BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
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2026
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IF 11.8
Man Xu,Meijin Li,Dianping Tang
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), one of the most important phytohormones, plays critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, minimally invasive and in-situ monitoring of IAA in living plants remains challenging due to the complex biological matrix and the lack of suitable in vivo sensing platforms. Herein, we report a minimally invasive microneedle electrochemical sensor for in vivo monitoring of IAA in plant leaves. A polymer microneedle array was fabricated and coated with a conductive Au layer, followed by electropolymerization of a molecularly imprinted poly(o-phenylenediamine) (poly-OPD) recognition film using IAA as the template molecule. The resulting microneedle sensor exhibited a selective electrochemical response toward IAA with good anti-interference capability against common electroactive plant metabolites. The sensor showed a linear response toward IAA over a wide concentration range with a low detection limit (0.44 μM). The microscale structure of the microneedles enabled minimally invasive insertion into plant tissues while maintaining structural integrity and stable electrochemical performance of the sensing platform. The developed sensor was further applied for in vivo monitoring of IAA fluctuations in tomato leaves under different physiological conditions. Distinct dynamic electrochemical response patterns were observed between normal and drought-stressed leaves, demonstrating the potential of the microneedle platform for plant physiological analysis and precision agriculture applications. This work provides a promising strategy for minimally invasive phytohormone sensing in living plants and expands the application of microneedle electrochemical devices in plant bioanalysis.
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高影响因子
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
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2026
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IF 6.8
Wang Xinlei,Jia Yan,Wang Chao,Li Danyang,Guo Xiaoping,Jiang Shengyu,Zhou Zhengjie,Gao Chencheng,Wang Fang
STUDY QUESTIONHow can the potential mechanisms and targets of endometriosis be explored through multi-omics and multi-location approaches?SUMMARY ANSWERThis exploration of the gut–reproductive axis in patients with endometriosis found that serotonin is elevated in endometriosis and promotes disease progression through enhanced cell proliferation and inflammation.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYEndometriosis is a common inflammatory disease. Recent studies indicate that peripheral serotonin, which is regulated by the gut microbiota, can promote the progression of irritable bowel syndrome and various cancers.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis cross-sectional study enrolled 22 endometriosis patients and 22 control patients with uterine fibroids (surgical cases, October 2022–June 2023). Samples of vaginal secretions, endometrial tissue, peritoneal lavage fluid, feces, and ectopic lesions were collected from both groups. For validation, serum samples were added from 20 additional endometriosis patients and 20 healthy reproductive-age volunteers.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSThis study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the microbiota in the vagina, endometrial tissue, peritoneal fluid, and feces of patients with endometriosis and control groups, complemented by untargeted metabolomic analysis of peritoneal fluid. The results identified serotonin as a key metabolite and revealed specific bacterial species, shared between the reproductive and gastrointestinal tracts of endometriosis patients, which were significantly correlated with serotonin levels. Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between serotonin, these bacterial species, and endometriosis. Serum serotonin levels in endometriosis patients, BALB/C mouse models, and their respective controls were measured using ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of serotonin and its receptors in both ectopic and normal endometrium. The effects of serotonin on the biological behavior of various endometriosis cell models, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were investigated using CCK8 assay, wound healing test, Transwell assay, apoptosis detection, ELISA, transcriptomics, and qPCR. The impact of serotonin on BALB/C mouse models was evaluated using H&E staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEWe identified a significant enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila (a bacterium shared by the gut and reproductive tract) in endometriosis patients, which positively correlated with peritoneal serotonin levels; Mendelian randomization analysis linked both to elevated endometriosis risk. Serotonin levels were elevated in patients’ serum (using mouse models) and in ectopic endometrium, in comparison to those of controls. In vitro, serotonin boosted endometriosis cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation, with upregulated IL-17/NF-κB pathways. In mice, serotonin treatment increased lesion growth, cell proliferation, and inflammation.LARGE SCALE DATAN/A.