oil absorption rate of all samples was less than 3.0%, and their tensile strength remained almost unchanged after 30 days of immersion than before. We believe our paradigm can provide a valuable guideline for designing high-performance polysulfide adhesives.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 22
·50519
·
IF 3.125
Wei Wang,Peng Zhang,Yaping Shi,Zhichao Zhang,Xin Xu,Ping Ding
The composite membrane with the advantages of high separation efficiency and wide application, has been widely concerned in the field of water purification and molecular separation. However, the common composite membrane cannot achieve continuity, or the grafting process is complex, which significantly hinders its further development. In this work, the in-situ polymerization of UiO-66/PVDF supramolecular flat membranes as the continuous and high-performance composite membrane can be easily synthesized using the supramolecular force, (such as, hydrogen bond, etc.). These supramolecular membranes exhibit good hydrophilic (61°) and anti-fouling performance for bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution with rejection rate 97.79% than the original membrane. Moreover, this membrane can achieve more MOF doping based on maintaining the membrane performance, which undoubtedly greatly improves its hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. In addition, we also characterized the porous microstructure of the UiO-66/PVDF supramolecular membrane to analyze the influence of different doping amounts on the membrane structure. This supramolecular membrane has the advantages of simple synthesis, good hydrophilicity and water separation performance, which provides a more convenient and effective way for the preparation of MOFs/polymer flat membrane, and also provides a new method and new idea for expanding the application of MOFs/polymer ultrafiltration membrane in water treatment.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 24
·50580
·
IF 3.125
Dandan Zhang,Jilu Li,Hongmei Xie,Aoqi Zhu,Yiting Xu,Birong Zeng,Weiang Luo,Lizong Dai
Compared with the single polymer micelle system, the polyion complex micellar system is consisted of two or more polymers with different composition, which has more flexible structural adjustment and better performance, making them widely used in drug control release. In this work, two azobenzene-based amphiphilic copolymers P (MMA- co -PEGMA- co -NIPAM- co -HAZOMA) with ionized carboxyl and P (MMA- co -PEGMA- co -NIPAM- co -NNAZOMA) with protonated tertiary amine group were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. We studied self-assembled behavior of polymers and multi-component polymers, including their multiple responsiveness and the encapsulation, controlled release properties of polyion complex micelle. Light, pH, temperature, and reduction responsiveness of three micelles were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and dynamic light scattering. Compared to RCP 1, and RCP 2, RCP 1/RCP 2 micelle can release Nile red in both acidic and alkaline environment. When temperature reached critical solution temperature, RCP 1/RCP 2 micelle would release Nile red faster. Polyion complex micelle had better release performance compared to single micelles at the same environment, and could release in a wider range pH, making it had more potential applications in biological science field.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 25
·50588
·
IF 3.125
Zongwei Guo,Zice Xu,Zhiqiang Dong,Mengjie Zhang,Zhiyuan Chi,Ming Li,Lei Shang,Yuhui Ao
Vanillin, a rigid compound can be separated from lignin, is a promising sustainable candidate for industrial and high performance polymers, while synthesis of hexa-epoxies is challenging. Meanwhile, carbon fiber reinforced bio-based polymers combining high performance are more difficult to be achieved because of the contradictions of liquidity and high rigidity in the polymer structure and performance. In this paper, a novel hexa-epoxy functionalized bio-based epoxy resin (HPVIGEP) with a multi-arm star structure, which simultaneously reduced the viscosity and improved thermo-mechanical properties. The rheological behavior analysis results of HPVIGEP indicated that the viscosity was 3406.9 mPa·s at 25°C, which dramatically decreased by 75.8% compared to DGEBA (14,096 mPa·s), leading to excellent processability and adaptability. At the same time, the study on mechanical properties revealed that the cured HPVIGEP manifested 30.6%, 33.7% and 49.0% in higher tensile strength, tensile modulus and storage modulus (30°C) than of cured commercial epoxy, respectively. The tensile strength and flexural strength of carbon fiber composites which were applied HPVIGEP were increased by 9.3% and 10.9%, respectively. In a word, this work provides the promise for the application of environmentally friendly bio-based composite materials.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 23
·50536
·
IF 3.125
Junjie Wang,Hao Tang,Xuejun Yu,Jin Xu,Zhiquan Pan,Hong Zhou
To maintain transparency and improve flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin, a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant (DPDDM) was designed and synthesized, which was derived from 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4, 4′- diamino diphenylmethane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa –10- phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxidein two steps. Compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), the tensile strength and flexural strength of the EP with 5% DPDDM increased by 28.6% and 42.8%, respectively, indicating that DPDDM can significantly improve the mechanical properties of EP materials. Meanwhile, the DPDDM modified EP materials have good transparency and the EP with 5% DPDDM passed the V-0 rating and had the limiting oxygen index as high as 34%. Cone calorimeter test results showed that the heat release and smoke generation of the modified materials were significantly lower than the unmodified materials, which were reduced by 32.6% and 64.6%, respectively, indicating that the modified materials can greatly improve the safety of fire prevention. This work provides a new approach to prepare transparent epoxy resin with good mechanical properties and excellent flame retardancy.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）