JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2024
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IF 12.2
Zhilin Zhao,Xiaoying Zheng,Zongshuo Han,Yue Li,Haidong He,Tao Lin,Hang Xu
Microplastics (MPs) commonly coexist with other contaminants and alter their toxicity. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an emerging pollutant, may interact with MPs but remain largely unknown about the joint toxicity of PFOA and MPs. Hence, this research explored the single and joint effects of PFOA and polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on microalgae ( Chlorella sorokiniana ) at the cellular and molecular levels. Results demonstrated that PS-MPs increased PFOA bioavailability by altering cell membrane permeability, thus aggravating biotoxicity (synergistic effect). Meanwhile, the defense mechanisms (antioxidant system modulation and extracellular polymeric substances secretion) of Chlorella sorokiniana were activated to alleviate toxicity. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis illustrated that co-exposure had more differential expression genes (DEGs; 4379 DEGs) than single-exposure (PFOA: 2533 DEGs; PS-MPs: 492 DEGs), which were mainly distributed in the GO terms associated with the membrane composition and antioxidant system. The molecular regulatory network further revealed that PS-MPs and PFOA primarily regulated the response mechanisms of Chlorella sorokiniana by altering the ribosome biogenesis, photosynthesis, citrate cycle, oxidative stress , and antioxidant system (antioxidant enzyme, glutathione-ascorbate cycle). These findings elucidated that PS-MPs enhanced the effect of PFOA, providing new insights into the influences of MPs and PFOA on algae and the risk assessment of multiple contaminants. Environmental implication MPs and PFAS, emerging contaminants , are difficult to degrade and pose a non-negligible threat to organisms. Co-pollution of MPs and PFAS is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, while risks of co-existence to organisms remain unknown. The present study revealed the toxicity and defense mechanisms of microalgae exposure to PS-MPs and PFOA from cellular and molecular levels. According to biochemical and transcriptomic analyses, PS-MPs increased PFOA bioavailability and enhanced the effect of PFOA on Chlorella sorokiniana , showing a synergistic effect. This research provides a basis for assessing the eco-environmental risks of MPs and PFAS.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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分子生物学
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生态学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 11.3
Zhilin Zhao,Xiaoying Zheng,Yue Li,Zongshuo Han,Yu Tang,Tianxing Hu,Tao Lin
Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), emerging contaminants, are ubiquitous in the environment and toxic to organisms. The interaction of MPs with other contaminants can affect their toxicity. However, the impact of MPs on PFBA toxicity remains unknown. This research investigated the individual and combined impacts of polystyrene microplastics (PS) and PFBA to Chlorella sorokiniana based on cellular responses and transcriptome analyses. Results showed that both PS and PFBA induced excessive ROS generation, causing cell membrane damage and photosynthesis inhibition, ultimately inhibiting Chlorella sorokiniana growth. The highest inhibition was observed for small particle size PS, with a maximum inhibition rate of 15.98 ± 1.24 % (3PS group). Notably, the combined toxicity of PFBA and PS exhibited antagonism, which was attributed to PFBA adsorption and PS hetero-aggregation via massive EPS secretion, resulting in decreased PS and PFBA bioavailability. Transcriptomic analysis elucidated that EPS secretion was promoted owing to the up-regulation of carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism (carbon fixation, oxidative phosphorylation, and TCA cycle). Enhanced EPS secretion, ABC transport, and antioxidant response alleviated PS and PFBA toxicity. Our findings offer valuable data for the joint ecotoxicity of PFASs and MPs, contributing to environmental risk assessment of co-pollution.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
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2026
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IF 5.1
Bocheng Su,Jianke Huang,Enci Ye,Xiwen Xue,Jindong Zhao,Zi Ye
Glucose increased Chlorella biomass by counteracting Cd inhibition. • Cd 2+ disrupts cell wall degradation and photosynthetic systems. • Glucose co-treatment restored the cell wall degradation and chlorophyll homeostasis. Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a growing environmental challenge worldwide, impairing cellular integrity and transcriptional regulation across species and undermining ecosystem stability. This study investigates the effects of Cd 2 + stress on Chlorella pyrenoidosa in terms of growth, cell division, and photosynthetic function, and evaluates the alleviating role of soluble organic carbon supplementation, using glucose as a representative source. Results indicate that Cd 2+ exposure markedly suppresses algal growth, disrupts photosynthetic systems, reduces chlorophyll content, diminishes key photosynthetic metrics, and interferes with cell wall degradation. Biomass and specific growth rate declined from 0.6 g L −1 and 0.49 d −1 in controls to 0.38 g L −1 and 0.42 d −1 under Cd 2+ stress, but recovered to 0.95 g L −1 and 0.61 d −1 with glucose addition. Glucose supplementation substantially counteracted these inhibitory effects, partially reviving photosynthetic activity through enhanced QA-to-QB electron transfer and stabilization of porphyrin metabolism. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that Cd 2+ downregulated genes involved in cellulose degradation while upregulating those associated with lignin biosynthesis; glucose treatment restored the expression of lignin-related genes to near-control levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that glucose alleviates Cd 2+ toxicity in C. pyrenoidosa by restoring photosynthetic competence and cell division capacity, thereby elucidating key metabolic pathways underlying heavy-metal detoxification. Download: Download high-res image (150KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
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2025
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IF 12.4
Di Zhou,Liandong Zhu
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are typical types of emerging contaminants that are widely presented in wastewater. While they can serve as phosphorus (P) sources for microalgae growth, their toxicity disrupts metabolic processes, posing challenges to microalgae-based bioremediation. This study elucidated the regulatory effects of OPEs on the removal of ammonia (NH 4 + -N) and phosphate (PO 4 3- -P) from synthetic wastewater by Chlorella sorokiniana , as well as the concurrent OPEs degradation, while unveiling the molecular mechanism of these interactions. OPEs exposure (1 and 10 mg/L) initially inhibited nutrient assimilation, reducing NH₄⁺-N and PO₄³⁻-P removal by 21.78 %-46.59 % and 7.46 %-26.07 %, respectively. The suppression was primarily attributed to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, leading to G2/S cell cycle arrest, and metabolic disruptions particularly in crucial nitrogen assimilation enzymes (GS, GDH) and genes ( IMPL2, IPPK ) related to Pi supply strategy adjustment. Meanwhile, OPEs continuously impaired heterotrophy (NaAc matabolism), restricting energy supply for nutrient uptake. Despite this initial inhibition, microalgae exhibited adaptive recovery through photosynthetic regulation and EPS secretion. Enhanced linear electron transfer (LET) and Calvin cycle facilitated photoautotrophy, while EPS played a crucial role in OPEs adsorption and degradation via photosensitization and biosorption, achieving 41.53 %-54.50 % OPEs removal without additional energy input. Transcriptome analysis, combined with KEGG-based pathway annotation, was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological responses. This study unveils a novel stress adaptation mechanism in microalgae, demonstrating their ability to mitigate OPEs toxicity and restore nutrient removal efficiency. The findings provide new insights into the synergistic bioremediation of emerging and conventional pollutants, offering a sustainable strategy for low-carbon wastewater treatment.
研究领域:
环境科学
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微生物学
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环境生物技术
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分子生态毒理学
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废水处理
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微藻生理学
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污染物协同修复
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 11.3
Yongrui Pi,Yan Li,Wenpeng Jia,Yongzheng Tang
The microalgae-bacteria consortia (MBC) system has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the removal efficiency of antibiotics from wastewater. This study systematically evaluated the treatment of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) wastewater using pure microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris ) (PM), pure bacteria (PB), and the MBC formed by the combination of PM and PB. The MBC system achieved an impressive CIP removal rate of 94.6 ± 0.6 % at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. As the initial concentration of CIP increased from 10 to 80 mg/L, the biodegradation rate declined from 0.42 to 0.13 d - ¹ , with the half-life of CIP significantly increasing from 1.66 to 5.23 days. The MBC notably enhanced CIP removal efficiency by promoting microbial metabolic activity and increasing the concentration of photosynthetic pigments. The secretion of CIP-degrading enzymes to mitigate intracellular oxidative stress indicates the superior tolerance and degradation capacity of the MBC system towards CIP. Acinetobacter johnsonii was identified as the primary contributor to the CIP biodegradation. The molar yield coefficient (MYC) for the bacteria is nearly 2-times fold of that for C. vulgaris based on the growth-process equations of cells on CIP. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which MBC outperforms PM or PB in the treatment of CIP-contaminated wastewater, thereby contributing to advancements in sustainable wastewater management practices.