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION(a) The relatively limited sample size, together with potential imbalance in endometriosis ASRM stage distribution and cesarean section rates, may restrict the generalizability of our findings. In addition, due to the requirement for peritoneal lavage fluid collection, the control group could not consist of entirely healthy women, which may have resulted in a more conservative estimation of group differences. Serum sex hormone levels were not assessed; however, strict inclusion criteria and uniform surgical timing were applied to minimize hormonal confounding. Future studies incorporating cycle-phase–standardized hormone measurements may provide additional insights. (b) Dietary information was not collected in this study, despite the known influence of diet on gut microbiota composition and serotonin metabolism. (c) The direct causal relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and elevated serotonin levels remains to be established and warrants further validation using germ-free mouse models or fecal microbiota transplantation approaches. (d) The precise mechanisms by which the gut–reproductive tract microbiota axis regulates local and systemic serotonin synthesis remain unclear and require further investigation.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSOur study is the first to utilize a multi-omics approach combined with a joint analysis of the female gut–reproductive tract axis across multiple loci, revealing and validating a significant increase in serotonin levels in patients with endometriosis. This change may be regulated by the gut–reproductive microbiota axis. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of endometriosis and identify potential targets for prevention and treatment.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This study was funded by the Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Infectious Diseases (Grant No. 20200601011JC), Key Laboratory of Health and Family Planning Commission of Jilin Province (Grant No. 3D5200117426). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERChiCTR2300077490.
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MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
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2026
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IF 6.2
Shijun Huang,Mulan Li,Zifeng Ding,Jingwen Liu,Chaoyang Zhang,Tingting Dong,Yuanyuan Zhang,Cai-Fu Li
With the development of power electronic devices fabricated by wide-bandgap semiconductors, whose working temperature can reach over 250 °C, the corresponding die-attach material also should be able to withstand such a high temperature. Cu paste is an effective material to interconnect the chip with the substrate, but oxidation of Cu particles during storage and sintering now inhibits its application. In order to avoid oxidation, a Cu paste with self-reducibility and antioxidation ability was prepared. The Cu paste was mixed with two reductants and pre-oxidized Cu nanoparticles. The reductants can not only reduce the oxide layer but also provide a reducing atmosphere during sintering in air. Therefore, the in-situ reduced Cu nanoparticles can promote the necking growth without oxidation and lead to a higher strength. The maximum shear strength of 46.44 MPa was achieved by the joints that sintered at 300 °C for 30 min. In addition, the grain size, grain orientation and dislocation density of Cu joints sintered for various time were analyzed by Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) to illustrate the sintering mechanism. The initial grain boundary misorientation and the deformation strain from assisted pressure drive the grain boundary migration, leading to the formation of coherent interface, grain growth, dislocation accumulation and twin grain growth with the sintering time increased to 30 min. Therefore, the high shear strength was due to dislocation strengthening and twin grain strengthening.
