查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Buried 2D/3D heterojunction in n–i–p perovskite solar cells through solid-state ligand-exchange reaction

Zhao Qiangqiang,Zhang Bingqian,Hui Wei,Gao Kun,Ji Hongpei,Sun Xiuhong,Feng Xiaopeng,Peng Cheng,Wang Kaiyu,Gao Caiyun,Zhang Chenyang,Wang Han,Zhang Qi,Su Zhenhuang,Wang Xiao,Wang Li,Pang Shuping,De Wolf Stefaan,Wang Kai

Incorporating two-dimensional (2D) perovskite phases at the interfaces of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite solar cells improves device performance. These 2D structures form in the bulk and at interfaces of the perovskite film by adding long-chain ammonium salts into the perovskite, but achieving them exclusively at the buried interface remains challenging. Here we sequentially graft thioglycolic acid and oleylamine onto SnO 2 nanoparticles. The strong chemical bond between thioglycolic acid and oleylamine ensures that cation exchange with formamidinium iodide, a perovskite precursor, occurs only during thermal annealing, creating a 2D/3D perovskite structure solely at the bottom interface. This localized 2D layer accelerates 3D phase formation, enhances perovskite crystallization and reduces defect concentration at the interface by over tenfold. The resulting solar cells achieve power conversion efficiencies of 26.19% (certified 26.04%, 0.09 cm 2 ), 23.44% (aperture area of 21.54 cm 2 , certified 22.68%) and 22.22% (aperture area of 64.80 cm 2 ), respectively.

Phytocatalytic Redox Cycling of Tire-Derived p-Phenylenediamines: A Hidden Driver for Quinone Metabolite Formation in Rice

Yuanyuan Yu,Zhen Yu,Linbin Zhu,Junfeng Niu,Hua Yin,Chang He,Jianteng Sun,Shaoyu Tang,Zhi Dang

In this study, the absorption, translocation, and transformation of p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) in rice were investigated by using a hydroponic cultivation method. The N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′- phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), and N-phenyl-N′-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CPPD) were more prone to be accumulated in the rice root compared with N,N′-bis(methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD). The hydrolysis, methylated, hydroxylated, oxidized, reductive, C–N bond cleavage, glutathione-conjugated, and glucuronic acid-conjugated products were identified. A particularly concerning finding was that PPDs were found to generate PPD-Qs in plants for the first time. This transformation, alongside the interconversion between PPDs and their methylated or demethylated degradation products, could significantly prolong the environmental persistence of PPDs. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450), glycosyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases, and methyltransferases genes might be responsible for the PPD transformation. Additionally, PPDs strongly interacted with CYP450 enzymes, with DTPD demonstrating particularly significant binding affinity ranging from −8.17 to −9.23 kcal/mol. These results introduce uncertainties in understanding the ecological risks of PPDs and their potential human exposure.

P and Se-codopants triggered basal plane active sites in NbS2 3D nanosheets toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Wei Shen,Liang Qiao,Juan Ding,Yongming Sui

Promoting the intrinsic activity and accessibility of basal plane sites in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is an important way to optimize their catalytic performance for energy conversion and storage. Here, a simple liquid-phase phosphating selenization pyrolysis method is developed to prepare P and Se co-doped niobium disulfide (NbS 2 ) 3D nanosheets with active basal plane for efficient catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Experimental results indicate that the P and Se co-doped NbS 2 3D nanosheets exhibit significantly enhanced HER activity and stability compared to their undoped counterparts. It realizes 165 mV decreased overpotential at 10 mA cm −2 and a stable durability over 40 h continuous operation at 14 mA cm −2 without observable fading. Density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest that the P dopant is to activate the adjacent original inert Nb sites, where both S and Nb sites in P, Se co-doped NbS 2 monolayer can together act as the active sites for HER. Furthermore, the addition of selenium can stabilize the catalytic activity. Our work provides a promising approach and theoretical framework for improving the electrocatalytic HER performance of NbS 2 , and may have general guidelines for other transition metal disulfides.