研究领域:
环境科学
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微生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 11.3
Wei Wang,Qirui Wu,Hanzhi Wang,Mingxiang Qv,Dian Dai,Xiaoman He,Ivan P. Pozdnyakov,Li-Zhi Huang,Liandong Zhu
This study investigated the UV 254 irradiation degradation of chloroacetic acids (CAAs), specifically monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and evaluated the ecological impact of their degradation products on Chlorella sorokiniana (CS). The degradation followed first-order kinetics, with dechlorination efficiencies of 91.2% for MCAA, 92.9% for DCAA, and 92.4% for TCAA. TCAA was degraded fastest due to its higher chlorine content. Initial pH (3–10) had minimal influence, whereas lower concentrations (0.25 mM) led to slower degradation. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were identified as the dominant reactive species via electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. Dechlorination generated Cl⁻ and HCl, resulting in acidification and increased toxicity. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis indicated nearly complete mineralization. Untreated CAAs significantly inhibited microalgal growth and photosynthesis, while post-degradation pH adjustment (to pH > 4) mitigated toxicity and enabled microalgal assimilation, with CS culture pH further increasing to 9–10, thereby facilitating self-buffered bioremediation. These findings confirm the effectiveness of UV 254 degradation on CAAs and provide valuable guidance for ecological safety in aquatic ecosystem management.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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光催化
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生态毒理学
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藻类生物技术
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PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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2019
·Vol. 16
·期 20
·
IF 2.468
Xiao Tan,Kaiwen Dai,Keshab Parajuli,Xiaoshuai Hang,Zhipeng Duan,Yue Hu
The demand for phenolic compounds has been increasing rapidly, which has intensified the production and usage of phenol at a commercial scale. In some polluted water bodies, phenol has become one of the typical aromatic contaminants. Such water bodies are inescapably influenced by nutrients from human activities, and also suffer from nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. While phenolic pollution threatens water safety and ecological balance, algal cells are ubiquitous and sensitive to pollutants. Therefore, effects of phenolic pollution on interspecific competition between a bloom-forming cyanobacterium and other common alga merit quantitative investigation. In this study, the effects of phenol onMicrocystis aeruginosa(M. aeruginosa, a bloom-forming cyanobacterium) andChlorella pyrenoidosa(C. pyrenoidosa, a ubiquitous green alga) were analyzed in mono- and co-cultures. The two species were exposed to a series of phenol treatments (0, 2, 20, and 200 μg mL−1). Population dynamics were measured by a flow cytometer and analyzed by the Lotka-Volterra model. The results showed thatM. aeruginosawas more sensitive to phenol (EC50= 80.8 ± 0.16 μg mL−1) compared toC. pyrenoidosa(EC50= 631.4 ± 0.41 μg mL−1) in mono-cultures.M. aeruginosawon in the co-cultures when phenol was below or equal to 20 μg mL−1, whileC. pyrenoidosabecame the dominant species in the 200 μg mL−1treatment. Photosynthetic activity was measured by a fluometer. Results showed phenol significantly impacted the photosynthetic activity ofM. aeruginosaby inhibiting the acceptor side of its photosystem II (PSII), while such inhibition inC. pyrenoidosawas only observed in the highest phenol treatment (200 μg mL−1). This study provides a better understanding for predicting the succession of algal community structure in water bodies susceptible to phenolic contamination. Moreover, it reveals the mechanism on photosynthetic responses of these two species under phenolic stress.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2019
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IF 7.65
Na Liu,Han Zhang,Jinfeng Zhao,Yin Xu,Fei Ge
Microalgae photosynthesis is sensitive to coexisted contaminates in aquatic environment, thereby causes adverse effect on algal growth and nutrients uptake. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic toxicity mechanism of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC)-induced on a green microalga Chlorella vulgaris F1068 ( C. vulgaris F1068). Results showed that CTAC reduced the algal growth rate, nutrients removal efficiency and weakened the photosynthetic performance. Meanwhile, the efficiency of oxygen evolution complex (OEC) and oxygen evolvement rates stressed by CTAC were significantly declined to 90.48% and 58.48% of the control (without CTAC), respectively. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) detected the damage of PSII-OEC morphology and structure by CTAC. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed that 41% of proteins were in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes which function in photosynthesis. The activity of oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEE2 or PsbP) involved in electron transfer was significantly inhibited by CTAC, which down-regulated 15.14-fold in the presence of 0.6 mg/L CTAC. These results indicated that photosynthetic inhibition of CTAC mainly occurred in the PSII-OEC. This study provided a new perspective of the photosynthetic response in evaluation of environmental bioimpacts of surfactants on microalgae.
