iScience
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2026
·Vol. 29
·期 8
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IF 4.5
Bangyu Liu,Lian Weng,Gaocheng Zhan,Jiawei Cong,Gongwei Hu,Yiman Liu,Min Liu
Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments threatens ecosystem health and water security; yet, efficient, recyclable, and environmentally benign removal remains challenging. Here, a magnetically actuated miniature bamboo-fiber robot (MBFR), functionalized with a porous chitin foam, is demonstrated for antibiotic removal from complex water matrices. Bamboo and chitin afford biodegradability and facile fabrication, while Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles enable fuel-free magnetic actuation, directional propulsion, and magnetic retrieval. The chitin foam provides abundant binding sites for broad-spectrum antibiotic capture through cooperative noncovalent interactions. Magnetic actuation accelerates interfacial mass transfer, with maximum adsorption capacities of 435.60 mg/g for norfloxacin (NOR) and 391.69 mg/g for oxytetracycline (OTC). After 20 adsorption-desorption cycles in natural-water matrices, MBFRs retained over 90% NOR removal and remained effective under representative matrix interferences. This work may open up prospects for functional biomass-derived robots in the active and recyclable remediation of antibiotic-contaminated waters.
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ACS Photonics
·
2026
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IF 6
Li Guifeng,Tan Xiaotian,Wang Guoquan,Peng Yunli,Liu Yuliang,Li Zhonghao,Cai Zhihan,Yang Xi,Gong Yuan,Gong Chaoyang,Zhu Tao
Direct observation of individual
biomolecular events offers mechanistic
insights into biological processes and provides a powerful tool for
early disease diagnosis. However, the fundamental scale mismatch between optical
wavelengths and molecules restricts the application of
label-free techniques, leading to a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Here, we propose a high-contrast, label-free approach based on interferometric
imaging, utilizing the strong evanescent field supported on a microfiber
surface to provide near-field illumination. We observed unique interference
patterns generated by in-plane scattering from natural defects, which
enabled the high-contrast detection of localized phase changes induced
by single molecules. The results indicate an approximately 38 dB enhancement
in the SNR over the conventional fluorescence methods without employing
any plasmonic or microcavity-based amplification techniques. This
approach was further applied to track molecular dynamics, capturing
both the conformational transition and binding behaviors of individual
protein molecules. Meanwhile, the stimulus response of single molecules
to acoustic waves was investigated, demonstrating the ultimate miniaturization
of an acoustic sensor at the single-molecule scale. By enabling direct
observation of molecular dynamics and mechanical responses at the
single-molecule level, this approach provides a versatile platform
for probing fundamental biological processes and developing ultrasensitive
biosensors. Moreover, this approach lays the foundation for coupling
optical and acoustic waves on the molecular scale, opening new avenues
for next-generation single-molecule diagnostics and molecular physics
studies.
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Nano Energy
·
2026
·
IF 16.7
Junyi Cai,Jialu Li,Xingchi Wang,Qi Tang,Ziao Xu,Faqiang Wang,Jianyong Yu,Bin Ding,Zhaoling Li
CNFs-induced interfacial hydration regulation enables highly oriented graphene-sheet assembly. • Free-standing graphene sheets achieve a high Herman’s orientation factor ( f ) of 0.83. • Superior mechanical strength and electrical conductivity are simultaneously realized. • Exceptional mechanical durability enables 91.6% capacitance retention after 10,000 bends. Increasing the mechanical stability and in-plane electrical conductivity of free-standing graphene sheets is a critical step toward the development of next-generation electronic devices. However, macroscopic defects (nanoplatelet folding, structural collapse, and interlayer misalignment) inevitably occur during solution-based assembly, severely compromising the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Here, we demonstrate that reconstructing the interfacial hydration environment using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) provides an effective route to regulate the assembly dynamics of graphene oxide nanosheets. The hydroxyl-rich surfaces of CNFs establish robust interfacial hydration layers through dynamic hydrogen-bonding interactions with both graphene nanosheets and water molecules, which regulate nanosheet assembly while