JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2022
·Vol. 140
·期 3
·e53318
·
IF 3.057
Aoqi Li,Yingqing Ye,Peixin Gong,Bo Xiao,Bo Jiang
Compared with traditional conjugates 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM) is an emerging biological coupling reagent and has been used in the amidation of hyaluronic acid. In this paper, DMTMM was used to achieve the amidation of chitosan (CS) with glucuronic acid (GA) in an aqueous medium to generate a GA-CS derivative. The grafting efficacy was preliminarily compared with the EDC/NHS-mediated reaction. As a result, the substitution degree of 17.6% for DMTMM-mediated grafting and 13.1% for EDC/NHS chemistry indicated that DMTMM-mediated synthesis of GA-CS appeared to be more efficient. The reaction kinetics experiments showed that GA-CS derivative with a degree of substitution up to about 26.1% was obtained using equal molar ratios of DMTMM and GA exceeding CS at room temperature. These results indicate that employing DMTMM as a coupling agent is a feasible and promising strategy for the amidation modification of chitosan.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 48
·e53209
·
IF 3.057
Muchao Qu,Jiaqiang Fang,Chenzhong Mu,Yanfeng Li,Shaojuan Huang,Lei Han,Stefan Hiemer,Wei Xu,Yijing Qin
In this study, a flexible strain sensor consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-based hot-melt adhesive web (HAW) is proposed with the advantages of low cost and easy fabrication. Six different weight fractions of the CNTs were employed in producing the three-layer sandwich-structure composite membrane. The morphology and internal particle structure of the cross section of the EVA/CNTs composite membranes was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties as well as the mechanical–electrical behavior of the EVA/CNTs sensors were investigated, showing a gauge factor up to 477. In addition, two mathematical equations to establish the relationship between the output electrical signal and the input strain signal during the monotonic and cyclic measurements were proposed, respectively. Overall, this study provides a solvent-free one-step approach for the preparation of flexible strain sensors with innovative and broad application prospects, and offers some insight into the mathematical prediction of the strain sensing behavior.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 4
·e53211
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IF 3.057
Wei Wu,Hailan Zeng,Weiran Zhang,Weili Zhang,Haiyun Jiang,Guohua Wu,Ziyu Li,Xiang Wang,Yiyang Huang,Zhiyong Lei
Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a promising electrochromic material in many practical application, such as smart windows and displays. However, there are still difficulties in currently realizing green manufacturing, high coloration efficiency, and rapid response. Herein, in-situ electrochemical polymerization of PEDOT:PSS/Reline films was suggested in aqueous solution. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) composed of choline chloride and urea (Reline) were employed as green solvents in reaction system and used as dopants for the PEDOT:PSS. The as-prepared PEDOT:PSS/Reline films exhibited remarkable electrochromic properties, including great ion diffusion coefficient, fast reaction time (coloration response time was 1.4 s), prominent transmittance modulation (38%), high coloration efficiency (223 cm 2 /C) and excellent cyclic stability. Impressively, doping of Reline cannot only provide a green polymerization environment, but also significantly boost the electrochromic properties.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 46
·e53247
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IF 3.057
Weikun Jia,Lan Wang,Yan Xu,Xiaotao Wen,Xueyan Ma,Zhaoyang Cui
To overcome the poor conductivity of electrode film in bio-gel electroactive actuator, graphene was introduced into its structure to prepare a kind of bio-gel electroactive actuator based on chitosan, and its actuation characteristics were analyzed. First of all, the output characteristics of the electroactive actuator prepared with the addition of graphene oxide （GO）were tested to obtain the variation patterns of bending force and displacement. Second, electrochemical and microscopic tests were carried out and the water retention rate was analyzed to explore the internal reasons for the improvement of output characteristics. Third, how the mass fraction of GO influences the polymer electroactive actuator's bending force performance was comprehensively analyzed. The results show that adding GO significantly improved the electroactive actuator's performance. Adding graphene oxide into the polymer actuator was proved to be an effective strategy to improve the actuator's actuation properties.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 48
·e53231
·
IF 3.057
Shang Ke Yang,Zhao Xin Zhang,Ai Ping Zhang,Hai Lan Lin,Xun Tao Zhang,Liu Xin Xiao,Jun Bian,Dai Qiang Chen