Synthesis of benzophenone-center bisphenol-A containing phthalonitrile monomer (BBaph) and its copolymerization with P-a benzoxazine

Abdul Qadeer Dayo,Xin-man Cao,Wan-an Cai,Sha Song,Jun Wang,Abdeldjalil Zegaoui,Mehdi Derradji,Yi-le Xu,An-ran Wang,Wen-bin Liu,Lin-dan Gong

The benzophenone-center bisphenol-A containing phthalonitrile monomer (BBaph) was successfully produced by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone with 4-nitrophthalonitrile and bisphenol-A in the presence of potassium carbonate . The chemical structure of the synthesized monomer was confirmed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), 13 C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The curing study of monomer was evaluated by the FTIR and DSC curves. The poly(BBaph) was subjected to gamma-ray irradiation with 100   kGy dose of 60 Co gamma radiation. The variation in chemical structure, mechanical, thermomechanical and thermal properties of poly(BBaph) was evaluated by FTIR, flexural, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. All results confirmed very minute deviation in the estimated properties before and after radiation. The BBaph monomer was blended with typical mono-functional benzoxazine ( P-a ) in different weight ratios. The DSC , DMA, and TGA tests were performed to study the properties of copolymers . The high glass transition temperature (164–227   °C), and stiffness values (2.72–3.03   GPa) was observed for the copolymers . The thermal stability was also improved after the loading of BBaph in P-a , recorded values were in the range of 367–408   °C, and 46.1–58.7% for 5% weight loss temperature and char yield at 800   °C, respectively.

Achieving Superior Cyclability Pouch Cells with Oxygen Vacancy-Moderated P′2/P3 Hybrid Layered Sodium Cathode Materials

Chenxiang Li,Meng Li,Guozhuang Liu,Haoxiang Zhuo,Qian Li,Hui Zhang,Guoyao Pang,Xuan Yang,Zhou Liao,Kuan Wang,Dongniu Wang,Biwei Xiao,Dongsheng Geng

Layered P2-type sodium manganese oxide has emerged as a promising cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries due to its appealing cost-effectiveness and high discharge voltage. However, its practical capacity within the voltage range of 2.0–4.0 V (vs Na+/Na) is relatively low, and its rate capability is hampered by the adverse charge/vacancy ordering during charge/discharge. In this study, a layered P′2/P3 mixed-phase Na0.8-aMn0.675Ni0.225Li0.1O2–x cathode with high (003) crystal plane intensity was designed by introducing oxygen vacancies to P2-structured materials. Aided by these advantages, the hybrid cathode material demonstrates impressive structural and thermal stability and faster Na-ion diffusion kinetics compared to a regular P2 material. Half-cell shows an initial discharge capacity retention of 101 mA h/g at 12 mA/g and 92.25% retention after 500 cycles at 120 mA/g. In combination with a hard carbon anode, the 0.5 A h pouch cell achieved a prevailing capacity retention of 95.2% after 2600 cycles at 36 mA/g. This work opens new dimensions for layered cathode materials with the aim of achieving superior cyclabilities.

Stability of poly(p-phenylenediamine) on nitrocellulose prepared by spiral gas-solid two-phase flow-assisted mechanochemistry

Ting Sheng,Yang Zhao,Xing Lan,Yu-ge Xiang,Tao Huang,Bo Jin,Ru-fang Peng

In this work, the application of poly( p -phenylenediamine) (PpPD) as a potential propellant stabilizer is reported for the first time, and establish a solvent-free, continuous, and efficient mechanochemical synthesis method based on spiral gas-solid two-phase flow (S-GSF). Structural and morphological characterization results show that PpPD prepared by this method boasts advantages including high purity, high yield, mild reaction conditions, and easy scalability, with a space-time yield reaching 46.25 kg⋅m -3 ⋅h -1 . In addition, the product is characterized by smaller particle size and more uniform distribution, which enhances the compatibility of the composites. After adding 3% (mass fraction) of PpPD to nitrocellulose, the nitrogen oxides produced by the decomposition, could be effectively reduced by 37.4%, and its stabilizing effect was better than that of DPA and C2. The thermal stability TGA loss was reduced by 52.5%. Electrostatic potential analysis and aromatic nitration theory indicated that the secondary amine sites of PpPD had high electron density and exhibited an obvious scavenging effect on NO x .