suppressing capillary-induced structural disorder during solvent removal. Consequently, the reduced graphene composite sheets exhibit highly ordered in-plane alignment and interlayer stacking coherence. The resultant sheets achieve an ultrahigh electrical conductivity of 1454.9 S cm −1 , a favorable tensile strength of 738.3 MPa, and excellent mechanical durability, retaining over 91.6% of their initial capacitance after 10,000 bending cycles. This work reveals the pivotal role of interfacial hydration in governing the assembly dynamics of graphene nanosheets and establishes a general framework for constructing highly ordered graphene architectures toward high-performance electronic devices. Download: Download high-res image (193KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 19.9
Xiangyi Zhang,Zihan Xing,Tong Wang,Limin Wu
Passive radiative cooling provides a sustainable, zero-energy cooling pathway, yet it faces a fundamental challenge in humid or cloudy conditions due to the blockage of the atmospheric transparency window and increased downward atmospheric radiation. Herein, we present a hierarchical Janus bilayer metafabric (TS/PLU) that synergistically combines radiative and evaporative cooling for thermal management with humidity resilience. Integrating a hydrophobic TPU/h-SiO 2 reflection layer with a hygroscopic PAN/LiCl@UiO-66 regulation layer achieves superior solar reflectance (>96%), high atmospheric-window emissivity (96.6%), and moisture capture and evaporation. Crucially, a “harvest-storage-release” mechanism is enabled by UiO-66-confined LiCl, mitigating deliquescence and salt leakage while facilitating heat dissipation even when radiative power is attenuated by high humidity. Asymmetric wettability ensures unidirectional water transport, preserving the radiative function of the hydrophobic top layer. Outdoor tests demonstrate a maximum sub-ambient temperature reduction of 13.4°C under sunny conditions, with a net radiative cooling power of 132.87 W m −2 . The LiCl@UiO-66 incorporation contributes an additional 5.1°C cooling enhancement relative to non-hygroscopic controls. Combined with mechanical robustness (≈370% elongation) and washing durability, this multimodal strategy offers a material-level proof of concept for thermal management featuring humidity resilience and shows potential relevance to personal cooling, outdoor thermal protection, and building-envelope cooling.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
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IF 13.2
Wei Liu,Xuan Wang,Rui Xu,Tairan Pang,Siyu Chen,Yuhan Liu,Ting Xu,Bo Pang,Haishun Du,Chuanling Si
The development of green and sustainable strategies to produce cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with tailored surface chemistry for interfacial stabilization and advanced functional composites is of significant importance. In this study, acetylated CNFs were fabricated through FeCl₃-catalyzed acetic acid (AA) pretreatment followed by high-pressure homogenization, enabling simultaneous hydrolysis and surface acetylation. The optimized CNFs exhibited a narrow diameter distribution, enhanced thermal stability, and increased acetyl group content, resulting in improved amphiphilicity and interfacial activity. The modified CNFs effectively stabilized oil-in-water Pickering emulsions over a wide range of oil contents with excellent long-term stability. Incorporation of the CNFs-stabilized emulsions into a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) matrix yielded flexible composite films with high transparency (>88%) and tunable haze (up to ∼82%). The close refractive index matching among CNFs, WPU, and oil droplets, together with controlled microscale scattering, enabled the decoupling of transparency and haze. This work establishes a sustainable catalytic route for producing surface-functionalized CNFs for interfacial engineering and light-management applications.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Anping Wang,Zhichun Zhang,Zibo Li,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng
A waxberry-like gradient porous aerogel/honeycomb metamaterial (WGPA/H) was fabricated by an innovative dot-matrix cold-source ice-templating technique. • WGPA/H achieves a remarkable RL min of −78.5 dB and an ultrabroad EAB of 12.4 GHz. • WGPA/H maintains robust EMWA performance under oblique incidence angles ranging from 5° to 60°. • WGPA/H exhibits excellent load-bearing capacity and thermostability. Porous aerogels have emerged as promising candidates for lightweight electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials, yet their practical performance and engineering deployment are severely constrained by three long-standing bottlenecks: the inherent trade-off between interfacial impedance matching and internal electromagnetic dissipation, the strong angular dependence of EMWA performance, and the insufficient mechanical load-bearing capability. Herein, we developed a novel dot-matrix cold-source ice-templating technique in conjunction with honeycomb skeleton reinforcement to fabricate waxberry-like gradient porous aerogel/honeycomb metamaterials (WGPA/H). The influences of critical structural parameters, including aerogel pore structure and honeycomb cell size, were systematically investigated. The optimal WGPA/H delivers an exceptional minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −78.5 dB and an ultrabroad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 12.4 GHz. More notably, WGPA/H retains a stable ultrabroad EAB at oblique incidence angles from 5° to 60°, demonstrating excellent angle-insensitive EMWA behavior. This outstanding comprehensive EMWA performance is attributed to the synergistic coupling effect between the unique waxberry-like gradient porous structure and the periodic honeycomb array. Furthermore, WGPA/H integrates high thermostability and a compressive strength up to 4.1 MPa, fully satisfying the service requirements of complex high-temperature and high-loading scenarios. The resultant WGPA/H well preserves the intrinsic lightweight characteristic of aerogels, breaks the trade-off between impedance matching and electromagnetic loss, realizes wide-angle EMWA stability, and simultaneously achieves significantly enhanced mechanical load-bearing performance. This work provides a new structural design strategy for multifunctional EMWA devices, facilitating their practical engineering applications. A waxberry-like gradient porous aerogel/honeycomb metamaterial (WGPA/H) was fabricated by an innovative dot-matrix cold-source ice-templating technique, achieving a remarkable minimum reflection loss of −78.5 dB and an ultrabroad effective absorption bandwidth of 12.4 GHz. Furthermore, the WGPA/H maintains robust electromagnetic wave absorption performance under oblique incidence angles ranging from 5° to 60°. Besides, the WGPA/H exhibits excellent load-bearing capacity and thermostability. Download: Download high-res image (185KB) Download: Download full-size image
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
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IF 5.2
Jiahui Liu,Xiaorui He,Yue Wang
One-step MXene/CNTs-COOH/CS/IL sensing interface was constructed. • CNTs-COOH alleviated MXene restacking and promoted electron transport. • CS and ionic liquid enhanced metal-ion enrichment and ionic transport. • The sensor simultaneously determined Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ . • Real-water results agreed well with ICP-MS measurements. Rationally coordinating ion accessibility, electron transport, metal-ion enrichment, and film stability within a facile electrode architecture remains challenging for multiplex electrochemical analysis. Herein, an MXene-based multicomponent sensing interface was constructed through the one-step integration of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH), chitosan (CS), and an ionic liquid (IL) with Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets. CNTs-COOH act as conductive nano-spacers that alleviate MXene restacking and improve electronic connectivity, while CS provides coordination-active amino and hydroxyl groups for metal-ion enrichment and contributes to film stability. The incorporation of IL improves component dispersion and ionic transport and partially mitigates the interfacial transport limitation associated with the CS-containing layer. Structural and electrochemical characterization results collectively support complementary roles of the four components in regulating interfacial accessibility, analyte accumulation, and charge-transfer behavior. Under the optimized conditions, the resulting electrode enabled the simultaneous determination of Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry over linear ranges of 0.5–22.5, 0.5–60, 0.5–87, and 0.5–62 μM, respectively. The corresponding detection limits were 0.1539, 0.0746, 0.2279, and 0.0931 μM. The sensor also exhibited satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, retaining approximately 92–95% of its initial response after 30 days. Recoveries of 92.2–96.0% were obtained in spiked tap-water and river-water samples, and the measured concentrations were consistent with those obtained by ICP-MS. These results demonstrate a functionally coordinated interface-engineering strategy for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of multiple heavy metal ions. Download: Download high-res image (139KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Chao Ma,Xinxin Liang,Yongqian Cui,Xinyu Yang,Qibing Dong,Abdelkader Labidi,Chuanyi Wang
