JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Chengyu Wang,Xiaorui Xu,Yang Tong,Wentao Zhou,Yafei Wang
Pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is an important step in nuclear fuel cycle with the purpose of minimizing the radiation impact on environment and recycling useful elements. One major concern in the development of pyroprocessing is the structural material corrosion in LiCl-KCl molten salt electrolyte, which is the core component of the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. To understand the influence of O 2- impurity on the structural material corrosion in LiCl-KCl molten salt, the study investigates the corrosion behavior of Inconel 600 alloy in LiCl-KCl molten salt containing different amounts of O 2- impurities at 500 °C by immersion corrosion experiments and electrochemical analyses.The results indicate that O 2- could accelerate the high-temperature corrosion behavior. The alloy surface developed a bilayer oxide structure following 500-hour exposure to molten salt with 3 mol% O 2- , identified as a 3.36-μm-thick outer Li 2 NiO 2 layer and a 1.11-μm-thick inner LiCrO 2 layer. Based on the corrosion behaviors of Inconel 600 alloy in LiCl-KCl molten salt with different amounts of O 2- impurities, a new O 2- affected corrosion mechanism involving the formation of dual-layer oxide films and nickel-rich particles was proposed, which could provide new insights for the corrosion study in the applications of pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.
研究领域:
核能工程
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Xinglin Zhou,Lei Huang,Yan Zhou,Xiaohui Ning
Calcium-based liquid metal batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to calcium abundance and low cost, yet their practical applications are impeded by high operating temperatures, severe self-discharge, limited coulombic efficiency, and rapid capacity fading. Here, we develop a machine learning (ML)-assisted optimization framework, integrating data-driven analysis, ML prediction, and experimental verification to design a high-performance ternary molten-salt electrolyte. Through multi-parameter evaluation of thermodynamic stability, melting behavior, density, and cost, KCl was identified as an optimal third component for CaCl 2 -LiCl based systems. A multidimensional descriptor-performance dataset was constructed to develop a random forest model for precise electrolyte composition optimization. Guided by this model, the KCl-CaCl 2 -LiCl electrolyte (13:35:52 mol%) was experimentally verified to enable stable operation at 480°C, delivering a coulombic efficiency >99.5%, an ultralow self-discharge current density of 0.31 mA cm −2 , >91% capacity retention after 100 cycles, while maintaining a low material cost of 0.81$ kg −1 . This optimized ternary electrolyte suppresses calcium dissolution through cooperative multi-cation effects, significantly improving low-temperature electrochemical performance and cycling stability. This work not only provides a viable pathway toward practical Ca-based LMBs but also establishes a generalizable ML-assisted paradigm for accelerated electrolyte design in advanced electrochemical energy storage.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Sun Jiaqi,Peng Yaru,Chen Zeng
Applications of the molten salt electrodeposition method have attracted researcher’s attention in the preparation of magnesium-based alloys in the past decades. Sometimes, hot corrosion occurs on the surface of a metal electrode in molten salt. Here, the corrosion of a Ni electrode and its effect on the electrochemical formation processes of Mg-Ni alloys were studied in LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 molten salt under an Ar atmosphere. Immersion experiments and some electrochemical experiments, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), open-circuit chronopotentiometry (OCP), and potentiostatic electrolysis, were carried out to investigate the performance of a Ni metal electrode in LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 molten salt. Hot corrosion of the Ni electrode became serious with the addition of MgCl 2 , and MgO was deposited on the surface of the Ni sheet. The CV and OCP experiments showed that the water introduced from outside had serious effects on the electrochemical reaction processes in this experiment. Corrosion of the Ni substrate was dynamically and thermodynamically inhibited in the electrochemical formation processes of Mg-Ni alloys. However, there was a small amount of MgO in the Mg-Ni alloys, and corrosion of the Ni sheet showed obvious effects on the morphology of Mg-Ni alloys
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Chaoqun Fei,Shulan Qi,Jiahuan Zhang,Shi Zhou,Yingxue Guo,Yanli Zhao,Jiazheng Jin,Jinlian Li,Ximing Cui,Dongmei Wu
