Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis
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2026
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IF 2.1
Liu Chunxiao,Cai Baoli,Yin Wang,Huang Zhixian
In this study, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EBAC) was synthesized via the transesterification between ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EB) and butyl acetate (BAC) with Amberlyst 15 resin adopted as the catalyst. The influences of ether-ester molar ratio (1:1–1:4), reaction temperature (333.15–373.15 K) and catalyst dosage (2–10 wt%) on the reaction were investigated through experiments. On the basis of kinetic experimental data, the pseudo-homogeneous (P–H) model and Langmuir–Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model were constructed and compared. The LHHW model delivered superior fitting performance, with the maximum root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) reaching 0.0118. Fixed-bed reactor simulation was carried out by means of COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the simulation outcomes were verified against experimental results. The average errors of molar fractions for EB and EBAC at the reactor outlet were 0.0331 and 0.0224, which verifies the reliability of the kinetic model. Meanwhile, combined with relevant experiments and characterization results, it is confirmed that the selected catalyst possesses excellent structural stability and recycling potential. On this foundation, a conceptual-design scheme for the continuous reaction-separation process was put forward to separate the azeotrope composed of BAC and n -butanol (BUOH) generated in the transesterification reaction. This research provides new insights and a theoretical foundation for the exploitation of transesterification-based processes for EBAC manufacture.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
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2026
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IF 4.1
Xu Zhiyue,Tian Yunlong,Wang Kejian,Chen Peng,Dang Yize,Zhang Chengzhuang,Hu Cong,Fang Jia
Pr-doped CeO 2 catalysts are investigated for low-temperature soot oxidation under controlled thermogravimetric conditions. A series of Ce 1−y Pr y O x mixed oxides ( y = 0.1–0.5) are synthesized using a hydrothermal precipitation method. The effects of Pr incorporation and soot-to-catalyst mass ratio on soot oxidation are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that Pr incorporation improves soot oxidation activity compared with pure CeO 2 . Among the investigated catalysts, Ce 0.9 Pr 0.1 O x with a nominal Pr/(Pr+Ce) ratio of 0.1 exhibits the highest catalytic activity, with the lowest peak combustion temperature and the highest maximum reaction rate. Further optimization of the soot-to-catalyst mass ratio shows that a ratio of 1:3 provides the best oxidation performance, with a peak combustion temperature of 432.7 °C and a maximum reaction rate of 41.6%min −1 . XRD results reveal changes in lattice parameters and crystallite size after Pr incorporation into CeO 2 , while SEM analysis shows variations in particle morphology and aggregation behavior. XPS analysis indicates changes in the relative proportion of surface Ce 3+ species among different catalysts. These results suggest that Pr incorporation modifies the structural and surface properties of CeO 2 , which may contribute to enhanced soot oxidation activity under laboratory-scale TGA conditions.
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BIODEGRADATION
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 5
·151
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IF 4.2
Du Xinyue,Liu Hongyan,Aikemu Abudumukeyiti,Xu Qianqian,Cao Xiaoyu,Lin Kun,Yan Hai
Excessive alcohol intake triggers a series of systemic health hazards through the accumulation of acetaldehyde, a major carcinogen that poses a severe threat to human health. Here, a promising probiotic bacterial strain capable of biodegrading both ethanol and acetaldehyde was successfully isolated from healthy human feces and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YDL-01. In vitro assays demonstrated that an initial concentration of 5.0 g/L of ethanol or acetaldehyde could be completely biodegraded within 72 h or 16 h, respectively, by whole cells or cell-free extracts (CEs) of YDL-01, indicating that YDL-01 possesses a strong capacity for the biodegradation of both compounds. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the key genes responsible for alcohol metabolism in YDL-01, elucidating a complete catabolic pathway: ethanol is initially converted to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1), and acetaldehyde is further transformed into acetic acid via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.10). In vitro safety assessments confirmed that YDL-01 exhibits no hemolytic activity and lacks amino acid decarboxylase activities, preliminarily verifying its biosafety, which is critical for the development of functional foods or biotherapeutic products for ethanol and acetaldehyde detoxification. Graphical abstract
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Cancer Cell International
·
2026
·
IF 7
Siyi Liu,Lin Liang,Zihua Zhou,Chenyu Zhang,Shan Liao,Qian He,Yan Lei,Juan Xu,Gengqiu Luo,Yanling Li,Yanhong Zhou
As a cell surface glycoprotein, CD90 plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of malignancies such as gastric cancer (GC) by influencing tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. However, its specific role in immune evasion in GC and its potential therapeutic value have not been fully explored. In this study, we report that CD90 is highly expressed in GC tissues and is positively correlated with macrophage immune infiltration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD90 can mediate immune evasion in GC by affecting the phagocytic function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Mechanistically, CD90 functions as a scaffold protein, inhibiting the interaction between IGF2BP2 and TRIM21. This inhibition stabilizes the expression of the m6A methylation reader protein IGF2BP2. Subsequently, IGF2BP2 enhances the mRNA stability of the immune checkpoint molecule CD47 in an m6A-dependent manner, leading to the activation of the CD47/SIRPα axis. Ultimately, by inhibiting the phagocytic function of TAMs, CD90 mediates immune evasion in GC. In summary, our work highlights the critical role of the CD90-IGF2BP2-CD47 axis in immune evasion in GC. This finding is expected to provide significant experimental evidence for elucidating the pathogenesis of GC and discovering potential molecular targets for clinical treatment.
