Journal of Environmental Sciences
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2026
·
IF 6.5
Yunhang Zhang,Yue Pan,Haibin Li,Shou-Qing Ni,Lingshuai Kong,Jinhua Zhan
Carbon nanorods are obtained from lignin via a mechanochemical process. • Surface oxidation and subsequent H-bonding are key drivers for the rod formation. • Carbon nanorods exhibit abundant oxygen functional group. • Carbon nanorods/PMS efficiently remove pollutants and pathogenic bacteria. Lignin is an abundant biomass resource widely used as a precursor for high-quality functional carbon synthesis. However, transforming lignin into structurally controllable carbon nanorods remains a significant challenge. A mechanochemical approach was employed to synthesize uniform carbon nanorods (CNRs) with an average diameter of 52 nm and a length of 5.7 μm, featuring abundant oxygenated functional groups. The infrared spectroscopy results show that hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in nanorod formation. In peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, CNRs achieve 99.4 % bisphenol A removal within 18 min with a rate constant of 0.264 min −1 , while the CNRs membrane maintained over 90 % pollutant removal within 1400 min and exhibited 99 % bactericidal efficiency. Free radical quenching experiments and electrochemical experiments confirmed that the electron transfer and 1 O 2 were the main pathways in the CNRs/PMS system. Life cycle assessment indicates that the mechanochemical route exhibits lower environmental impacts compared to conventional chemical vapor deposition. This study offers a ball-milling strategy for designing uniform carbon nanorods with promising applications in environmental and energy-related technologies. Download: Download high-res image (211KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·Vol. 25
·期 23
·10091-10100
·
IF 9.8
Mo Zhang,Zheng Li,Yeqin Feng,Xing Xin,Guo-Yu Yang,Hongjin Lv
Selective hydrogenolysis of abundant C–O bonds of β-O-4 linkages in natural lignin or lignin models has been considered as a key strategy for the generation of value-added organic chemicals. Herein, we report a mild, efficient, and selective photocatalytic strategy for hydrogenolytic cleavage of lignin β-O-4 models by using Ni-containing polyoxometalate (POM) catalysts and CdS quantum dots. Upon blue LED light irradiation, the present photocatalytic system can effectively transform various lignin β-O-4 models to the corresponding hydrogenolysis products (phenols and ketones) with >95% conversion and >93% product selectivity. A tentative photocatalytic mechanism is proposed based on various experimental and spectroscopic analyses. The facile strategy presented in our work could be extended to the photocatalytic preparation of various value-added chemicals from natural biomass or other biomass derivatives in the near future.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Guangxu Yang,Zhenggang Gong,Bei Zhou,Xiaolin Luo,Jing Liu,Guanben Du,Chengke Zhao,Li Shuai
Lignin is a phenolic polymer, making it a sustainable alternative to phenol for synthesizing lignin–phenol–formaldehyde (LPF) adhesives. However, technical lignins produced in pulping or biorefining processes are generally highly condensed and have low reactivity, limiting their uses in synthesizing phenolic-based adhesives. Herein, we report a two-step strategy to produce lignin-based wood adhesives with industrially available technical lignins through hydrodeoxygenation followed by acid-mediated methylolation of aromatic C2/6 positions to improve the flowability, water resistance, and crosslinking ability of lignins. We demonstrated that this biobased lignin–formaldehyde adhesive had a lighter color and far better adhesion performance compared to traditional LPF resins prepared from base-mediated methylolation of lignins. Mechanistic investigation suggests that the chemical crosslinking of methylolated lignin to form diarylmethane structures and the physical interlocking interaction at the interfaces of wood veneers contribute to the strength of plywood.