Built-in Fields at RuO2/TiO2 p−n Interfaces Promote Water Dissociation and Durable Acidic Oxygen Evolution

Jinzeng Guo,Penghao Li,Diandian lv,Wenxiang Zhu,Qi Shao,Zhenhui Kang,Mingwang Shao,Fan Liao

Developing durable and active catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a central challenge for water electrolysis. Here, we demonstrate that constructing supported p−n junctions provides an effective strategy to simultaneously couple interfacial water activation with active-site stabilization. RuO2 nanoparticles immobilized on oxygen vacancy-rich TiO2 nanoribbons (RuO2/TiO2NRs) form a robust p−n heterojunction whose built-in field directs charge separation and tunes interfacial energetics. TiO2 acts as a water-activation co-catalyst, facilitating H2O dissociation at the junction, while structural confinement and charge redistribution suppress Ru over-oxidation and dissolution. A transient potential scanning technique directly visualizes the interfacial charge storage and release behaviors, providing dynamic evidence for the built-in electric field of the p−n junction in regulating charge separation and water-dissociation kinetics. Theoretical calculations reveal electron enrichment on Ru, weakened *OH/*O adsorption, and a reduced barrier for the potential-determining *O → *OOH step, while differential electrochemical mass spectrometry confirms an adsorbate-evolution mechanism without lattice oxygen participation. Consequently, RuO2/TiO2NRs deliver an overpotential of 192 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and sustain a ∼650 h durability. This heterojunction-guided loading strategy unifies activity and acid durability by co-engineering charge transfer and water activation at oxide/oxide interfaces.

Enhancing Hot-Electron Extraction via Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Diimide-Based Molecule in n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhengjie Xu,Xuan Lu,Jianing Wang,Qiang Lou,Jiazheng Wang,Xinxin Xu,Hao Zhang,Xinyan Dong,Liping Xu,Hong Meng,Yufeng Jin,Hang Zhou

Extraction and utilization of hot carriers are considered viable approaches to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we introduce N,N′-bis(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl) naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (denoted as NDI-BOCF3) to modify the buried SnO2/perovskite interface, simultaneously accelerating hot-electron extraction and passivating interfacial defects. The NDI-BOCF3-modified SnO2 (denoted as SnO2–NDI-BOCF3) exhibits improved surface uniformity and optimized energy-level alignment and passivates oxygen vacancies (VO), thereby providing ∼22% enhancement in hot-electron extraction. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that NDI-BOCF3 enhances hot-electron extraction via higher-frequency lattice vibrations and more ordered nonadiabatic couplings at the interface. In addition, NDI-BOCF3 passivates multisite defects across various perovskite terminations. As a result, SnO2–NDI-BOCF3 devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.06%, compared to 23.96% for a device with pristine SnO2. An increase of PCE from 8.81 to 17.50% for SnO2-free devices is also achieved. Furthermore, due to passivation, the activation barrier for positively charged iodine vacancies (VI+) increases from 0.80 to 0.87 eV, resulting in an enhancement in the thermal and photostability of the perovskite thin films.

Assessment of p-Xylene Migration Behaviour in Unsaturated Soil Systems: A 3-D Sand Flow Chamber Study

The influence of soil water content and contaminant injection pressure on the migration behaviour of p-Xylene (one of the organic pollutants in Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene & Xylene) is investigated in the unsaturated zone using the controlled laboratory sandbox experiments. The results show that, at equivalent migration distances, higher soil water content leads to longer migration durations and reduces transport velocities, whereas greater injection pressure promotes faster contaminant movement. These findings highlight the governing role of water saturation in the water–oil–gas three-phase system, in which increased water content decreases the relative permeability of the oil phase and retards capillary-driven BTEX transport. Unlike many previous studies in which contaminants commonly migrate downward toward the groundwater table, the BTEX in this study did not reach the water table and exhibited partial upward migration. Overall, the results provide experimental-scale insight into key mechanisms governing BTEX transport in unsaturated sandy media and serve as a reference for improving predictions of contaminant fate and migration pathways in field settings.

