Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·124602
·
IF 7.5
Yunyi Wang,Ru Yang,Xiang Li,Haiping Wang,Ting Wu,Guigan Fang
Photocatalytic cleavage of lignin C–C bonds using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) offers a sustainable route to aromatic monomers; however, its practical efficiency is critically constrained by the generation yield of superoxide radicals. Herein, we address this constraint through a simple yet effective design: replacing the edge amino groups of g-C 3 N 4 with benzene rings to construct a benzene–g-C 3 N 4 copolymer. DFT calculations suggest that the introduced benzene ring contributes an empty low-lying orbital that may serve as a temporary electron trap. This effect, together with in-situ XPS evidence for photo-induced charge redistribution, is consistent with the formation of an S-scheme charge transfer pathway and the observed suppression of picosecond-scale electron–hole recombination. The benzene ring is proposed to function as a π–π adsorption anchor, selectively binding the lignin C β carbocation in close proximity to the C–N = C sites where superoxide radicals are generated. This directed adsorption overcomes the mass-transfer limitation of superoxide radical typically encountered under chemisorption conditions, thereby enabling spontaneous and diffusion-free oxidation of the C β site. This benzene–g-C 3 N 4 copolymer exhibits a 134% higher reaction efficiency than g-C 3 N 4 in C–C bond photocleavage, while also demonstrating excellent cleavage performance on industrial lignin. Collectively, this work offers an effective approach to overcoming kinetic limitations in photocatalysis.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Hui Chen,Bo Jiang,Md Mostafizur Rahman,Tiezheng Shao,Wenjuan Wu,Yongcan Jin
The nonproductive adsorption between lignin and cellulase hinders bioethanol production, with phenolic hydroxyl (Ph–OH) groups believed to play a crucial role in the lignin–cellulase interaction. However, the adsorption mechanism remains unclear and unverified. In this work, lignins with different Ph–OH contents were systematically prepared by acetylation or phenolation of softwood kraft lignin (KL). Single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy with immobilized carbohydrate-binding modules was employed to directly quantify these interactions. A linear increase in both CBM adsorption on lignin and interaction force (2.31–8.33 nN) was observed with the Ph–OH content, providing direct evidence that the Ph–OH content is an important contributing factor affecting CBM–lignin interactions. Physicochemical characterization showed increased surface negative charge and decreased hydrophobicity. Thermodynamic analyses suggested that electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions all contribute to CBM–lignin association, while increasing the Ph–OH content enhanced the relative contribution of electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. This study emphasizes the contribution of Ph–OH to cellulase adsorption, offering a basis for lignin modification strategies in lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Qingyi Xie,Xiaolin Wang,Yuqing Wang,Jiamei Fu,Haiquan Sun,Fenglong Li,Minghui Cui,Junyi Zhou,Jin Zhu,Jing Chen
The incorporation of lignin into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) networks for the preparation of high-performance, multifunctional protective coatings represents a highly attractive yet challenging research direction. This study employed a highly reactive soluble modified lignin (MOLA) as a polyol and incorporated it into the main chain of a WPU polymer network. A series of bio-based waterborne polyurethanes (CLWPU–CO x ) with tailored molecular architecture was synthesized and found to exhibit corrosion resistance, UV blocking, UV-aging resistance, self-cleaning behavior, weather resistance, biodegradability, and non-biotoxicity. The influence of MOLA content on the chemical structure and properties of CLWPU–CO x was systematically investigated, and quantitative structure–property relationships between the MOLA loading ratio and material properties were established. The results indicated that MOLA simultaneously served as both a chemical and physical crosslinking site, thereby regulating the microphase separation of WPU. The resulting uniform internal structure and high crosslinking density endowed CLWPU–CO x with excellent hydrophobicity, water vapor barrier properties, gas barrier properties, and long-term outdoor durability, confirming its considerable potential for marine anti-corrosion protective coating applications. Download: Download high-res image (158KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Guodian Zhu,Ying Liu,Zhanhui Chen,Qingbing Guo,Jiangzhen Qiu,Buning Zhang,Jinhui Huang,Guoqiang Yin