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ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
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2026
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IF 10.9
Wu Hualu,Cao Lu,Wang Peiqi,Li Ruibin,Wu Jun,Fu Haoxin,Chen Yan,Jiang Shiqi,Xu Ren-ai
Imperatorin (IMP) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. This study preliminarily investigated the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the metabolism of IMP to heraclenin, identifying CYP3A4 as its primary metabolic enzyme. Furthermore, the impact of nine CYP3A4 variants on IMP metabolism was investigated, with CYP3A4.24 demonstrating the lowest relative clearance rate (6.26%). Additionally, the impact of napabucasin on IMP metabolism was investigated, revealing various degrees of inhibition in rat liver microsomes (RLM), human liver microsomes (HLM), and recombinant human CYP3A4. However, no significant alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed during co-administration in rats. Mechanism-based inactivation studies revealed that IMP inactivated CYP2D6 in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner, with kinetic parameters of k inact = 0.024 min⁻¹ and K I = 2.814 µM. The competitive CYP2D6 inhibitor quinidine was found to attenuate this inactivation, while GSH or catalase/SOD did not demonstrate a similar effect. This observation suggested that the active intermediate acted within the enzyme’s active site. Subsequent to oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, there was partial recovery of CYP2D6 activity, thereby confirming the quasi-irreversible inactivator property of IMP. These findings suggested that IMP may exhibit clinically significant interactions with drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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2026
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IF 7.2
Yanan Sun,Yuqing Fan,Yao Dang,Ping Ding,Xin Li,Gang Li,Haojie Luo,Jianliang Zhao,Guocheng Hu
Phthalates (PAEs) have attracted widespread attention as ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Among them, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most prevalent, particularly in the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride. Although the direct toxic effects of DEHP on exposed individuals are well documented, far less is known about the potential for parentally transferred DEHP to induce adverse outcomes in unexposed offspring. In this study, adult zebrafish were chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DEHP (0, 0.3, 3, and 30 μg/L) and subsequently spawned in DEHP-free water. DEHP accumulated in parental gonads and was transferred to unexposed F1 embryos. Compared to controls, offspring from parents exposed to 30 μg/L DEHP showed significantly increased embryo diameter and markedly impaired locomotor activity under light-dark cycles. Integrated multi-omics analysis further revealed that iba57 (mitochondrial function) and a2m3a (neurodevelopment) were consistently dysregulated at both mRNA and protein levels, linking the observed phenotypes to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disruption. These findings demonstrate that even at environmentally relevant concentrations, parentally transferred DEHP can induce persistent effects in unexposed offspring, suggesting that current ecological risk assessment frameworks may underestimate the long-term risks of DEHP.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
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2026
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IF 6
Jian Zhang,Guangrui Liu,Keke Xie,Jie He,Anqi Zhu,Lanting Gao,Jing Li,Xiao Han,Yanna Lin,Chao Hao
Acute postsurgical pain (APSP) poses significant pain management challenges in clinical due to limitations of current analgesics in efficacy or safety. This study developed an in situ injectable lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) depot for sustained release of Taphalgin (TAP), a tetrapeptide agonist of μ 1 -opioid receptors with potent analgesia and low side effects. A TAP-loaded hexagonal phase liquid crystalline (TAP/EG-LLC-Gel) was constructed by the self-assembly of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) via solvent exchange of propylene glycol with aqueous solution, characterized through polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological analysis. This TAP/EG-LLC-Gel demonstrated a cumulative release of 57.0 ± 2.6% (8 days) with mild initial burst release of 6.6 ± 1.8% (8 h), indicating favorable sustained release behaviors for TAP. Compared to free TAP, pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a 78-fold prolonged half-life (110.39 ± 30.10 h) for TAP/EG-LLC-Gel. The analgesic activity of TAP-LLC was evaluated in animal models of incision pain and acetic acid writhing, showing long-acting dose-dependent analgesia up to 8 days. This TAP-loaded in situ injectable LLC depot showed excellent sustained release behaviors with potent, long-acting and dose-dependent analgesia in two animal pain models, offering a promising solution for APSP management.
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MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
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2026
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IF 4.9
Diyi Liu,Lu Liu,Ping Yin,Yan Tian,Jing Zhang
17β-Estradiol (E2), a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical, is widely detected in various aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes, groundwater, estuaries, and coastal waters, posing significant ecological and health risks. Photodegradation is a key pathway for the transformation and removal of E2 from aquatic systems. This study investigated the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different sources and common inorganic anions (Cl − and NO 3 − ) on E2 photodegradation under simulated solar irradiation. The results indicated that the excited triplet state of DOM ( 3 DOM*), generated upon light absorption, was the key reactive species driving E2 photodegradation. Among the DOM sources examined, humic acid exhibited the strongest promotive effect on E2 photodegradation. Correlation analysis confirmed that terrestrial humic-like components within seawater DOM were the primary contributors to 3 DOM* formation. Seawater DOM from nearshore areas exhibited higher steady-state concentrations of 3 DOM* owing to greater terrestrial input. Both Cl − and NO 3 − effectively accelerated E2 photodegradation, and the E2 degradation rate increased with their concentrations. In contrast, the coexistence of Cl − , NO 3 − , and DOM inhibited E2 photodegradation. In DOM-dominated systems, the main transformation pathways of E2 involved oxidation and hydrolysis reactions on the phenolic ring. This study elucidates the effects of DOM source and water chemical composition on E2 photodegradation, which is crucial for accurately predicting its environmental fate and ecological risks. Moreover, the findings provide valuable insights into the photochemical transformation of other emerging organic contaminants.