This work employed polymer active agent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) treated barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles (PVP@BT) as functional nanofillers to fill polyimide (PI) matrix to fabricate PI nanocomposite films. The microstructure, dielectric properties, and heat resistance of PI, PI/BT, and PI/PVP@BT dielectric nanocomposite films were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that PVP has been successfully coated on the surface of BT nanoparticles. Due to the enhanced aggregation of monomers on the PVP@BT nanoparticles, higher molecular weight and viscosity of PI/PVP@BT nanocomposite films were achieved. Compared with PI/BT nanocomposite films, the dispersion of PVP@BT nanoparticles in PI/PVP@BT nanocomposite films was better, as verified by field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Filling a small amount of PVP@BT nanoparticles into the PI matrix improved the dielectric properties of the resultant nanocomposite films. The dielectric constant of the nanocomposite films with 10 wt% filler loading was up to 7.1 at 1000 Hz, which was 2.5 times higher than that of pure PI (2.9). PI nanocomposite film dielectric loss was generally lower than 0.015. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests verified that both pure PI and PI nanocomposite films showed excellent thermal stability. This work can be expected to provide a new strategy for designing and manufacturing PI dielectric nanocomposite films for energy storage applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53567
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IF 3.057
Licong Jiang,Ziwen Zhou,Feng Zhao,Song Li,Zhihua Liu,Xiaoyang Liu,Meiming Xu,Zhenxiang Xin,Shuai Zhao,Lin Li
Enteromorpha as a waste from marine pollution brings great pressure to environmental governance every year, especially for China. Under the premise of shortage of industrial materials, taking appropriate measures can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. In this work, a bio-based reinforcing type flame retardant based on Enteromorpha is designed. The designed Enteromorpha based flame retardant system mainly is focused on the reinforcing action and the flame retardant effects on ethylene-propylene-diene tripolymer (EPDM) systemically. Therefore, with the emergence of innovate reinforcing type Enteromorpha flame retardants in the future, the application of Enteromorpha in the polymer flame retardants field will surely usher in bright development.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53565
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IF 3.057
Guoan Li,Wei Deng,Wanyu Li,Meng Yang,Weiwei Cui
Polymer-based dielectric composites with simultaneously improved dielectric constant and breakdown strength have great potential applications in energy storage. In this paper, polyaniline@BaTiO 3 (PANI@BT) nanoparticles with core-shell structure are first fabricated by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization, and deposited on the surface of two-dimensional nanoplatelets (graphene oxide [GO] and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets [BNNS]), which are then utilized to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composites. The presence of 2D nanoplatelets is found to significantly ameliorate the dispersion of PANI@BT particles in the PVDF matrix, and thus endowing the resultant PVDF composites with improved comprehensive performance. The dielectric constant of PANI@BT-GO/PVDF and PANI@BT-BNNS/PVDF composites with 50 wt% fillers increase to 124.9 and 169.5 at 100 Hz, accompanied with relatively low dielectric loss. When the filler content is 10 wt%, the breakdown strength of PANI@BT-BNNS/PVDF achieves 133.5 kV/mm, which is 9.7% and 71.8% higher than that of the pristine PVDF and PANI@BT/PVDF composites. Meanwhile, the tensile stress also reaches the highest value of 43.38 MPa. In addition, the PANI@BT-GO/PVDF and PANI@BT-BNNS/PVDF composites present higher thermal decomposition temperature in comparison with PANI@BT/PVDF composites.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53563
·
IF 3.057
Yan Wang,Zhancheng Zhang,Yaoming Zhang,Xianqiang Pei,Tingmei Wang,Qihua Wang
To make full use of the renewability of polylactide (PLA) and natural Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG), novel fully sustainable thermal plastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with high toughness were developed via dynamic vulcanization technique based on modified EUG (referred to as EUG-GMA). The latter greatly improved the toughness of PLA and the mechanism was discussed with respect to micro structure analysis. Aiming at providing theoretical guidance for PLA/EUG-GMA TPVs in scratch related applications, the scratch behavior of TPVs with different EUG-GMA content was studied in single-pass and multiple-pass scratching mode, after which the tribological mechanisms were discussed based on worn surface morphology and contact area analysis. It is revealed that the promoted interfacial adhesion due to in-situ compatibilization and the co-continuous phase structure of PLA/EUG-GMA TPVs played crucial roles in enhancing the TPVs' toughness. In addition to tribo-conditions, the above mentioned interfacial performance was also responsible for the variation of scratch behavior of different TPVs. It is expected that the present study would open up a new route of manufacturing sustainable composites combined with scratch resistance and toughness.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53556
·
IF 3.057
Jiayi Lu,Liping Chen,Zhonglin Luo,Biaobing Wang