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CELLULOSE
·
2023
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IF 5.7
Chen Xinyue,Yang Mingyan,Cai Xiaodan,An Linyu,Lai Kunrong,Dou Yan
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite aerogels have been the focus of studies in organic solvent absorption and oil removal fields due to their low density, high absorption capacity, nontoxicity, and biodegradable properties. However, the complicated pretreatment process and increasing environmental concerns restrict the large-scale application of CNF-based materials. Herein, hydrophobic lignin containing nanofibril (LCNF)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogels (LPAs) were prepared through freeze-drying and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methyl trichlorosilane (MTMS). The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) result showed that the hydrophobic siloxane coating was successfully prepared on the LPA scaffold. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) result showed that the modified LPAs (M-LPAs) exhibited three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure. The aerogel presented outstanding physical properties including low density of 12.95 ± 0.40 mg/cm 3 , high porosity of 98.99%, high flexibility, and enhanced compressibility due to its homogenous porous structure. The wettability test revealed that the aerogel, with a water contact angle (WCA) up to 146 ± 2°, was highly hydrophobic. The M-LPAs exhibited absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents and the maximal absorption capacity of M-LPA-0.25 for chloroform could reach 106.80 ± 4.97 g/g aerogel. In addition, M-LPA-0.25 was capable of separating emulsified water/oil mixtures, which extends its potential application. Notably, the aerogel demonstrated good reusability because it still maintained more than 61% of its original absorption capacity after 10 extrusion cycles. The facile technique for the preparation of LCNFs from low-cost lignocellulosic biomass without a chemical bleaching process is green, sustainable. Thus it can be used to fabricate high-efficiency LCNF-based absorbents from agricultural waste for the removal of the oil and industrial organic solvent spills.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
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2023
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IF 5.8
Dahai Jiang,Ting Xu,Honggang Xiao,Wangbo Xu,Qingqing Zhu,Dong Liu,Yong Chen,Hanjie Ying,Huanqing Niu,Ming Li
This study developed a surface functionalized lignin-based sub-microsphere as an innovative support for enzyme immobilization . Lignin was first modified with a silane reagent leading to lignin/SiO 2 (LS) organic/inorganic hybrid particles, displayed as regular sub-micro spheres with a SiO 2 shell as demonstrated in SEM images. The LS particles were further modified to introduce nickel ions , as evidenced in XPS spectra , facilitating affinity adsorption with a his-tagged enzyme . The immobilization of adenylate cyclase from Haloactinopolyspora alba (HaAC), expressed in Escherichia coli , was conducted on the surface functionalized LS (LS-G-NTA-Ni). The immobilization conditions were optimized to achieve the highest relative activity, which were determined to be using a Ni 2+ concentration of 62.5 mM, at pH=9.5 and 25 °C, with an enzyme-to-support ratio of 4.0 for a duration of 2 h. The immobilized HaAC shows maximum relative activity at pH=9.5 and 40 °C, and exhibits significantly improved thermal stability compared to the free enzyme. After undergoing five reusing cycles, the immobilized HaAC maintains a satisfactory activity (54.15%), which is due to the surface chemistry and the structural stability of the functionalized LS. This work provides a valuable exploration for high-value application of industrial lignin.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr
·
2023
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·1698-1707
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IF 3.9
Chao Liu,Zhanghong Xie,Lili Tong,Yuyang Fan,Xiangchen Kong,Rui Xiao
In this study, a sealable fixed-bed reactor was developed to investigate the influence of gaseous products on lignin pyrolysis with a strategy of hydrogen self-supply, and lignin pyrolysis performances at various temperatures were monitored by the comprehensive characterization of the generated products, including gas, bio-oil and char. The results showed that the release of volatiles (both gas and bio-oil) from lignin was strengthened in this sealable system when the temperature rose, and therefore less char was left. Meanwhile no H 2 was detected under any of the operating conditions, which is a common component in pyrolysis gas from conventional reactors, indicating its participation in lignin pyrolysis. Furthermore, the formation of CO and CO 2 in the employed pyrolyzer benefited from not only the thermal evolution of feedstock, but also the interactions between char residues and generated gas components. Meanwhile, because of the hydrogen self-supply, compounds in bio-oil were enriched and only nine species were detected, which were all phenolic compounds. Vanillic acid was dominant, and its relative content was up to 38.86% for Alcell organosolv lignin and 34.41% for soda alkali lignin. This illustrates that highly selective production of phenolic compounds from lignin pyrolysis can be achieved by self-supplying hydrogen from pyrolysis gas.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Boyu Du,Yumeng Wang,Qian Zheng,Xing Wang,Xiaohong Chen,Jinghui Zhou,Guihua Yang,Run-Cang Sun