Photocatalytic upcycling of polylactic acid (PLA) via a two-step process-hydrothermal depolymerization to a lactic acid (LA)-rich hydrolysate followed by selective photocatalytic oxidation to form value-added chemicals-presents a sustainable pathway for plastic waste upgrading. However, the efficient activation of LA molecules and effective generation of key intermediates remain significant challenges. Herein, Pd nanoparticle-modified ZnIn 2 S 4 (Pd-ZIS) nanosheets were developed to promote selective conversion of PLA hydrolysate to acetic acid (AA). In situ FTIR spectral analysis indicates that Pd nanoparticles promote electron transfer and O 2 dissociation, accelerating the generation of hydroxyl radicals via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Furthermore, in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results reveal that Pd nanoparticles effectively activate the C α ─C COOH bond in LA molecules, promoting the formation of acetyl radical intermediates that subsequently couple with hydroxyl radicals to yield AA. Consequently, the optimized 0.5 wt% Pd-ZIS catalyst exhibits superior performance, achieving an AA production rate of 4.2 mmol g −1 h −1 with a selectivity of 88.7% and an apparent quantum yield of 1.31% ( λ = 380 nm). These performance metrics surpass those reported in most previous studies. This work offers novel insights into catalyst design for waste plastic upcycling, deepening the understanding of the mechanisms to effectively regulate the underlying complex reaction pathways.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Jiaqi Yang,Zhenxin Wang,Xun Jiao,Jing Xu,Xiangkang Zeng,Shengjiong Yang,Gen Wang
Oxidative polymerization is an unrecognized yet critical pathway in CH 3 CO 3 • -mediated AOPs. • Polymerization contributes ∼20–65% to phenolics removal depending on substituent merits. • CH 3 CO 3 • -driven polymerization process works efficiently in saline and real coking wastewater. • Recovered polymers can be valorized as functional porous carbon materials with high surface area. The acetylperoxyl radical (CH 3 CO 3 • )-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely employed for organic contaminant elimination, with existing studies predominantly attributing pollutant removal to mineralization or fragmentation pathways. However, the contribution of oxidative polymerization triggered by CH 3 CO 3 • has been systematically overlooked. Herein, by taking the widely-studied CH 3 CO 3 • -based oxidation system (i.e., Co 2+ /PAA), we demonstrated that oxidative polymerization constitutes a critical pathway, accounting for 12.2–61.4% of phenolic contaminants removal in CH 3 CO 3 • -driven AOPs depending on the substituent merits. Through systematic analysis of the transformation of phenol during the oxidation and comprehensive characterization of recovered solid polymers, we confirmed the formation of solid-state polymers in the Co 2+ /PAA system. Thermodynamic calculations further validate the feasibility of polymerization mechanisms, identifying hydrogen abstraction (HAA) as the predominant initiation step. Notably, this oxidative polymerization phenomenon persists in complex aqueous matrices and real coking wastewater systems, demonstrating environmental relevance. Importantly, the harvested polymeric solids exhibit potential for valorization as precursor materials for porous carbon synthesis, achieving surface areas as high as 635.7 m 2 /g with promising catalytic performance. This work uncovers a previously neglected but significant polymerization pathway in the CH 3 CO 3 • -based AOPs, establishing a sustainable avenue for phenolic wastewater purification. Oxidative polymerization, which has been largely overlooked in CH 3 CO 3 • -mediated AOPs, constitutes a critical route for removing electron-rich phenolic compounds, accounting for ∼20–65% of contaminant elimination depending on substituent characteristics. The CH 3 CO 3 • -driven polymerization process proves effective for treating phenolic industrial wastewater. It enables simultaneous phenolic contaminant removal and the recovery of solid polymer products, which can be further valorized as precursors for porous functional carbon materials. Download: Download high-res image (171KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2026
·
IF 4
Bin Zhou,Wenhao Xu,Qian Liu,Weihong Min,Li Tao
