MOLECULES
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2021
·Vol. 26
·期 22
·7054
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IF 4.412
Juan Liang,Chengjun Jing,Jiarong Wang,Yupawang Men
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step pyrolysis process using melamine, dicyandiamide, thiourea, and urea as precursors. The obtained g-C3N4materials exhibited a significantly different performance for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) under white light irradiation, which is attributed to the altered structure and occupancies surface groups. The urea-derived g-C3N4with nanosheet morphology, large specific surface area, and high occupancies of surface amine groups exhibited superior photocatalytic activity. The nanosheet morphology and large surface area facilitated the separation and transmission of charge, while the high occupancies of surface amine groups promoted the formation of hydrogen adsorption atomic centers which were beneficial to Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, the possible reduction pathway of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) over the urea-derived g-C3N4was proposed and the reduction process was mainly initiated by a direct reduction of photogenerated electrons.Keywords:Cr (VI) reduction;photocatalytic;g-C3N4precursors;nanosheet morphology;surface characteristics
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COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
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IF 3.633
Wei Yao,Tao Ni,Shujun Chen,Hao Li,Yun Lu
Novel hybrid nanocomposites constructed via anchoring the Fe 3 O 4 @polypyrrole nanospheres with hierarchical porous structure on graphene nanosheets (graphene/Fe 3 O 4 @polypyrrole, GFP) have been prepared, and characterized by using TEM, XRD , XPS, FT-IR and TGA . The large saturation magnetization of 12.4 emu g −1 allows fast and economic separation of the GFP from solution. Due to the synergic effect between graphene and Fe 3 O 4 @polypyrrole, the GFP exhibits excellent adsorption capability of 348.4 mg g −1 for Cr(VI) removal, which is much higher than the previously reported values of other magnetic nanomaterials . Furthermore, the GFP is stable and recyclable, retaining about 72.2% of the removal efficiency after six adsorption–desorption cycles. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be well simulated by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models respectively. The GFP nanocomposites could be a good candidate for efficient Cr(VI) removal from the wastewater.
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Catalysts
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·289
·
IF 3.8
Sai An,Ying Wang,Huajian Qiao,Hao Xiu,Deyu Liu,Yongbo Kuang
Photoelectrocatalytic approaches show promise for contaminate removal in wastewater through redox reactions. However, the direct treatment of very low concentration heavy metals is a challenging task. Copper bismuth oxide is considered as a potential photocathode material due to its appropriate bandgap width and excellent light absorption properties. In this work, we utilize copper bismuth oxide photoelectrodes with micrometer-scale pores to achieve the efficient and complete reduction of micromolar-level hexavalent chromium(VI) in wastewater. In a continuous 180 min experiment, the reduction rate of 5 µM hexavalent chromium reached 97%, which is an order lower than the drinking standard. Such a process was facilitated by the unique hierarchical microstructure of the oxide thin film and the porous morphology. On the other hand, the structural evolution during the operation was analyzed. A surface passivation was observed, suggesting the possible long-term practical application of this material. This study serves as an important reference for the application of photoelectrocatalysis in addressing Cr(VI) pollution in wastewater, with implications for improving water quality and environmental protection.