Replacing α -hydroxyl group with an α , β -unsaturated group markedly enhanced the decomposition reactivity of dimer. • α , β -Unsaturated group promoted C α ─C β bond cleavage, while α -hydroxyl group led to β -O-4 bond cleavage. • α , β -Unsaturated group accelerated reaction rate ∼14-fold at 120 °C. • Dehydration of α -hydroxyl group into α , β -unsaturated group facilitated lignin depolymerization. Lignin is a promising feedstock for the production of monomeric aromatics, which can be further upgraded into valuable chemicals or fuel hydrocarbons. In this work, the effect of the α , β -unsaturated group on the conversion of lignin and its β -O-4 model dimers into monomeric aromatics was investigated. The results showed that replacing the native α -hydroxyl group with an α , β -unsaturated group markedly enhanced the decomposition reactivity of the dimer. Specifically, the α , β -unsaturated group promoted C α ─C β bond cleavage, whereas the native α -hydroxyl group led to β -O-4 bond cleavage. This significant enhancement in reactivity was consistent across varied reaction conditions and enabled near-quantitative yields of monomeric aromatics from the dimer containing the α , β -unsaturated group. Kinetic analyses indicated apparent first-order kinetic behavior for both dimers, showing that the α , β -unsaturated group accelerated the reaction rate by a factor of approximately 14 at 120 °C. Moreover, an α , β -unsaturated group generated in situ via dehydration of the α -hydroxyl group during pretreatment effectively facilitated lignin depolymerization. This work outlines a promising approach for developing efficient lignin depolymerization technologies targeting monomeric aromatics.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Phuoc-Cuong Le,Xuan Kien Bui,Dinh Ngo Vu,Thi Thao Minh,Tan Nhat,Dinh Nhi Bui
Rice-straw-derived CNF/lignin aerogels were developed as microwave-passive insulating cores. • CNF/L10 provided the best balance of porosity, strength, moisture tolerance, and insulation. • Low thermal conductivity and humid-state dielectric loss supported reduced wall self-heating. • CNF/L10 prototype walls reduced outer sidewall temperature from 62.7 to 45.9 °C. • CNF/L10 retained mechanical stability and microwave transmittance after 1000 wash–reheat cycles. Rice-straw-derived cellulose nanofiber/lignin (CNF/lignin) aerogels were developed as microwave-passive insulating cores for reusable food-container walls. Cellulose and lignin co-recovered from Vietnamese rice straw were reassembled into aerogels containing 0–20 wt% lignin to define a practical formulation window for microwave-reheatable packaging. Moderate lignin addition preserved the cellulose I framework and improved the balance between pore-wall integrity, moisture tolerance, thermal insulation, and dielectric stability. Among the tested samples, CNF/L10 gave the best overall performance, with a density of 0.025 ± 0.001 g cm −3 , porosity of 98.33 ± 0.07%, compressive modulus of 74.6 ± 3.7 kPa, compressive strength of 32.7 ± 1.8 kPa at 70% strain, water contact angle of 79.2 ± 2.8°, and moisture absorption of 49.8% after 48 h at 75% RH. Its thermal conductivity remained low, increasing only from 0.0288 ± 0.0009 W m − 1 K − 1 at 50% RH to 0.0336 ± 0.0011 W m − 1 K − 1 at 75% RH. At 2.45 GHz, CNF/L10 showed ε′ = 1.61, ε″ = 0.053, and tanδ = 0.0329 at 50% RH, and ε′ = 1.93, ε″ = 0.129, and tanδ = 0.0668 at 75% RH. In a PP/aerogel/PP prototype wall, CNF/L10 reduced the outer sidewall temperature from 62.7 ± 1.2 °C to 45.9 ± 0.9 °C while maintaining food-center heating. After 1000 wash–reheat cycles, it retained 86.8% modulus, 85.0% strength, and 87.8 ± 1.5% microwave transmittance, with overall migration below 10 mg dm −2 . These results support CNF/L10 as a promising bio-based insulating core for lower-plastic microwave food-packaging prototypes. Download: Download high-res image (294KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Wenlong Gao,Jinpeng Wei,Yonggang Sun,Yuyu Wang,Feng Lin,Yulong Ma