As industrialization accelerates, there is an increasing need to find a quick, easy, and affordable method to assess the potential DNA damage caused by newly developed chemicals. Electrochemical voltammetry using intracellular purine bases as markers shows promise for detecting DNA damage. However, it is unclear whether drugs with different DNA damage mechanisms will impact purine metabolism in cells and consequently disturb the electrochemical indicators of DNA damage. In this paper, the electrochemical behaviors of HepG2 cells exposed to the direct DNA-damaging agent (MNNG), the indirect DNA-damaging agent (CPT11), and the non-DNA-damaging agent (KCl) were studied. The findings showed that the electrochemical signals of cells increased with the rising concentration of DNA-damaging drugs. A time-dependent effect was observed, with a lower threshold dose for 4 h compared to 1 h. However, the non-DNA-damaging agent did not induce an increase in the cellular electrochemical signal. Despite the higher cytotoxicity of CPT11, MNNG triggered DNA damage at a lower dose, as detected by electrochemical indicators. The results of the electrochemical indicators assessment of DNA damage correlated significantly with those of the γH2AX focus and alkaline comet assays, with r > 0.98 and P < 0.01. Particularly, there was a stronger correlation with the alkaline comet assay. Furthermore, electrochemical voltammetry detected DNA damage at a lower threshold compared to other assessment methods, demonstrating a higher sensitivity to DNA damage. These findings suggest that by using purine bases as markers, electrochemical voltammetry enables precise assessment of DNA damage caused by various mechanisms.
研究领域:
毒理学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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生物医学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
VACUUM
·
2025
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IF 3.9
Jianan Wen,Rui Liu,Zhangcai Zhou,Guoxiang Xin,Jinxiao Bao,Jianmin Gao,Yao Wang,Jinling Song
Coal gasification slags (CGSs), as by-products of the coal chemical industries, are favorable carbon precursor materials and more economical to mass-produce than biomass. In this study, coal gasification slags were utilized as carbon sources for the fabrication of activated carbon supercapacitor electrode materials. Residual carbon (RC) was first obtained by the gravity separation method from CGSs. Then, RC was then synergistically activated by KOH-KCl eutectic molten salts under the optimized conditions of 420 °C and 3 h and obtained activated carbon ACRC3. The specific surface areas (SSAs) and pore volume of the ACRC3 were 745.83 m 2 /g and 0.75 cm 3 /g, respectively. The electrochemical tests showed that the high specific capacitance of the ACRC3 was 190.0 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g. Symmetrical supercapacitors (ACRC3//ACRC3) exhibited 99 % capacitance retention at 0.3 A/g after undergoing 10,000 cycles. These electrochemical properties of ACRC3 were more excellent than those of the commercial activated carbon electronic materials (PEC-2, YP-50F or YP-80F). The low-temperature and simple activation of RC as high-performance supercapacitors can provide new directions for recycling CGSs.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2022
·Vol. 106
·期 2
·860-866
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IF 4.186
Weiliang Jin,Jie Pang,Qian Kou,Chuntao Ge,Hongmin Zhu,Geir Martin Haarberg,Saijun Xiao,Jun Zhang
This paper demonstrates the availability of electro-codeposition (i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles and electrochemical deposition of metal ions) in molten salts without the assistance of stirring of the bath. In molten NaCl–KCl–AlCl 3 –MoO 3 system containing TiB 2 nanoparticles at 710°C, the electro-codeposition of TiB 2 nanoparticles and Mo(VI) ions has been achieved, and a (Ti, Mo)B 2 coating has been prepared.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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表面工程
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纳米材料
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 3.2
Sen Wu,Li Liu,Qinming Wang,Jinlin Wan,Xingfu Zhou
In situ KCl doping regulates SnO 2 via CBD. • Synergistic Cl − passivation reduces defects in SnO 2 . • SnO 2 modification improves perovskite crystallization. • Carbon-based devices deliver high efficiency and low hysteresis. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their high power conversion efficiency and low-cost fabrication. However, interfacial defects and inefficient charge transport at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface remain critical challenges limiting device performance and stability. In this work, a KCl-modified SnO 2 ETL is developed via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) strategy to enhance interfacial properties and charge transport dynamics. The incorporation of KCl effectively passivates oxygen vacancies and undercoordinated Sn 4+ defects in SnO 2 , leading to improved film crystallinity and reduced defect density. As a result, charge extraction is facilitated and non-radiative recombination is suppressed. The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.13%, representing a 7.22% enhancement compared to the pristine device. Furthermore, the modified devices exhibit reduced hysteresis, improved moisture resistance, and enhanced long-term stability, retaining 74.2% of the initial efficiency after 1200 h under ambient conditions. Notably, the CBD-based KCl modification offers both superior performance and simplified fabrication compared to conventional spin-coating methods, highlighting its potential for scalable and stable PSCs applications. A KCl-modified SnO 2 electron transport layer (ETL) was developed via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) strategy and integrated into carbon-electrode-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The incorporation of KCl effectively passivates oxygen vacancies and undercoordinated Sn 4+ defects in SnO 2 , thereby reducing defect density, facilitating interfacial charge extraction, and suppressing non-radiative recombination. The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.13%, representing a 7.22% improvement over the control device, along with reduced hysteresis and enhanced moisture stability, retaining 74.2% of its initial efficiency after 1200 h under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the CBD approach offers simplified fabrication and reduced production costs compared to conventional spin-coating methods, demonstrating promising potential for scalable PSC applications. Download: Download high-res image (274KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
IONICS
·
2026
·
IF 3.4
Liu Zhuangzhuang,Yang Xiaobo,Li Shengting,Lu Guimin,Sun Ze
Iron impurities are among the most detrimental impurities in magnesium electrolysis because they can promote cathode passivation, reduce current efficiency, and contribute to Mg loss. This study systematically investigated the electrochemical reduction of Fe(Ⅲ) and the corresponding cathode passivation mechanism in an anhydrous carnallite melt composed of MgCl₂ and KCl with a molar ratio of 1:1 at 973 K. Based on cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), chronoamperometry (CA), chronopotentiometry (CP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the results show that Fe(Ⅲ) reduction is a single-step, diffusion-controlled, quasi-reversible process. Current reversal chronopotentiometry (CR-CP) measurements based on representative curves suggested a decrease in apparent current efficiency from 92.5% to 79.1% after 10 min of electrolysis. Morphological and electrochemical analyses further suggest the underlying passivation mechanism. During the initial stage of electrolysis, Fe(Ⅲ) is preferentially reduced and deposited on the cathode surface as a porous, sponge-like structure. The newly formed porous Fe deposits may adsorb MgO-containing species from the molten salt, suggesting the possible presence of an Fe/Mg/O-rich passivation layer on the cathode surface. Such a surface layer may reduce the wettability of the cathode toward liquid Mg and hinder the spreading and coalescence of Mg droplets, thereby promoting the deposition of Mg as fine, discrete, caviar-like particles with diameters below 1 mm. This process may contribute to Mg loss and the decrease in current efficiency during electrolysis. These findings provide fundamental insight into the role of Fe(Ⅲ) in cathode passivation during magnesium electrolysis.
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DOI
高影响因子
RARE METALS
·
2024
·
IF 9.6
Deng Li-Ying,Zhang Qing,Li Wang-Yang,Ye Xiao-Yuan,Zhao Yi-Fan,Chen Shen-Zhong,Wang Yu-Lan,Wang Xing-Hui,Chen Hui-Peng,Yu Zhi-Yang,Yan Qun,Cheng Shu-Ying,Guo Tai-Liang,Hu Wen-Ping,Ding Feng,Sun Jie
Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides (2DMOs), such as MoO 2 , have made impressive strides in recent years, and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and lasers has been demonstrated. However, 2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals nature. We report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter scale. We systematically investigate the effects of temperature, homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method, demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and precursor. Afterward, the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals, leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution; by applying this method, the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO 2 flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale (~ 464 μm) were yielded. Electrical studies have revealed that the 2D MoO 2 features metallic properties, with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99 Ω·square −1 at room temperature, and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature. Graphical abstract TOC (Table of Content)
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子器件
·
晶体生长
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 6.9