The development of eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness featured lignin-based adsorbents is of great interest for the removal of organic dyes and heavy metal ions. In this work, lignin was modified by 5-sulfosalicylic acid using epichlorohydrin and formaldehyde as across-linking agents. Then the prepared lignin product (C-SAL) was applied as an adsorbent for the malachite green (MG) and Pb 2+ ions, and the adsorption performances were investigated in detail via a series of experiments. The isotherm and kinetic models indicated that the chem-adsorption for both MG and Pb 2+ ions occurred in monolayer, and the thermodynamic models displayed that all processes were endothermic and spontaneous. Based on the calculation, the maximum adsorption capacities (Q max ) of C-SAL could achieve 203.45 and 115.67 mg/g for MG and Pb 2+ ions, respectively, which are superior to many other biomass-based adsorbents. Besides, 94.52 % and 88.27 % of initial adsorption capacities could be retained after eight cycles for MG and Pb 2+ ions, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism was also comprehensively investigated by the structural change characterizations, MESP analysis and DFT calculations. The results showed that the adsorption for MG molecules took place through electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, while that for Pb 2+ ions was attributed to the synergistic effect of complexation, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. In summary, C-SAL has the advantages of satisfied adsorption capacity and good recyclability, which can provide a low-cost and high-efficiency way for adsorptions of pollutants in practical applications.
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ACS Catalysis
·
2023
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IF 12.9
Shuai Xu,Qi Gao,Ziyan Hu,Yitong Lu,Yanlin Qin,Yuliang Li
The selective breaking of the Cβ–O bond has great potential for the conversion of lignin into high-value aromatic monomers. In the present work, we designed a CdS–SH/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst for the efficient selective breaking of the Cβ–O bond. The surface modification of CdS by –SH promoted close contact between the catalyst and lignin and further promoted the Fermi level matching with TiO2. A type-II heterojunction was constructed by CdS–SH and TiO2 nanosheets to enhance the light absorption range and further increase the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, resulting in high catalytic activity. Finally, 85% phenol and 87% acetophenone yields were obtained under mild light irradiation using 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol as the model substrate. Several control experiments, along with DFT calculations, indicate that the reaction pathway is more likely to involve the oxidation of Cα–OH to form Cα═O initially, followed by the activation of Cβ–O, which is then reduced to further form aromatic monomers. This work achieves the efficient selectivity of lignin depolymerization and provides a reference for the design of heterojunction photocatalysts in the valorization of lignin.
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Water Science and Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 4
Xiao-jie Guo,Wei-kang Fu,Jing-yuan Ma,Bo-jun Xi,Chen Wang,Meng-yao Guan
Lignocellulose has the potential to become a bio-based adsorbent due to its biodegradability and renewability. In this study, a novel polydopamine-functionalized-lignin (lignin@PDA), prepared via self-polymerization of dopamine (PDA) on lignin, was used as a bio-based adsorbent for rapid scavenging of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The morphology, functional groups, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of lignin@PDA were characterized with a scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Cr(VI) adsorption process of lignin@PDA was studied using batch experiments as a function of pH, ionic strength, adsorbent dose, and contact time at room temperature. The adsorption rate of lignin@PDA was five times greater than that of the unmodified lignin, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 102.6 mg/g in an acidic medium. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on lignin@PDA fit the pseudo-second-order equation and the Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorption process was mainly dominated by chemisorption and surface complexation. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of Cr(VI) on lignin@PDA was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The X-ray absorption fine structure results showed that sorption and reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) occurred simultaneously on lignin. Moreover, PDA coating not only improved the reactivity of lignin but also promoted the complete reduction of Cr(VI) by lignin. According to these results, polydopamine-functionalized-lignin is a promising bio-based adsorbent for immobilization of Cr(VI) from wastewater.