A composite catalyst that combines acid and metal catalysis has been developed. • Selectivity of up to 83.12 % toward MAHs achieved in lignin pyrolysis. • Heating rate affects routes and activation energy in catalytic lignin conversion. • SiW affords B acid sites while Ni centers stabilize intermediates and inhibit coking. To address the challenges of complex deoxygenation pathways and low monoaromatic hydrocarbon (MAHs) selectivity in the catalytic conversion of lignin, a series of SiW/Ni-MCM-41 metal–acid bifunctional catalysts were synthesized via an incipient wetness impregnation method. The effects of silicotungstic acid (SiW) loading ratios on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and their performance in lignin catalytic pyrolysis were systematically investigated. Characterization results revealed that both SiW and Ni species were highly dispersed on the surface of the MCM-41 support, with interactions between them. With increasing SiW loading, specific surface area and pore volume decreased, Brønsted acid proportion increased, and total acid sites decreased mainly due to Lewis acid loss, enabling Brønsted/Lewis acid balance tuning. Catalytic performance evaluation demonstrated that the catalyst with a SiW-to-Ni-MCM-41 mass ratio of 1:2 exhibited the optimal lignin conversion (80.25 %) and MAHs selectivity (83.12 %), alongside excellent universality in substrate extension experiments. Kinetic analysis indicated that the apparent activation energy is heating-program dependent. In-situ FTIR confirmed that the Brønsted acid sites provided by SiW promoted deoxygenation and alkylation reactions, the Ni metal centers assisted deoxygenation and stabilized the aromatic ring structure via hydrogen-transfer-related pathways, while inhibiting condensation and coking side reactions to a certain extent; and the mesoporous MCM-41 framework provided a highly dispersed environment and a possible confinement-like effect, collectively driving the efficient conversion of lignin into monoaromatic hydrocarbons. This study provides a novel design strategy for metal–acid synergistic catalysts in the field of high-value conversion of lignin. Download: Download high-res image (144KB) Download: Download full-size image
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Yan Wang,Wang Xiang,Hanwen Wang,Xinyang Wang,Xiaoping Rao
Low-temperature pyrolysis (300°C) optimizes the surface reconstruction of bamboo biochar. • ATBC-300 exhibits superior Cr(VI) removal via enriched oxygen groups. • S-type lignin monomers are identified as key drivers for Cr(VI) adsorption. • DFT calculations reveal the synergy of Cr − O bonding and redox reactions. Biochar synthesis typically demands high pyrolysis temperatures, incurring substantial energy penalties. Therefore, elucidating how pyrolysis temperature drives structural evolution and dictates adsorption performance is highly desirable. In this work, a low-temperature pyrolysis regime (300°C) coupled with sodium hydroxide pre-treatment was demonstrated to successfully fabricates a superior bamboo-derived biochar. Comprehensive mechanistic insights via kinetic modeling and multi-spectroscopic characterizations revealed that the remediation process was dictated by a multi-step chemisorption pathway, including electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, and chemical reduction. GC–MS and FTIR analyses suggested that lignin-derived structural units, particularly Syringyl (S-type) monomers selectively retained under the low-temperature regime—made an important contribution to the formation of active adsorption sites. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrated that oxygen-containing functional groups associated with these lignin-derived structures provided favorable interaction sites for HCrO 4 − through stable Cr − O coordination and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Moreover, ATBC-300 retained approximately 75% of its initial Cr(VI) removal performance after five adsorption–desorption cycles, indicating acceptable regeneration stability. These findings provide molecular-level insights into the role of native lignin structural units during low-temperature biochar activation and demonstrate the potential of low-temperature pyrolysis as a strategy for Cr(VI) remediation. Download: Download high-res image (148KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Dan Li,Dongping Yang,Qiujing He,Shiqiang Tu,Zhun Xiang,Lifei Huang,Yueming Jiang,Liang Gong
HPCS-stabilized lignin nanoparticles enhanced natamycin solubility and stability. • Gelatin/ZnO films incorporated with LNPs showed superior mechanical and barrier properties. • Films exhibited synergistic photothermal and ROS-mediated antibacterial activity. • Lignin shielded natamycin from degradation, balancing stability and antibacterial efficacy. • Coating extended sweet potato shelf life and showed favorable biodegradability. To address the poor photostability and low aqueous solubility of natamycin (N), a hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS)-stabilized lignin nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system (LNP-N/HPCS) was developed in this study. The results showed that the nanocarriers exhibited a high