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.1
Yang Chan,Yan Zihan,Qin Yanru,Wei Ying,He Ziyi,Mo Liuting,Lin Weiying
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a critical enzyme in the base excision repair pathway, is a potential biomarker for numerous cancer types. Traditional APE1 activity detection methods are hindered by complex protocols, expensive labeling requirements, and vulnerability to environmental factors. Herein, we develop a label-free ratiometric fluorescent biosensor (TCHG) that integrates APE1-mediated catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification with split G-quadruplex/malachite green (MG)–mediated aggregation-induced emission (AIE) signaling for sensitive activity analysis of APE1. Our system operates through APE1’s specific cleavage of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-containing double-stranded substrates, which releases trigger strands that initiate a CHA cascade. This cascade drives the assembly of split G-quadruplex structures. Upon reconstruction, the complete G-quadruplex binds MG, generating amplified near-infrared fluorescence with AIE characteristics. Simultaneously, Hoechst 33258 (HOE) embedded within double-stranded DNA provides a stable reference signal, enabling self-calibrated ratiometric output that effectively minimizes signal fluctuations from instrumental and environmental variations. The TCHG biosensor demonstrates high selectivity for APE1 with a detection limit of 2.4 × 10 –3 U/mL. Importantly, it maintains reliable analytical performance in complex biological matrices, including fetal bovine serum and various cell lysates, successfully differentiating endogenous APE1 activity between normal and cancer cells. The TCHG system offers a tool for APE1 activity analysis in biological samples, with potential applications in biomedical research. Graphical abstract
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CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
·
2026
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IF 13.6
Zhou Chen,Bai Dongsheng,Zhao Jiawei,Yin HongJie,Du Jiaying,Gu Chunyang,Wang Yuxiang,Lin Binyan,Lu Na,Zhao Yue
The cGAS-STING signaling serves as a central hub for innate immunity by orchestrating type I interferon production and inflammatory cascades in response to cytosolic DNA. A critical rate-limiting step in this pathway involves STING exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a process initiated by COPII-mediated trafficking that requires ER membrane curvature formation. However, the molecular mechanism that drives this process is poorly understood. In this study, we identify VMP1, an ER-resident transmembrane protein, as a negative regulator that constrains STING ER exit and downstream signaling activation. VMP1 controlled ER PtdIns(3)P accumulation, which was essential for ER membrane curvature formation. Depletion of Vmp1 triggered CDIPT-dependent PtdIns(3)P synthesis through a non-canonical pathway independent of VPS34 stability and MTMR3 expression. Furthermore, VMP1-mediated macroautophagy degraded Rab10 GTPase, thereby suppressing CDIPT recruitment to the ER membrane. Myeloid-specific Vmp1 knockout mice exhibited augmented antiviral defense against DNA virus infection but displayed unaltered susceptibility to RNA virus infection. These results suggest that VMP1 controls STING trafficking by modulating the Rab10-CDIPT axis to restrict ER PtdIns(3)P accumulation and limit ER membrane curvature formation required for COPII vesicle biogenesis.