研究领域:
环境科学
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植物生理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
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2022
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·725
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IF 5.561
Kunling Lv,Qingxia Yuan,Hong Li,Tingting Li,Haiqiong Ma,Chenghai Gao,Siyuan Zhang,Yonghong Liu,Longyan Zhao
This study was conducted to investigate the prebiotic potential ofChlorella pyrenoidosapolysaccharides to provide useful information for developingC. pyrenoidosaas a green healthy food.C. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides were prepared and their physicochemical characteristics were determined. The digestibility and fermentation characteristics ofC. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides were evaluated using in vitro models. The results revealed thatC. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides were composed of five non-starch polysaccharide fractions with monosaccharide compositions of Man, Rib, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Ara.C. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides could not be degraded under saliva and the gastrointestinal conditions. However, the molecular weight and contents of residual carbohydrates and reducing sugars ofC. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides were significantly reduced after fecal fermentation at a moderate speed. Notably,C. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides could remarkably modulate gut microbiota, including the promotion of beneficial bacteria, inhibition of growth of harmful bacteria, and reduction of the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Intriguingly,C. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides can promote growth ofParabacteroides distasonisand increase short-chain fatty acid contents, thereby probably contributing to the promotion of intestinal health and prevention of diseases. Thus, these results suggested thatC. pyrenoidosapolysaccharides had prebiotic functions with different fermentation characteristics compared with conventional prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharide, and they may be a new prebiotic for improving human health.Keywords:Chlorella pyrenoidosa;polysaccharides;fermentation;gut microbiota;prebiotic
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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营养学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Water
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 8
·1190
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IF 3.53
Hao Li,Jin Wang,Yu Luo,Bo Bai,Fangli Cao
For improving the mechanical strength of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) hydrogels, a novel material ofChlorellawas employed as a bio-based filler to prepare chitosan–chlorella hydrogel beads with physical crosslink method. Here, the synthesis mechanism was investigated, and the chitosan–chlorella hydrogel beads exhibited enhanced mechanical stability under centrifugation and sonication than pure chitosan hydrogel beads.Chlorellabrought more abundant functional groups to original chitosan hydrogel, hence, chitosan–chlorella hydrogel beads represented greater sensitivity and controllable response to external factors including pH, salt solution, temperature. In distilled water, the hydrogel beads with 40 wt%Chlorellareached the largest water absorption ratio of 42.92 g/g. Moreover, the mechanism and kinetics process of swelling behavior of the chitosan–chlorella hydrogel beads were evaluated, and the loading and releasing of humic acid by the hydrogel beads as a carrier material were pH-dependent and adjustable, which exhibit the potential of chitosan–chlorella hydrogel beads in the field of controlled release carrier biomaterials.Keywords:hydrogel;controlled release;swelling;Chlorella;pH sensitivity
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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农业
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Chemistry
·
2020
·Vol. 2020
·期 1
·8758432
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IF 1.79
Wu Yi-cheng,Yang Ai-li,Gao Wei,Fu Hai-yan,Wang Ze-jie
The roles of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) by Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in sodium alginate gel beads were for the first time investigated. The optimum conditions to prepare immobilized C. vulgaris beads with addition of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were determined as follows: C. vulgaris density was 3.0 × 10 6 cells for 1 mL sodium alginate solution, Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle concentration was 0.5 g/L, and concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl 2 were 1.6% and 1%, respectively. The results showed that the proposed algae beads achieved the highest CBZ removal rate of 89.6% after 4 days of treatment, relative to 68.84%, 48.56%, and 17.76% in sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris , free microalgae, and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle alginate beads, respectively. The results also showed that the CBZ removal rate increased with more proposed algae beads, while decreased with increased bead diameter. The algae beads exhibited excellent CBZ removal ability even after three recycles. This work provided an economical and effective approach to remove CBZ from water.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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微生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2024
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IF 9.7
Guodong Shi,Haiyang Liu,Haijun Chen,Tianjiao Liu,Dapeng Liang,Xiuyi Hua,Deming Dong
Nitrogen-doped biochar has been proven to be an advantageous peroxodisulfate (PDS) activator. However, few studies on PDS activation by biochar prepared from biomass containing intrinsic nitrogen have been reported, and the performance and mechanism are still unclear. In this study, nitrogen self-doped Chlorella biochar (NCB) was prepared by pyrolysis . The results showed that the increase of pyrolysis temperature promoted the formation of graphitic structure in NCB, and the biochar prepared at 900 °C (NCB-900) had the best performance in activating PDS for sulfamethazine (SMZ) degradation. The NCB-900/PDS system had a wide pH applicability and excellent resistance to anion interference, as well as excellent performance in applications such as groundwater remediation . It was suggested that the graphitic nitrogen structures were the main active sites, and the sp 2 -hybridized graphitic carbon network was favorable for surface electron transfer in the redox reactions on the NCB-900 surface. The degradation mechanism was thoroughly investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test, quenching experiments, chemical probes, electrochemical measurements, and in situ Raman analysis. Rather than free radicals and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), surface electron transfer mediated by the NCB-900–PDS* complex dominated SMZ degradation in the NCB-900/PDS system.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）