encapsulation efficiency (89.17 ± 2.8%) and a moderate loading efficiency (11.63 ± 0.1%), while significantly increasing the solubility of natamycin to 13.5 times that of its free form at room temperature. Structural analysis indicated that LNP-N/HPCS formed stable core–shell-like nanostructures through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and π–π interactions, enabling efficient loading and stable dispersion. Furthermore, the delivery system was incorporated into gelatin/ZnO composite films (Gel/ZnO/LNPs) to construct multifunctional active packaging materials. The resulting composite film exhibited good antioxidant activity, mechanical properties, and gas barrier properties. After 10 min of xenon lamp irradiation, the composite film rapidly heated to 54.6 °C. After 150 min of irradiation, 67.55% of the initial natamycin content remained in the Gel/ZnO/LNPs5 composite film, whereas the retention rate of free natamycin was only 24.72%, indicating that the LNP delivery system improved the photostability of natamycin. In addition, the composite system exhibited good antibacterial activity in both film-forming solutions and solid films. In particular, Gel/ZnO/LNPs5 exhibited nearly complete growth inhibition against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Dickeya dadantii E36 after 10 min of light irradiation, and achieved an inhibition rate of approximately 85% against Fusarium solani-melongenae 24–3. After 150 min of continuous irradiation, the Gel/ZnO/LNPs5 film still exhibited an inhibition rate of 55.67% against Fusarium solani-melongenae 24–3. Practical application results showed that the composite film could delay quality deterioration of sweet potatoes during storage to some extent and gradually disintegrated within approximately 6 days in soil. In addition, no significant inhibitory effect was observed in the seed germination test. Overall, this study provides an effective strategy for developing multifunctional food packaging materials with photothermal responsiveness, light-enhanced antimicrobial activity, and postharvest preservation functions. Download: Download high-res image (225KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Jianxun Ma,Yongxin Guo,Yuhang Zhang,Jihong Wang
Lignin-based Lig-SA-CS enabled hydrogel-mediated compost bioaugmentation. • Lig-SA-CS showed progressive disintegration under dynamic thermal conditions. • Hydrogel encapsulation enhanced lignocellulose transformation and HA formation. • Precursor and 2D-COS revealed stage-dependent humification. A Lig-SA-CS hydrogel previously developed from DES-isolated corn-straw lignin was further evaluated in this study as a bio-based carrier for the co-encapsulation of Bacillus subtilis and Kosakonia cowanii during composting. The hydrogel showed progressive temperature-responsive structural changes, remaining relatively stable at 30–40 ℃ while undergoing swelling, structural weakening, and partial disintegration under elevated-temperature exposure. Composting results indicated that the hydrogel-encapsulated treatment (T2) maintained thermophilic conditions (>50 °C) for approximately 16 days, with the thermophilic phase ending around day 18 and exhibited greater moisture retention. Consequently, T2 reached the selected maturity-related thresholds (C/N < 15 and GI > 80%) by day 28, earlier than the free-bacteria treatment (T1, 35 days) and the control (CK, 42 days). Enhanced cellulase, LiP, MnP, and Lac activities in the T2 group were associated with improved lignocellulose transformation and increased formation of reducing sugars and polyphenols. FTIR-2D-COS analysis indicated a sequential structural evolution in T2, with lignin-derived aromatic structures responding earlier, followed by later responses of polysaccharide-related structures. Microbial community analysis identified 11 key taxa in T2, whose network positions and environmental associations suggested potential involvement in lignocellulose transformation and humification. Overall, the Lig-SA-CS-mediated bioaugmentation strategy enhanced lignocellulose transformation and humic acid formation, providing a promising material-assisted approach for the valorization of agricultural organic wastes and the production of humified compost products. Download: Download high-res image (265KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Luo Jing,Lu Junda,Ding Yumeng,Cheng Long,Qin Hengfei
Hydrogels have been widely used in tissue engineering,
soft robotics,
and wearable electronics. However, developing hydrogels that simultaneously
possess high strength, high stretchability, and good conductivity
to meet diverse application requirements remains a significant challenge.