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Nature Photonics
·
2026
·
IF 38.1
Yang Hao,Wang Yu,Li Hongshi,Wu Yuqiang,Li Saisai,Han Xue,Wang Di,Ding Zijin,Han Yijia,Zheng Qiao,Chen Letian,Du Zhuowei,Alshahrani Thamraa,Chen Cong,Wang Xiao-Ye,Jiang Yuanzhi,Yuan Mingjian
Scalable, conformal nickel oxide (NiO x ) is essential for uniform charge extraction in large-area inverted perovskite modules, yet traditional deposition comes with a trade-off between structural coverage and surface reactivity. Here we report a coordination-regulated strategy based on chemical bath deposition that resolves this bottleneck by governing the NiO x crystallization kinetics. By leveraging the high thermodynamic stability of Ni 2+ –potassium tartrate (Pta) complexes, we suppress disorderly aggregation and halve the hydrolysis rate constant to 0.124 l mol −1 min −1 . This precise kinetic control yields dense and conformal films with refined 4.8-nm nanocrystallites. This nanostructural refinement maximizes the surface density of hydroxyl groups, providing robust anchoring sites where self-assembled monolayers can form a chemically cohesive and defect-suppressed buried interface. Our Pta-NiO x strategy delivers inverted devices with a champion power conversion efficiency of 27.40% (certified reverse-scan power conversion efficiency of 27.35%) and module efficiencies of 23.42% (17.7 cm 2 ) and 21.97% (81.5 cm 2 ). Small-area devices retained 90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 2,656 h, and 17.7 cm 2 mini-modules retained over 90% after 1,200 h under the ISOS-L-1I protocol.
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 15
Yong-Bo Liu,Jing-Tian Zhang,Jun-Nan Hu,Shen Ren,De-Yang Huo,Ling-Jie Song,Wei Li
Atherosclerosis is a complex pathology driven by chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and thrombosis, necessitating multi-pathway therapeutic strategies. Herein, we engineered an oral multi-stage platform (RALM) comprising aspirin (Asp) and ginsenoside Rg3 co-loaded phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes (RA-Lipo) encapsulated within sodium alginate microspheres. Physicochemical and biological evaluations revealed that the incorporation of Rg3 into the lipid bilayer as a cholesterol substitute yielded uniform RA-Lipo, which exhibited colloidal stability, intestinal epithelial transport, and prolonged systemic circulation. The electrosprayed alginate matrix functioned as a pH-responsive barrier, preventing premature degradation in the gastric environment and enabling the sustained release of RA-Lipo within the intestinal tract. Following oral administration in HFD-induced ApoE -/- mice, integrated 16 S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics revealed that RALM reshaped HFD-induced dysbiosis and modulated the metabolic profile, characterized by an increased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes (B/F) ratio along with decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and elevated arginine levels. Fluorescence tracking experiment further demonstrated that the liberated RA-Lipo accumulated within aortic plaques. At the cellular level, RA-Lipo activated the PPARγ pathway, thereby enhancing cholesterol efflux and inhibiting foam cell formation. Ultimately, this synergistic regulation translated into remarkable therapeutic efficacy, effectively reducing plaque burden, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and demonstrating superior anticoagulant activity. Supported by a favorable safety evaluation, this RALM platform offers a comprehensive approach for alleviating atherosclerosis progression.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2026
·Vol. 37
·期 13
·1001
·
IF 3.2
Chen Huyue,Wang Jingrong,Lu Tengfei,Xu Deming,Xu Haiping,Yang Dandan,Chen Lifei
TiO 2 was deposited on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by the sol–gel method to construct core–shell structured MXene@TiO 2 fillers, which were then introduced into the PVDF matrix to prepare dielectric composite films. The effects of TiO 2 deposition ratio and filler loading on the dielectric properties of the composites were systematically investigated, and the thermal and mechanical properties of the optimized system were further evaluated. The results showed that the TiO 2 coating layer could construct an effective interfacial insulating structure, which enhanced interfacial polarization while suppressing carrier migration and the formation of leakage pathways, thereby enabling the synergistic regulation of dielectric constant and dielectric loss. When the TiO 2 deposition mass ratio reached 50%, the composites showed a more effective overall interfacial modulation effect. Under these conditions, the 15 wt% composite delivered the optimal overall dielectric performance, with a dielectric constant of 29.1 and a dielectric loss as low as 0.051, representing a significant reduction compared with that of the unmodified MXene/PVDF composite (0.59), and it also exhibited superior dielectric stability. At the same time, the thermal stability and mechanical performance of the composites were also enhanced. The study confirms that building a TiO 2 interfacial insulating layer is an effective approach to enhancing the dielectric performance of PVDF-based composites while realizing the coordinated optimization of multiple properties.