A compound containing phosphorus/nitrogen/sulfur (named as DOVNPT) was synthesized by the reaction of p-toluenesulfonamide, vanillin and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-10-phosphophenanthrene-10-oxide, and was adopted to prepare flame retardant epoxy resins (FREPs) using 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane as the curing agent. The chemical structure of DOVNPT was verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1 H and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance. The influence of the DOVNPT content on the thermal stability, fire performance, combustion behaviors, transparency and mechanical properties of the FREPs was investigated in detail. The DOVNPT promoted the decomposition of EP on advance whilst lowered the maximum decomposition rate. With the incorporation of 4 wt% DOVNPT (0.49 wt% phosphorus content), the FREP-4 achieved a LOI value of 34.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating. The FREP-4 also gave the lowest peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release, with a reduction of 40.4%, 24.8%, and 28.6% as compared with the pure EP, respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the char residues and gaseous pyrolysis products demonstrated that the DOVPNT displayed good flame retardant effect in both gas phase and condensed phase. Simultaneously, the FREPs presented a comparable transparency and slightly improved mechanical properties as compared with the pure EP.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 8
·e53536
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IF 3.057
Wengui Wang,Fan Wang,Heng Li,Yaochi Liu
To improve the flame retardancy of PA6/PA66 copolymer, a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant DDP-M was successfully synthesized via melt condensation reaction between 2-[(5-oxo-6H-phosphanthridin-5-yl)methyl]butanedioic acid (DDP) and melamine (Mel). Its structure, product composition, and thermal stability were characterized by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results suggested that DDP-M was a hybrid flame retardant. A series of flame-retardant PA6/PA66 composites were prepared by melt extrusion. Their thermal stability and flame retardancy were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and vertical burning test (UL-94). The combustion behavior demonstrated that DDP-M can effectively improve flame retardancy, achieving 32% of LOI value and UL-94 V-0 rating with only 9 wt.% addition. No melt dripping was accomplished by adding 12% DDP-M. The high dose (15%) harmed the flame-retardant properties. The results of pyrolysis gaseous productions analysis and residual carbon analysis revealed the flame-retardant mechanism of DDP-M was a synergistic effect of melamine inducing gaseous phase flame retardancy and highly condensed P-N char layers inducing condensed phase flame retardancy. The composites retained good mechanical properties due to the good dispersibility and compatibility between polyamide and DDP-M.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53552
·
IF 3.057
Chang Liu,Ping Li,Ying-Jun Xu,Yun Liu,Ping Zhu
To attain superior fire safety epoxy resins (EP), aluminum diethylphosphonate (AlPi) and nickel alginate were incorporated to EP in different proportions. The synergistic flame retardant effects between AlPi and nickel alginate on fire safety and mechanical properties of EP were investigated in detail. EP/AlPi 9.5 -Nickel Alginate 0.5 acquired the UL-94 V-0 rating with the highest limiting oxygen index value (28.9%). Besides, the thermal decomposition behaviors of the samples were researched by thermogravimetric analysis, implying that EP/AlPi-Nickel Alginate exhibited the better thermal stability and char-forming ability. Compared with EP, the peak heat release rate and total heat release were declined by 58.3% and 12.8%. And the addition of nickel alginate reduced the release of smoke. In particular, the incorporation of AlPi and nickel alginate increased the impact strength, flexural strength and glass transition temperature of EP. In perspective, the synergistic effect of bio-based nickel alginate and AlPi opens a practicable avenue in decreasing the fire risk and improving the mechanical properties of EP.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 2
·e53301
·
IF 3.057
Wenwen Wu,Qingquan Song,Junrong Yu,Na Li,Zuming Hu,Yan Wang,Jing Zhu
The high-performance polymer para-aramid (PPTA) is discovered to gel too soon during the polymerization process, resulting in poor processing performance. In this work, a homogeneous polymer solution containing heterocyclic para-aramid (HPPTA) was successfully synthesized by introducing 2,4-aminophenyl-5-aminobenzimidazole groups into the molecular chains of PPTA, and then HPPTA aerogel was prepared using a supercritical drying technique that took advantage of the HPPTA solution's excellent property of slow gelation. When the HPPTA polymer mass fraction was 1 wt%, the aerogel had the lowest density of 0.086 g cm −3 with a BET specific surface area of 376.59 m 2 g −1 . The HPPTA-2 aerogel had better adsorption performance for anionic dye methyl orange, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 319.47 mol g −1 ; however, its adsorption capacity for cationic dye methylene blue and neutral dye dimethyl yellow was very low, at only 19.68 and 0 mol g −1 , respectively. The selective adsorption ability of HPPTA aerogel made it a simple and scalable platform for removing anionic dyes from water solutions. Furthermore, the HPPTA aerogel has outstanding thermal properties for thermal insulation applications in severe environments due to the synergistic effect of the 3D porous structure inside the aerogel and the exceptional thermal stability of the HPPTA.
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高影响因子
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