JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 39
·51016
·
IF 3.125
Li Dang,Zhihui Lv,Xin Liu
In this work, the influences of 4ZnO·B 2 O 3 ·H 2 O zinc borate (ZB) whisker based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) containing ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene (PP) composites were characterized by the universal testing machine, UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter tests, respectively. The results indicate that only 1 phr of ZB could effectively improve the LOI value and slow down the burning rate of PP composite. The peak heat release rate, average of HRR, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, and total smoke production values are all decreased from 413.8 kW/m 2 , 166.3 kW/m 2 , 82.3 MJ/m 2 , 0.0995 m 2 /s, and 17.9 m 2 for PPc/20IFR composite to 267.8 kW/m 2 , 128.3 kW/m 2 , 66.8 MJ/m 2 , 0.0478 m 2 /s, and 12.6 m 2 for PPc/20IFR/1ZB composite, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy images, energy dispersive spectrometry, and Raman spectra of char residue reveal that ZB is helpful to form a compact and graphitized intumescent char residue so that the heat diffusion and oxygen transmission are greatly hindered. The thermogravimetry analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) results show that less combustible volatiles and more H 2 O vapor are generated with the appearance of ZB. Hence, the combustion mechanism in gas phase is suppressed.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 34
·50839
·
IF 3.125
Hanying Wang,Pingping Jiang,Pingbo Zhang,Huihang Zhao,Minzhong Zhao,Jianneng Deng,Zhiliang Cao
Methyl oleate, a kind of vegetable oil derivatives, was used as the raw material to synthesize novel polyols containing nitrogen and phosphorus (PNP) by three steps: amidaion, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction. The structure of the ensuing PNP was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, polyurethane films were prepared by mixing the resulting polyols (PNP) and poly-(tetra methylene glycol) with isophorone diisocyanate in different proportions. After that, the thermostability of polyurethane films was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetry, and cone calorimeter test. Similarly, mechanical property of polyurethane films was studied by tensile test. The results showed that as the amount of PNP increased, the tensile strength of polyurethane films increased from 2.0 to 13.5 MPa, the LOI values of polyurethane films went up from 20.1% to 25.5%. Moreover, the initial decomposition temperature of polyurethane films improved from 280 to 312°C and the total heat release drooped from 32.2 to 21.7 kW/m 2 without adding any other flame retardant. Therefore, it was observed that the polyurethane films have superior thermal stability and mechanical property and appear suitable for a wide range of applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 40
·51191
·
IF 3.125
Tariq Aziz,Sahid Mehmood,Fazal Haq,Roh Ullah,Farman Ullah Khan,Bakhtar Ullah,Muhammad Raheel,Mudassir Iqbal,Asmat Ullah
This research article describes the results of nano-silica composites filled with different epoxy contents containing nano-SiO 2 particles from (5–25 wt%). Reinforcing hybrid composites enhance thermal and mechanical properties to achieve vital and sustainable products. Silica-based nanocomposites with high purity were prepared and used for the surface modification of nanosized silica particles. The surface structure's composition and physical properties of modified nano-SiO 2 particles were characterized through Fourier transferred infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, and scanning electron microscopic. Silica-based nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating of modified nano-SiO 2 as an enhancing filler. The morphology of fracture surface and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that the silica-based epoxy nanocomposites are bearing a long chain structure that could improve the compatibility of silica nanocomposites with epoxy resin and contribute to a better dispersion state in the matrix, which enhanced the overall performance of epoxy-cured products.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 35
·50826
·
IF 3.125
Yujiao Liu,Ben Niu,Rixin Qi,Yuheng Zhang,Yunqiang Zhang,Mei Li
A simple and efficient approach derived from melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin was explored to synthesize porous thick plate-like carbon (TPC) using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as reagent and dispersant. Ultra-large lateral dimension of over 100–150 μm is achieved with high nitrogen (12.4 at%)/oxygen (10.8 at%) content after MF prolysis at 700°C. The introduction of PVA provides abundant micro and mesopores inside TPC and the folded layered structure increases the specific surface area both of which are beneficial to improve the electrochemical properties of the electrode. The optimized TPC (MTPC-0.2) shows remarkable rate capability as the current densities increased from 0.5 A/g (409.3 F/g) to 20 A/g (330.0 F/g). Further, the all-solid-state supercapacitors built from two identical MTPC-0.2 electrodes delivers dramatically improved volumetric specific capacitance (8.6 F/cm 3 at 1.2 mA/cm 2 ) and volumetric energy density (1.20 at 21.42 mW/cm 3 ) based on the total volume of device.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 21