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Scientific Reports
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2026
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·8120
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IF 4.9
Roopalakshmi R.,Kailas Saurabh,Sreelatha R.
The increasing digitization and transmission of government-issued electronic documents have intensified the need to protect the ’Handwritten signatures’-recognized as ’critical biometric identifiers’ from identity-related data breaches. For instance, as per 2025-RSA ID IQ Report, 40% of respondents reported Identity-related data breaches and 66% emphasized the significant damages caused by these breaches to their organizations. The existing privacy-preserving anonymization research is primarily focusing on facial features and fingerprints, whereas the Pseudonymization of handwritten signatures in publicly accessible documents remains largely underexplored in the literature. This research study proposes a new Fully Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based Pseudonymization framework using SuperPoint architecture integrated with Differentiable output decoding, which aims to identify and pseudonymize the handwritten signatures in public-domain documents, specifically in Indian Government issued Permanent Account Number (PAN) cards. In contrast to traditional anonymization approaches, this pseudonymization technique preserves document utility by securing sensitive data and thereby enables traceable identity protection without compromising the structural integrity of input documents. Extensive evaluations are carried out on a curated dataset of 500+ real-world PAN cards, which establishes the model’s robustness and applicability in large-scale deployments. The results of comparative analysis with baseline techniques including ORB, FAST, SIFT and deep CNN, clearly demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of various metrics such as Precision, Recall, SSIM, runtime efficiency, and spatial overhead. In addition, the research findings suggest practical implications for embedding CNN-based pseudonymization into Public-sector Document processing pipelines, which supports secure and utility-preserved digital archiving in compliance with modern privacy GDPR standards.
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JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
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2026
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IF 4.8
Mengyuan Cui,Xu Huang,Chenxu Zhao,Surya Kant,Shanshan Yang,Wenxuan Zhu,Xiaorong Fan,Shubin Sun,Guohua Xu,Xiaowen Wang
Minimizing the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crops is crucial for human health. While OsNRT2.3b overexpression reduced phenanthrene (Phe) in rice, the underlying mechanisms and its response to complex conditions remained unclear. This study first confirmed a negative correlation between OsNRT2.3b expression and Phe utilizing 16 varieties. Further, to investigate whether the pH-sensing site H167 of OsNRT2.3b is the key, the wild-type (WT), OsNRT2.3b -overexpression (Ox), and H167-mutated OsNRT2.3b overexpression (H167R) were employed to expose to Phe under different nitrogen (N) and pH. Individual N and pH experiments demonstrated that H167 played a decisive role in suppressing Phe, with Phe in H167R being significantly higher than Ox. Moreover, both -N compared to + N, and pH 4.0 compared to 7.0, increased Phe while simultaneously enhancing H167-mediated regulation. Phe in Ox was significantly lower than H167R by 24.6% (-N) and 22.3% (pH 4.0). Combined pH and N treatments revealed that H167 was most effective under acidic and N-deficient conditions. Under hydroponic pH 4.0 & -N and pot soil pH 5.4 & LN, Phe in the roots of Ox were 19.7% and 17.3% lower than H167R. Effect size analysis indicated that an acidic environment exerted a stronger effect on H167-mediated Phe reduction than N under the conditions tested. Notably, in grains, the pH-specific mediation by H167 decreased Phe by 16.6% under acidic and N-deficient soil. This study provides a basis for mitigating Phe accumulation and associated PAH-related risks in rice through molecular strategies and soil pH and N management.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 5.1
Shanhong Ma,Dang Cheng,Fener Chen