BACKGROUND Reducing dietary fat intake has become a prevalent health pursuit. In this study walnut meal protein (WP) with a protein content of 90.43% was utilized as a fat mimetic to optimize formulation, investigate component interaction mechanisms, and assess the storage quality of low-fat ice cream. RESULTS Sensory evaluation and melting rate were used as indicators. The optimal processing conditions were determined to be a cream-to-WP ratio of 21:7, skimmed milk powder addition of 4.30%, and guar gum (GG) addition of 0.06%. Compared to the control sample, the WP and GG samples showed that the WP-GG mix exhibited a smaller particle size, higher absolute zeta potential and viscosity, and lower surface tension. This suggests that the WP and GG mix can synergistically form a stable protein–polysaccharide composite gel network. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images confirmed that the WP-GG sample mix exhibited a markedly dense and homogeneous structure. After 6 weeks of frozen storage, the WP-GG sample demonstrated the highest overrun, the lowest melting rate, and the lowest hardness. At week 6, the syneresis rate was 70.42 ± 0.65% ( P < 0.05), indicating the best freeze–thaw stability. Furthermore, short-term storage test results showed that on day 9 the peroxide value and acid value of the WP-GG sample were only 1.48 ± 0.09 mmol kg −1 and 1.92 ± 0.07 mg g −1 , respectively. This confirmed that the steric hindrance between WP and GG maximally delayed lipid oxidation, effectively maintaining the oxidative and flavor stability of the ice cream. CONCLUSION This research provides a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of WP and the development of low-fat ice cream. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2026
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IF 6
Zezheng Hao,Shichen Dong,Yue Lin,Hongbo Zhang
Evolution of active sites is a common fact, which originates from entropy gains or enthalpy losses that effectively regulates the selectivities and rates during catalysis, however, is very difficult to probe. In this work, a PdCu organic precursor was synthesized and dispersed well on SiO 2 support by impregnation method (c.a. Pd 1 Cu 1 /SiO 2 ). Within the initial stage of phenylacetylene hydrogenation, Pd 1 Cu 1 /SiO 2 showed severe overhydrogenation. Consequently, Pd species were carburized to PdCuC x ensembles and facilitated the styrene formation significantly (>99% conv., >98% selec.). Interestingly, the activation process was highly dependent on the type and concentration of the reactant gas, in which the increase of alkyne concentration promoted the evolution of active sites (i.e. carbonization of Pd) and improved styrene formation, whereas the promotion of hydrogen stabilized palladium hydride and hindered carbonization process, which led to the overhydrogenation. These findings were well evidenced by catalytic performance evaluation and relative characterizations, i.e. quasi-in situ XPS and HRTEM etc. Clearly, the dynamics of PdCuC x ensemble generation were significantly correlated to the concentrations of the alkyne and hydrogen, which could modify the selective hydrogenation behaviour greatly.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2026
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IF 8.8
Rongbo Li,Zemin Li,Yuqi Zhu,Yichang Pan,Rujing Hou
The separation of benzene/cyclohexane (BZ/CHX) represents a critical yet challenging task in the chemical industry, as their nearly identical boiling points and kinetic diameters render conventional distillation highly energy-intensive. Pervaporation, driven by a transmembrane pressure difference, offers an energy-efficient alternative by breaking the azeotropic equilibrium of BZ/CHX mixtures. Metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes have emerged as promising candidates for such separations owing to their exceptional structural tunability. However, their application in this context remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report a dual-ligand engineering strategy to fabricate UiO-66-CDC MOF membranes, wherein a cubic alkane ligand is incorporated into a planar parent ligand to create a dual-ligand-modified framework. This approach enables precise regulation of the pore microenvironment and enhances preferential adsorption and recognition of aromatic benzene over aliphatic cyclohexane through multiple interactions (C···C, H···C, C–H···π, C–H···O, and π···π). Consequently, under a single-stage operation with an equimolar (50:50) BZ/CHX feed, the optimized membrane delivered a permeation flux of 478 g m −2 h −1 and a separation factor of 5.8, corresponding to a 40% increase in flux and an 81% increase in separation factor, respectively, over the control membrane, and yielding a 110% higher PSI. When further applied to a two-stage membrane separation process, the total flux and separation factor reached 1747 g m −2 h −1 and 40.7, respectively, demonstrating the potential of process intensification. This dual-ligand design offers fundamental guidance for the development of advanced separation membranes targeting diverse aromatic/alkane mixtures.
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