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WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 42
·期 6
·265
·
IF 4.7
Ling Ruijing,Hou Shuting,Mao Xiangzhao,Secundo Francesco,Zhou Wei,Xi Meiyi,Xiao Yang,Gao Bei
Zeaxanthin is an oxygenated carotenoid with established physiological functions in ocular health and antioxidant protection. Currently, industrial zeaxanthin production relies primarily on plant extraction and chemical synthesis, which is costly and poses a significant environmental burden. Microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative, where the gene dosage of key enzymes critically influences biosynthetic performance. However, optimizing copy number remains challenging for pathways requiring tandem insertion of introduced genes into limited genomic loci. Accordingly, this study developed a genetic system rNTS, which targets the r ibosomal n on- t ranscribed s pacer region for one-step, high-copy integration of multiple genes and direct assessment of gene dosage effects. F luorescence I ntensity R atio s (FIRs) served as indicators for the direct and quantitative estimation of gene copy number and the selection of optimal dosage. An individual rNTSi ( integration ) vector integrated up to 40 single-gene copies, while parallel rNTSi vectors enabled multi-gene strains totaling 20 copies with independent visual selection. Following marker removal with rNTSr ( removal ) vector via the Cre/LoxP system, selection markers were efficiently reused for iterative integrations to achieve 32 copies. Applying rNTS to zeaxanthin biosynthesis rapidly identified the optimal dosage of the rate-limiting enzyme CrtZ, yielding titers of 1.10 g/L under glucose fermentation and 1.19 g/L under methanol-induced fermentation. Owing to its high efficiency, multi-gene copy number readability, and iterative integration capacity, the rNTS strategy offers an additional solution for quantitative gene-dosage assessment and microbial biosynthetic pathway optimization. Graphical abstract The rNTS system enables one-step, multi-copy integration anditerative assembly of synthetic genes, allowing rapid optimization ofgene dosage in microbial cell factories. This facilitates efficientutilization of renewable carbon sources and enhances cellular catalyticcapacity, demonstrating a universal strategy for pathway optimizationand metabolic biology. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
·
2026
·Vol. 132
·期 5
·426
·
IF 3
Yuan Liu,Tianqi Wang,Chunming Song,Yan Cui
Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs) exhibit significant application potential in the fields of temperature sensing and self-regulating heating for electronic devices. Leveraging their unique Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) effect, these materials can effectively serve as overheat protection mechanisms. However, conventional CPCs are predominantly based on rigid, highly crystalline matrices. This characteristic not only restricts their application in flexible electronics but also results in relatively high Curie temperatures that fail to meet the requirements for precise thermal control at room temperature. To address these limitations, this study prepares and investigates a novel flexible, room-temperature polymeric PTC material. The material was prepared by blending graphite powder (GP) with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/polystyrene (PS), with PS acting as a support material to provide flexibility. In addition, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristics and mechanical properties of the materials were experimentally investigated. The results show that the prepared composites have good PTC properties and flexibility. The flexibility of the new PTC material is optimal when the graphite powder content is 17% and the mass ratio of EVA/PS is 3:2. At the same time, changing the filler particle size can greatly affect the room temperature thermal conductivity and PTC strength of the material.
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Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·350
·
IF 38.5
Chen Xue-Lu,Liu Yu-Yang,Biswas Sudip,Yang Yi,Shi Yi,Liu Chun-Gen,Xia Xing-Hua
Site-specific underpotential deposition strategy enables precise spatial control over atomic-level active sites, enriching adjacent Pt sites while tuning oxidation states
Adjacent-site proximity dominates hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, with adjacent Pt sites deliver a 41-fold higher mass activity than isolated Pt sites.
Pt–H–Pt bridge intermediate at adjacent sites lowers the H–H coupling barrier and accelerates HER kinetics.
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