Gas-forming gas–liquid systems are common in pharmaceutical, chemical, and energy processes. Microchannel reactors offer an effective platform for intensifying such multiphase systems. In this study, bubble growth dynamics in viscous Newtonian (glycerol) and non-Newtonian (xanthan gum) fluids within a rectangular microchannel were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Carbon dioxide bubbles were generated via the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium bicarbonate. A high-speed camera was used to observe bubble evolution. Results showed that increasing concentrations of either glycerol or xanthan gum reduced bubble growth rates, whereas total flow rate had a negligible effect. A theoretical model was developed to describe bubble growth with chemical reactions in both fluid types, and its predictions agreed remarkably well with experimental data. The insights obtained can be helpful for the design and optimization of gas–liquid microchannel reactors for relevant applications.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Gui-Mei Dong,Xue-Chen Pei,Wei-Cong Pan,Qian Wang,Fa-Wen Yin,Lei Qin,Da-Yong Zhou
Phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) are the major lipid components of Antarctic krill oil (AKO), yet their distinct roles in undesirable flavor formation remain unclear. This study compared the volatile profiles of purified PL and TAG fractions from AKO during accelerated storage. Results showed that PL contained significantly higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids than TAG and generated a more diverse array of volatile compounds. A total of 42 and 37 volatiles were identified in PL and TAG, respectively, with amines—especially trimethylamine (TMA)—being the key discriminatory compounds exclusive to PL. Model systems further suggested that TMA is produced via a non-enzymatic pathway: phosphatidylcholine is hydrolyzed to release choline, which is subsequently oxidized under metal ion (Fe 3+ ) catalysis to form TMA. These findings provide novel insights into the origin of the characteristic ammonia odor in oxidized AKO and establish a theoretical foundation for flavor control in AKO products.
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ENERGY & FUELS
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2026
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IF 6
Shuai Zhou,Qiuyan Quan,Hongke Yang,Zhi Ye,Xueli Long,Tinglei Liu,Haien Yang,Dongzhi Yang
This study systematically investigates the swelling, time-dependent mechanical decay, and degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based gels under simulated high-temperature reservoir conditions. A Ca2+-induced “environmentally self-enhancing” PAM/sodium alginate (SA) composite gel was designed to alleviate the pronounced performance decline caused by swelling and degradation. In this system, progressive cross-linking between SA and Ca2+ in formation water leads to the formation of an interpenetrating network (IPN), which contributes to improved structural stability. Experimental results indicate that incorporating 1.5% SA into a 20% PAM gel increases the swelling strength by a factor of 6.7, while the three-month strength retention improves from 14% to 50%. The composite gel also shows enhanced fatigue resistance and a delayed swelling response. In addition, PAM/SA microspheres prepared via inverse emulsion polymerization exhibit improved mechanical robustness after Ca2+ cross-linking, with the elastic modulus increasing by 36%. Core flooding experiments show that PAM/SA microspheres are able to gradually form stable plugging structures in porous media. After 7 days of swelling, the plugging ratio increases by 23% and the oil displacement efficiency improves by 3% compared with PAM microspheres. Microfluidic visualization further indicates that swollen microspheres form reconfigurable deposits within pore throats, which suppress preferential flow. Both the plugging pressure and the frequency of pressure fluctuations increase noticeably, and the displacement efficiency rises by 4%, reflecting enhanced flow field regulation. Overall, this study provides cross-scale experimental evidence for the environmentally induced strengthening mechanism of PAM/SA gels and suggests their potential application in deep conformance control.
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