·50500
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IF 3.125
Jianping Shi,Wei Zeng,Zhiwang Yang,Ju Li,Pufang Zhao,Hongtao Li,Xingxing Yan,Na Wen,Ziqiang Lei,Denglong Chen,Jie Guan
Organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant was obtained by modifying aluminum hydroxide with different particle size with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The structure of the organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, while 1 H-NMR spectroscopy only characterizes specific samples. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion of UL-94 and cone calorimeter. The results show that the modified 10 μm aluminum hydroxide has a better effect than the 25 μm aluminum hydroxide and 100 nm aluminum hydroxide. Compared with pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the LOI value of the best sample is increased by 24.4%, and UL-94 V reaches V-0 level. Heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon monoxide production rate decreased by 45.8%, 33.2%, and 41.5%, respectively, compared to pure PET. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide with a particle size of 10 μm exhibited the best flame retardant effect, which could be attributed to the decomposition of organic phosphoric acid and the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide, yielding a higher amount of residual carbon.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 20
·50461
·
IF 3.125
Zichao Yin,Wei Liu,Mutai Bao,Yang Li
Most ingredients used to construct porous substrate of hydrophobic magnetic absorbent for oil/water separation are toxic, environmentally incompatible and difficult to degrade. With the purpose of solving this problem, a magnetic chitosan (CS)-based aerogel decorated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was successfully fabricated in this work. The magnetic porous substrate was built by the electrostatic interactions between CS, itaconic acid and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (FeNPs) in water solution, followed by a freeze-drying process. The hydrophobic properties were rendered to the substrate by the crosslinking reaction of PDMS. Owing to the low density (0.0655 g/cm 3 ) and high porosity (92%), the prepared aerogel displayed high absorption capacities (8.89–22.38 g/g) towards the testing organic liquids. The silylation process provided the aerogel with excellent hydrophobic properties (water contact angle, 147.1°), resulting in selectively absorbing oil from immiscible oil/water mixture and water-in-oil emulsion. Due to the uniformly distributed FeNPs, the remote control of the aerogel by external magnetic field was acquired, the saturation magnetization of which was 11.22 emu/g. Furthermore, the aerogel could also continuously separate heavy oil from water by acting as filter. The experimental results indicate that this renewable, environmentally benign and bifunctional aerogel has great potential in oily wastewater remediation.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2021
·Vol. 138
·期 21
·50486
·
IF 3.125
Junhao Xie,Xuanchen Zhao,Shulin Sun,Shixin Song
Dielectric nanocomposites have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in electronics and electrical industry. Recently, incorporating core-shell nanoparticles into polymer matrix to improve the dielectric properties of nanocomposites has been widely reported. Tailoring the interfacial region between the polymer and the nanoparticles plays a crucial role in achieving the desired dielectric and energy storage properties of nanocomposites. However, the effect of shell structure in the interface region on the dielectric and energy storage properties is rarely studied. Based on this, core-shell BaTiO 3 nanoparticles with two different shell polymers, a “hard-soft” copolymer of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate (P[MMA-BA]) and a “hard” homopolymer of methyl methacrylate (PMMA), were prepared in this paper. The effect of core-shell BaTiO 3 nanoparticles with different shell structures on the dielectric and energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was investigated in depth. Due to the formation of a tight interfacial region between P(MMA-BA)@BT and PVDF matrix, P(MMA-BA)@BT/PVDF nanocomposites not only have low dielectric loss but also higher energy efficiency than PMMA@BT/PVDF nanocomposites. This study suggests a potential strategy that fabricating a “hard-soft” copolymer shell on BaTiO 3 surface can obtain desirable energy storage efficiency than the single “hard” shell structure in dielectric nanocomposites.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 21
·50465
·
IF 3.125
Shuoshuo Wang,Liqiang Yi,Yini Fang,Lina Wang,Juming Yao,Jaromir Marek,Ming Zhang
Recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) with potential to store and transform energy have attracted broad attention, especially in the field of thermal energy storage. However, the instability and leak proneness of PCMs limit their universal application. In this paper, core-shell fibers with 1-tetradecanol (TD) as core and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as shell were prepared via melt coaxial electrospinning method, and for improvement, the dye composed of crystal violet lactone (CVL) and bisphenol A (BPA) was added to the core to endow the fiber the function of reversible thermochromism. During the preparation process, it was found that the addition of NaCl could regulate the fiber morphology and strength its mechanical property. By adjusting the concentration of shell solution and the flow rate of core solution, the high-strength reversible thermochromic fibers were produced when polymer concentration was 24 wt% with a core feed rate of 0.4 ml/h. The latent heat of these fibers is up to 88.71 J/g. Besides, its color can change from blue to white when heated, and the transition temperature is around 38°C. And 100 thermal cycle tests of the fiber showed its strong thermal stability and thermochromic property.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 20
·50456
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IF 3.125
Yulin Li,Lili Chen,Yanhong Jia,Da Li,Xiufeng Hao,Mingjun Jia
Hydrogen production by formic acid (FA) has attracted widespread attention in the field of catalysis and energy chemistry. Here, we develop a highly efficient catalyst for FA dehydrogenation by surface amination of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The support of PAN derived from a soap-free emulsion polymerization was ammoniated by simply treating it with ethylenediamine (EDA) solution under heating. Compared with the parent PAN material, the aminated PAN (EDA-PAN) is a more suitable support to achieve high dispersion of Pd NPs with ultra-small particle size (around 1.2 nm), and to fabricate more active and stable supported Pd-based catalyst for FA dehydrogenation. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the Pd/EDA-PAN catalyst could reach to 3989 h −1 at 333 K without using any additional bases or additives. More significantly, the aminated catalyst could even work well at ambient temperature with a TOF of 688 h −1 at 303 K.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 138
·期 20
·50413
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IF 2.52
Zhe Huang,Bo Ruan,Jin Wu,Ning Ma,Tao Jiang,Fang-Chang Tsai
The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 138
·期 3
·49687
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IF 2.52
Kexin Liu,Lei Chen,Zhanxiong Li
4-(Perfluorobutyl)styrene, 4-(Perfluorohexyl)styrene, 4 - [Perfluorobutyl(tetrafluoro-λ 6 -sulfanyl)]styrene (C 4 F 9 SF 4 styrene), and 4 - [Perfluorohexyl(tetrafluoro-λ 6 -sulfanyl)]styrene (C 6 F 13 SF 4 styrene) were prepared in two or three steps. The short-chain perfluoroalkyl groups are modified through the insertion of tetrafluoro-λ 6 -sulfanyl linked groups ( SF 4 ). The prepared perfluoroalkyl styrene acts as functional monomers to react with butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate for emulsion copolymerization to obtain side-chain fluoropolymers. The long-chain fluoropolymer formed in contrast to the tetrafluorosulfanyl ( SF 4 ) modified ones. The emulsions were applied on cotton fabrics to give hydrophobicity. The result showed that the fabrics treated with tetrafluorosulfanyl-modified fluoropolymers were more hydrophobic, indicating that the introduction of SF 4 was beneficial to provide lower surface energy and obtain better water repellent performance. The water contact angles record the varying degrees of variation in polymer degradation under UV exposure. The result showed that, as the perfluoroalkyl is bonded by SF 4 , when comparing with the carbon-chain perfluoroalkyl polymer, the tetrafluorosulfanyl-modified fluoropolymer is more degradable during UV irradiation.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 138
·期 4
·49727
·
IF 2.52
Yabin Zhang,Jinfeng Cui,Lurong Wang,Hailong Yu,Fuchong Li,Baoping Yang,Junhong Guo,Bo Mu,Li Tian
In this work, two cross-linked Salen-based polyphosphazenes (Salen-PZNs: Salen-PZN-1 microspheres and layered Salen-PZN-2), which contains Salen-Schiff base and phosphazene components, were synthesized. The results showed that the peak heat release rate and total smoke production of 3% Salen-PZN-1/epoxy resin (EP) (3 wt% addition) were reduced by 23.8% and 87.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, after introducing the layered Salen-PZN-2 into EP, efficient flame resistance was obtained. The results of thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry proved that the harmful gasses of 5% Salen-PZN-1/EP composites were reduced during the combustion. The possible flame retardancy mechanism was considered to be the synergy of phosphate group catalysis, release of nitrogen-containing noncombustible gasses and gas phase quenching. Therefore, this work provides a method for preparing polymers with highly efficient flame-retardant properties.
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高影响因子
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