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Nanoscale
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Yunzi Wang,Junyu Chen,Chongyu Li,Quanqi Yang,Jianjun Wang
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as promising photocatalysts, have been widely used in Cr(VI) removal due to their high porosity and structural tunability, whereas the simple hybridization of MOFs was not beneficial for the separation of photogenerated carriers. In this study, a novel Al-doped and hydroxyl-functionalized Zr-based MOF (named as Al/Zr-UiO-66-(OH)2) was synthesized via dual strategies of bimetallization and hydroxylation. Characterization results confirmed that the incorporation of Al and hydroxyl groups effectively reduced the bandgap and enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated charge. Al/Zr-UiO-66-(OH)2 (1:5) exhibited outstanding photocatalytic reduction performance towards Cr(VI) (99.3% within 2 h) under visible light. The photocatalytic rate of Al/Zr-UiO-66-(OH)2 (K = 0.0148 min-1) was 74 times higher than that of UiO-66 (K = 0.0002 min-1). Trapping experiments, EPR and XPS analysis revealed that highly efficient photoreduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) was attributed to electrons and ·O2- radicals. These findings provide a feasible strategy for designing MOF-based photocatalysts for practical environmental remediation.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Xiaohan Zhao,Yubin Huang,Zhenhong Huang,Hongzhi Liu
The hazards of aqueous Cr (VI) are severe, necessitating adsorbents with high capacity, applicability, and recyclability. In this study, a novel water-soluble cationic quaternary ammonium silsesquioxane (SQ-N) was synthesized and subsequently reacted with chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) to fabricate a flexible chitosan hybrid cryogel (PPSC-x (x = 1, 2, 3)) through UV cross-linking followed by freeze-drying. The resulting cryogel was comprehensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDS, and XPS analyses. The PPSC-x (x = 1, 2, 3) cryogel possessed abundant active sites and superior mechanical properties, rendering them suitable for the efficient removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, achieving a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 274 mg g −1 at 328 K. The adsorption of Cr (VI) followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm. PPSC-3 maintained >90% removal efficiency over five cycles and demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . A prototype device further validated its practical potential for wastewater treatment.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Ziyu Zhou,Dengjie Zhong,Yunlan Xu
A novel ternary FLP composite was synthesized to remove Cr(VI) efficiently. • Superior adsorption capacity of 536 mg g −1 was achieved via PEI-Fc synergy. • As a redox-active component, ferrocene accelerated the reduction of Cr(VI). • Cr(VI) removal by FLP follows the synergistic mechanism of “capture-reduction-fixation” on lignin skeleton. To overcome the limitations of low specific surface area and functional group reactivity of lignin, a novel ferrocene-loaded, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-crosslinked lignin composite (FLP) was developed via glutaraldehyde-mediated grafting of PEI and strategic immobilization of ferrocene (Fc), which effectively improved the pore structure, surface accessibility, and redox-assisted reduction capability of the material. FLP achieved a Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 96.53%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 536 mg g −1 . The adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models jointly suggested that the Cr(VI) removal process involved heterogeneous surface adsorption and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, FLP exhibited exceptional stability and reusability. The removal of Cr(VI) by FLP was the synergistic effect of “capture-reduction-fixation”: Cr(VI) was initially captured through electrostatic attraction by the protonated amino groups of PEI, after which the incorporation of the redox-active Fc component facilitated interfacial electron transfer, reduced the charge-transfer resistance, and promoted the in-situ reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and finally Cr(III) was immobilized through multi-site chelation with amine groups from PEI and oxygen-containing functional groups on the lignin skeleton. This research provides a novel strategy for the high-value application of lignin-based materials in Cr(VI) wastewater remediation.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Shifeng Zhao,Xin Fan,Fengzhu Lv,Yanping Zhao,Yuli Cui
Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 enables simultaneous removal of CR and Cr(VI) from wastewater. • Maximum removal capacities reach 2861.56 mg/g for CR and 295.68 mg/g for Cr(VI). • Removal mechanisms mainly include interlayer immobilization, degradation and precipitation. • Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 maintains high efficiency across pH 3–13 and in presence of competing anions. Organic dyes and the heavy metal frequently coexist in industrial wastewater, such as from textile dyeing processes, posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. In this study, an efficient and environmentally friendly Fe 2+ -doped brucite, Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 , was successfully synthesized for the simultaneous removal of the anionic dye Congo red (CR) and heavy metal Cr(VI) from wastewater. Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 achieved maximum removal capacities of 2861.56 mg/g for CR and 295.68 mg/g for Cr(VI) in single pollutant systems. In the coexisting system of CR and Cr(VI), due to the higher binding energy between CR and Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 as revealed by molecular simulation calculations, Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 exhibited preferential removal of CR. The presence of CR significantly inhibited the removal of Cr(VI), while Cr(VI) had a minimal effect on CR removal. Mechanism studies revealed that CR removal was achieved through interlayer immobilization, hydrogen bonding, and degradation (with 1 O 2 and ·O 2 − as the main active species). Cr(VI) removal occurred primarily via interlayer immobilization and reductive precipitation (forming (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe) 2 O 4 ). Moreover, Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 maintained excellent removal performance across a wide pH range (3−13) and in the presence of common coexisting anions. The reusability was tested and illustrated that Mg 0.6 Fe 0.4 (OH) 2 can be reused for several times. This work provides an efficient and feasible material for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater co-contaminated dyes and heavy metals, demonstrating significant potential for practical application.