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高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Xin Zhao,Zeyu Zhang,Jiuyin Pang,Ling Su
Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials possess the advantages of being lightweight, high strength, and high modulus, making them extensively utilized in various domains including military, livelihood, and aerospace. However, the conventional resin matrix used in composite materials primarily consists of bisphenol A epoxy resin which has drawbacks such as low toughness, exorbitant cost, and environmental and human health hazards. Additionally, traditional bisphenol A epoxy resin is a non-renewable organic chemical raw material that does not melt or dissolve after permanent cross-linking and solidification, thus making degradation very difficult while hindering recyclability . In order to enhance the toughness, degradability , and recyclability of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials herein we synthesized modified nano lignin polyols using alkali lignin as a raw material. The successful synthesis of nano lignin polyols was confirmed through dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Subsequently, nano lignin polyol particles were incorporated into the matrix to fabricate a nano lignin polyol-based epoxy resin matrix. Consequently, carbon fiber reinforced nano lignin polyol epoxy resin matrix composite (NFRP) were prepared via vacuum impregnation followed by closed mould sealing and cooling detachment. The results demonstrated that, in comparison with the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (LFRP) prepared using the original lignin-based epoxy resin, NFRP exhibited a remarkable increase of 104.66% in flexural strength and a significant enhancement of 65.23% in flexural modulus , reaching an impressive value of 11.3 GPa. Moreover, the interlayer shear strength (ILSS) reached an exceptional level of 91.17 MPa, surpassing the standard carbon fiber composite materials available on the market. Additionally, NFRP displayed an outstanding tensile strength of 2337.50 MPa, expanding the application range of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials while reducing material damage rates and increasing their service life span. Notably, NFRP achieved an impact toughness value as high as 142.60 kJ/m 2 , which is equivalent to 184% of popular epoxy resin matrix EFRP found on the market today. These findings provide novel insights and methodologies for applications requiring higher toughness and strength requirements in composite materials while also paving new avenues for degradable recovery approaches for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.
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高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Jiao Li,Tao Li,Yang Wang,Zicheng Du,Yadan Luo,Chengrong Qin,Chen Liang,Caoxing Huang,Shuangquan Yao
It is of great significance to inhibit the repolymerization of lignin when removing hemicellulose by acid pretreatment . Adding a lignin fragment scavenger is an effective method to inhibit its repolymerization. Here, the effect of a bio-based polar aprotic solvent, levulinic acid (Lev), and γ-valerolactone (GVL) coupled pretreatment system on the separation yield of poplar biomass components was investigated. The optimum pretreatment conditions were a Lev concentration was 7.0%, reaction temperature was 170 °C, pretreatment time was 60 min, and GVL concentration was 9.0%. The separation yield of hemicellulose was 84.54%, which was a 4.53% increase over that with Lev pretreatment. The retention yield of cellulose was 89.68%. In addition, the separation efficiency was significantly improved when the pretreatment time was reduced by 40 min. The reaggregation of lignin was suppressed under the condition of maximum hemicellulose separation. In the lignin samples the content of β-O-4 was as high as 47.81%. Simultaneously, the content of phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl increased. The results revealed that Lev/GVL pretreatment had good hemicellulose separation selectivity and excellent lignin fragment removal efficiency. This provides a new strategy for suppressing adverse effects on the lignin structure in the efficient separation of hemicellulose in pretreatment.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 45
·e54643
·
IF 3
Jing Chen,Bengang Li,Xiaofeng Ma,Shuai Zhou,Qun Gu,Hua Bian,Zhenyang Luo
The flexibility and functionality of conductive hydrogels are crucial to applications under various scenarios and complex environments. Due to single functionality and weakness in mechanical properties, the application of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable devices remains a challenge. In this study, lignin-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (LPAA) was incorporated into acrylamide (AM)/sodium chloride (NaCl) solution to fabricate composite conductive hydrogels. NaCl enhanced the conductivity of hydrogels. The hydrogen-bond crosslinking network was formed by adding LPAA into the hydrogel, which enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel (the tensile strength was 96 kPa and the compressive strength was 0.54 MPa). With LPAA added, the adhesion of hydrogels was improved to 11.3 kPa on glass, 14.2 kPa on plastic, and 17.3 kPa on metal. LPAA also provided excellent UV shielding ability (99.95%) for hydrogels while maintaining good transparency. The conductive hydrogels with good sensitivity (Gauge Factor = 2.51, 100%–500%) and stability can be used as strain sensors for monitoring physical activity. It is expected to be a candidate material for future flexible wearable electronic devices.
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