In this study, a strategy involving glycerol substitution, liquid
metal (LM) coordination, and sodium lignosulfonate (LS) immersion
was proposed to enhance the polymer network by adjusting the molecular
arrangement and coordination of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), thereby
enabling the preparation of high-performance PVA/LM 5.0 @LS 24 hydrogels. The PVA/LM 5.0 @LS 24 hydrogels
exhibited a tensile strength of up to 10.7 MPa and a high fracture
strain of 833.1%. Additionally, the Young’s modulus and toughness
reached 186.4 MPa and 69.9 MJ/m 3 , respectively. The outstanding
mechanical properties demonstrated clear advantages compared to those
of other tough hydrogels. Moreover, the incorporation of LM combined
with LS immersion endowed the PVA/LM 5.0 @LS 24 hydrogels with excellent electrical conductivity (6.20 S/m). Interestingly,
the hydrogel also demonstrated good biocompatibility and excellent
coagulation properties, making it suitable for human-sensing applications.
The effective method for fabricating highly tough, fatigue-resistant,
and stretchable hydrogels shows promising potential for use in artificial
ligaments and sensing technologies.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Wang Kejia,Dai Junhao,Zhu Wanting,Liu Jingru,Gu Zhexuan,Wang Xinran,Tong Xin,Zhao Huifang,Guo Daliang,Yuan Tianzhong,Li Jing
Lignin is abundant and renewable,
and its high-value
utilization
in carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes has attracted considerable
attention. However, pure lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) have insufficient
active sites, and direct loading of polyaniline (PANI) easily causes
agglomeration, limiting their electrochemical performance. In this
work, LCFs were prepared from lignin and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via
electrospinning, preoxidation, and carbonization, and were then combined
with PANI through three different methods to systematically compare
their effects on the composite properties. Results show that in situ
polymerization achieves a uniform PANI coating on LCFs, alleviating
agglomeration. The Is-LCFs-PANI-3 sample exhibits a specific capacitance
of 287.36 F g –1 at 0.5 A g –1 ,
with 86% retention after 3000 cycles. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor
has a device capacitance of 69.02 F g –1 and 78%
retention after 3000 cycles. This work provides a route for the high-value
utilization of lignin and the development of high-performance supercapacitor
electrodes.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Jiamin Wang,Jierui Ye,Jia Fu,Shuting Shen,Jianquan Zhu,Qiang Wu,Pan Chen,Guoping Li,Ang Lu,Qian Li
Printable aqueous carbon nanotube (CNT) inks are promising for scalable, flexible, and wearable electronics, yet it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve high electrical performance, long-term dispersion stability, and reliable processability in water. A one-pot ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) pretreatment enables lignin depolymerization and functionalization with ammonium phytate/sulfate groups, followed by spontaneous self-assembly into P/N/S-containing lignin nanoparticles (PLNPs). The resulting PLNPs exhibit tunable particle sizes (from 24 nm to 100 nm) and high negative surface charge (up to −62.6 mV). PLNPs adsorb uniformly onto CNT surfaces without forming large aggregates. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal an “anchor-and-disperse” interfacial mechanism, in which PLNPs anchor on CNT surfaces with heteroatom-enabled noncovalent interactions, while surface charge and hydration provide electrosteric and steric stabilization that suppresses reaggregation. The PLNPs/CNT inks show pronounced shear-thinning and rapid thixotropic recovery, making them suitable for screen printing of conductive patterns on paper. The inks exhibit excellent colloidal stability (>100 days) and achieve conductivities up to 34.9 S·cm −1 without additional synthetic additives. Furthermore, cotton textiles can be dip-coated to fabricate wearable piezoresistive sensors capable of monitoring diverse human motions. This work provides a renewable, waterborne CNT ink platform for sustainable printed and wearable textile electronics.
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