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Nanomaterials
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 13
·832
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IF 4.8
Yingjie Jiang,Xiaoli Jia,Li Fang,Qin Zhang,Ruiting Li,Bingqian Zhao,Jiancong Liu,Yaorui Li
Defect engineering of anatase TiO2nanosheets by hydrogen reduction is a compelling strategy to boost visible light photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction, a process of vital importance for detoxifying highly toxic and carcinogenic Cr(VI) pollutants. However, the necessary high-temperature hydrogen treatment invariably induces morphological collapse, negating the structural merits of the two-dimensional nanosheets. Herein, we propose an ethylenediamine reflux protection strategy combined with hydrogen reduction to fabricate defect-rich TiO2nanosheets (EN-TiO2−x-NS) that preserve the original morphology. The resulting EN-TiO2−x-NS retained the square nanosheet structure and (001) facets, while Ti3+and oxygen vacancies were successfully introduced. The bandgap narrowed from 2.95 to 2.55 eV, leading to enhanced visible light absorption and charge separation efficiency. For photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under visible light, EN-TiO2−x-NS achieved a removal rate of 97.3% within 20 min, with a rate constant 1.93 times higher than that of pristine TiO2nanosheets and 3.17 times higher than that of the directly hydrogenated sample. The catalyst also exhibited excellent cycling stability. This work demonstrates a synergistic strategy combining morphology preservation and defect engineering, providing a new approach for designing high-performance TiO2-based photocatalysts.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 5.1
Mei Cui,Yunqian Chi,Yangyang Lin,Yinglei Liu,Jingru Chen,Liangqia Guo
On-site detection of Cr(VI) is highly desirable due to its potential threat to ecological environment and human health. Herein, a portable photocatalysis-based, smartphone-assisted colorimetric device, which integrated a UV light torch, a sample chamber and a smartphone, was developed by 3D printing technology for on-site Cr(VI) detection. A sensing membrane was prepared by incorporating chromogenic substrate (XTT), photocatalyst (CACN), silica gel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into polyester fiber membrane. Under the irradiation of UV light, XTT was catalytically reduced into orange formazan by CACN. In the presence of Cr(VI), Cr(VI) was also reduced by competing with XTT to capture the photoelectrons, leading to the fading of orange color. After taking photo by a smartphone, the RGB values of the sensing membrane were obtained by a color picking APP. The portable colorimetric device achieved a limit of detection for Cr(VI) as low as 0.59 μmol L −1 . Finally, the portable colorimetric device was applied for on-site detection of Cr(VI) in real environmental samples and chromium-containing wastewater samples. This work not only provides a portable detection device for on-site Cr(VI) detection in the environment but also extends the photocatalysis for sensing application.