Multi-wavelength photodetector based on SnS2/Gr/SnS p-g-n trilayers with high responsivity and detectivity

Shiao Feng,Zirui Huang,Xiyu Jia,Mengjiao Dong,Chun Sun,Yonghui Zhang,Chao Fan

A SnS 2 /graphene/SnS trilayer vdW heterojunction was constructed. • Graphene promotes charge transport and suppresses dark current. • The device achieves 5656.3 A W −1 responsivity at 405 nm. • Broadband detection from 405 to 850 nm is demonstrated. • Self-powered operation and imaging applications are achieved. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are promising materials for broadband photodetection, benefiting from their favorable light–matter interaction and electrical properties. As an n-type layered semiconductor, SnS 2 is suitable for photodetection because carriers can move efficiently in it and incident light can be effectively absorbed, making it suitable for photodetection applications. In this work, SnS 2 /graphene/SnS (SnS 2 /Gr/SnS) trilayer van der Waals heterojunctions and corresponding photodetectors were fabricated and investigated. Owing to the graphene interlayer, which serves as both a carrier transport layer and a barrier layer, The detector responds to light over a wide spectral range, covering both the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and near-infrared (NIR) regions. Under 405-nm irradiation, the photodetector reaches an R value of 5656.3 A·W −1 and a D ⁎ value of 3.33 × 10 13 Jones. When the wavelength is extended to 850 nm, the responsivity remains 574.2 A·W −1 . The device also shows clear self-powered behavior, outperforming the conventional SnS 2 /SnS bilayer heterojunction photodetector. These results offer an effective strategy for improving SnS 2 -based broadband photodetectors and promotes their potential applications in optical communication and single-pixel imaging. Download: Download high-res image (225KB) Download: Download full-size image

N,S,P-Modified Carbon Dot Nanoadditives for High-Load Antiwear Protection for Steel-to-Steel Contact

Xia Junkun,He Zhongyi,Lei Juanhong,Long Qiyang,Xiong Liping,Li Lili,Liu Feng,Ouyang Laizhao,Zeng Xiangqiong

Carbon dots are attractive lubricant nanoadditives because their nanoscale size and tunable surface chemistry allow them to interact with confined friction interfaces. However, achieving effective antiwear protection under high contact loads requires surface structures that can couple physical filling with interfacial film formation. Here, N, S, and P-modified carbon dots (NSP-CDs) were prepared from glucose-derived carbon using taurine and phytic acid as heteroatom sources. The resulting NSP-CDs had an average size of about 2.5 nm and exhibited abundant oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-containing functional groups. When used as nanoadditives, 0.3 wt % NSP-CDs markedly improved the antiwear performance of steel-to-steel contacts. At 392 N and 1400 rpm, the average wear scar diameter decreased by 47.5% compared with the base oil, while the wear volume and apparent wear rate both decreased by about 92.4%. Wear scar morphology, elemental mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that NSP-CDs formed a composite protective film containing a carbonaceous adsorption layer, iron oxides/hydroxides, P–O/Fe–O–P-related phosphates, and oxidized sulfur species. The antiwear effect is attributed to the combined action of nanoparticle filling, rolling-polishing, and N, S, and P-assisted interfacial film formation. These results suggest that multielement surface modification is an effective strategy for designing carbon dot nanoadditives for high-load antiwear lubrication.

P/N/S-Containing Oligomer-Decorated MXene Nanohybrid for Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of PLA

Jingjing Gao,Yadong Wang,Jiaoyang Huang,Zongmin Zhu

In this work, an innovative MXene-based nanohybrid, denoted as MXene-PDS, is fabricated through the integration of MXene with P/N/S-functionalized organic oligomer via hydrogen bonding. The incorporation of low loadings of MXene-PDS imparts effective flame retardancy to polylactic acid (PLA) while maintaining its processing and mechanical properties. Under a loading of 3% MXene-PDS, PLA/3MXene-PDS attains the UL-94 V-0 rating and exhibits a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 22.8%. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) is reduced by 12.5%. Additionally, mechanical properties present good enhancement, with a notable 36% improvement in impact performance. The significant reduction in viscosity of PLA/3MXene-PDS greatly improves the processing performance. This study proposes a method for preparing MXene-based nanomaterial with high flame retardancy, which can endow polymers with multiple performance characteristics by adding a single functional additive.