Fei Liang,Shaobo Xi,Jing Ding,Jianfeng Lu,Duu-Jong Lee,Shule Liu
The Gen 3 concentrating solar power (CSP) system, featuring a high-temperature molten chloride salt reheating device, can continuously generate electricity with high efficiency. Adding nanoparticles to molten salts can improve the suspension’s thermal conductivity and heat capacity. However, nanoparticle agglomeration can impair heat transfer and storage performance, potentially leading to device failure. This study employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with machine learning (ML) potentials to explore the enhancement mechanism of SiO 2 nanoparticles on the thermal properties of a molten LiCl-KCl eutectic. Specific heat capacity and suspension density were monitored and compared with experiments, considering molten salt temperature, nanoparticle sizes, and loadings as control variables. Adding 13–28 Å SiO 2 at 1–6% w/w increased the specific heat capacity of the molten eutectic. Interfacial adsorption of molten salt ions onto the nanoparticles created a unique microstructure, preventing particle agglomeration and enhancing inter-particle heat transport rates. While the specific surface area of nanoparticles is a primary factor in determining thermal performance, its impact diminishes with smaller nanoparticles due to agglomeration. Detailed comparisons of ion distributions around the nanoparticles revealed that strong interfacial adsorption of Li + primarily regulates the electrical field near the interface, leading to excess surface adsorption and increased heat capacity. The molecular configurations for LiCl-KCl nanofluids were detailed and presented for the first time to suggest practical ways to enhance their heat storage performance. Strategies to minimize particle agglomeration in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic are discussed based on the study’s conclusions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
热工工程
·
可再生能源
·
计算化学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys
·
2020
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IF 7.115
Shaolong Li,Yusi Che,Chenyao Li,Yongchun Shu,Jilin He,Bin Yang,Jianxun Song
The electrochemical behavior of Mg 2+ and Al 3+ in LiCl-KCl (mass 4: 1) melt at 973 K was studied on a Mo electrode systematically by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The results showed that the reductions of Mg 2+ and Al 3+ were reversible processes controlled by the rate of the mass transfer. When Mg 2+ and Al 3+ coexisted in LiCl-KCl melt, they had no significant effect on the reduction potential of each other. The equilibrium potentials of Mg 2+ /Mg and Al 3+ /Al were obtained by open circuit potential method. Their apparent standard potentials were also calculated in this system and the values were −2.52 V vs Cl 2 /Cl − , −1.66 V vs Cl 2 /Cl − , respectively. Correspondingly, the apparent Gibbs free energies of Mg 2+ /Mg and Al 3+ /Al were −485.71 kJ/mol, −480.78 kJ/mol. Finally, potentiostatic electrolysis was performed on a Mo electrode in LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -AlCl 3 (the mass ratio of MgCl 2 to AlCl 3 was 10:1) melt at different potentials. The components of the deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The study revealed that the content of Al in the deposit decreased as the overpotential increased and Al tended to segregate at the grain boundaries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2025
·
IF 2.1
Yifan Li,Sifan Wang,Jiangbo Chen,Huan Zhou
Boron-containing brines are widely distributed in nature, and within the pH range of salt lakes, B4O72– is one of the primary boron forms. To express the brine properties and phase equilibrium behavior of boron-containing brine systems, experiments and thermodynamic research based on the eNRTL framework were carried out. Tetraborate aqueous systems are focused in this study: (1) the phase diagram data of K2B4O7–K2SO4–H2O and K2B4O7–K2SO4–KCl–H2O systems at 298.15 and 323.15 K were experimentally determined; (2) the heat capacity of the B4O72– ion was determined via simultaneously fitting the thermodynamic property and solubility data of Li2B4O7, Na2B4O7 and K2B4O7 aqueous systems; (3) the liquid parameters (interaction parameters between water–ionic pair and ionic pair–ionic pair) and solid parameters (ΔfGk°, ΔfHk°, ΔCp,k°) for three binary systems (Li2B4O7–H2O, Na2B4O7–H2O, K2B4O7–H2O) and two ternary systems (K2B4O7–K2SO4–H2O, K2B4O7–KCl–H2O) were determined by fitting the multitemperature phase diagram data; and (4) the complete structures of the phase diagram for the ternary and quaternary systems were predicted. The results demonstrate that (1) the models can effectively describe the solution properties and solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of tetraborate-containing aqueous systems, (2) the parameters exhibit thermodynamic consistency, and (3) the predicted complete phase diagram is reasonable.
研究领域:
化学
·
地球科学
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）