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Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A
·
2025
·Vol. 99
·期 10
·2506-2515
·
IF 0.8
Ang Yu,Dong Kaijie,Yang Zhaokun,Liu Qinze
Benefiting from dual functional group synergy of catechol and amino group, poly(phenol-amine) deliver satisfactory adsorption performance for Cr(VI). Considering strong chelating capability with Cr(VI) and high reactivity of thiol group, this work goes beyond dual functional group synergy between catechol and amino group, and demonstrates triple functional group cooperation among catechol, amino group, and sulfur. A sulfur-containing poly(phenol-amine) was fabricated through simple oxidative polymerization between catechol and cysteamine. The effects of different parameters including solution pH, adsorption time, Cr(VI) initial concentration, temperature, and coexistence of other ions on adsorption performance were studied in detail. Kinetic models, isothermal models, and intra particle diffusion model were used to fitting adsorption process. Benefited from triple functional group cooperation among catechol, amino group, and sulfur, as-prepared sulfur-containing poly(phenol-amine) deliver maximum adsorption capacity of 327.89 mg/g for Cr(VI), which is higher than that of recently reported poly(phenol-amine) adsorbents. Additionally, as-prepared sulfur-containing poly(phenol-amine) exhibit good recoverability, and competitive adsorption performance in the presence of coexisting ions. This work would provide an important inspiration for future construction of poly(phenol-amine) adsorbent.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 11.3
Enjie Wu,Jintao Zhou,Dianming Ren,Honggui He,Jingyu Pan,Chuqing Tang,Xupin Zhuang
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination poses severe ecological risks due to its carcinogenicity and prevalence in industrial wastewater, where metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show photocatalytic remediation potential. However, powdered MOFs suffer from poor recyclability and secondary pollution risks in practical applications. This study proposes an integrated structural-interfacial engineering strategy that combines the design of a robust three-dimensional fiber network framework with the interfacial engineering of MOFs and cellulose nanofibers to fabricate robust MOF-functionalized aerogel (MOFA) photocatalyst. The MOFAs feature hierarchical coordination effects enabling precise MOF crystallization control, achieving ultrahigh MOF loading (76.77 wt%), mechanical robustness (29 kPa stress at 70 % compression), exceptional stability (6.7 % permanent deformation after 100 cycles), and enhanced photocatalytic activity (photocurrent density of 2.87 μA/cm²). The optimized interfacial structure delivers superior adsorption (67 %) and photocatalytic performance (100 % Cr(VI) reduction in 80 min, > 94 % efficiency retention after 5 cycles), validated across diverse water matrices including high-salinity tanning wastewater under outdoor conditions. This innovative strategy offers a new design approach for developing high-performance photocatalytic materials and holds important application prospects in environmental governance.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yifei Yin,Wenjun Zhou,Ming Zhang
A microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) composite integrating surface phosphate (P) modification and lattice nitrogen (N) doping (NP-mZVI) was successfully fabricated by one-step mechanochemical method in aim to establish synergistic adsorption-reduction pathways for enhanced Cr(VI) removal. NP-mZVI demonstrated superior reactivity for Cr(VI) removal with 100% of both removal efficiency and conversion rate, which significantly outperform the pristine ball-milled mZVI bm and P-modified mZVI bm . Furthermore, NP-mZVI also exhibited excellent removal performance for a range of heavy metals (e.g., Ni(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II)), and was also demonstrated to be pH-universal, long-term stability, and environmental applicability. The strategic integration of lattice N doping and surface P coordination in NP-mZVI establishes a dual-path optimization mechanism for enhanced Cr(VI) removal. Surface P groups enable bidentate Cr(VI) complexation through ligand-specific recognition, reducing adsorption energy barriers while creating Fe-O-P mediate directional charge transfer. Concurrently, interstitial N doping induces lattice tensile strain via Fe Fe bond elongation, weakening metallic bonding networks to amplify electron liberation from the Fe 0 core. N facilitates electron release through strain engineering while P directs interfacial electron utilization. This synergistic coupling of core activation and surface mediation resolves the kinetic mismatch between electron supply and interfacial demand, achieving superior Cr(VI) removal efficiency through adsorption-reduction pathway integration. This study highlighting the synergistic effects of surface P modification and lattice N doping for mZVI in enhancing the reduction and removal of Cr(VI), and provides a new insight into rational design of modified mZVI with high reactivity.
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