SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Wenze Zhang,Yukun Duan,Xiaopeng Chi,Wen Tan,Wei Weng,Shuiping Zhong
In the zinc production industry using Mn-rich zinc ore, substantial quantities of anodic slime are generated during electrolytic zinc production, containing ∼ 40 % Mn and ∼ 3 % Pb. While a valuable secondary resource, this material poses environmental risks as solid waste. Conventional reductive leaching methods rely on costly reductants and generate high carbon emissions. This study introduces a process utilizing flue gas from zinc plants as a reductant, achieving 92 % Mn leaching efficiency while simultaneously extracting 25 % Sr and fixing 92 % SO 2 as sulfate in solution. Kinetic analysis shows a mixed control model with an activation energy of 13.83 kJ/mol, with reaction rates further enhanced by optimizing gas inlet design. The MnSO 4 -rich leachate is processed into battery-grade MnSO 4 powder, and Sr is recovered as SrCO 3 , suitable for use as an additive in electrolytic zinc processes. Additionally, NaOH consumption for flue gas desulfurization decreases significantly from 2.14 kg to 0.17 kg per Nm 3 . Economic evaluation indicates reagent costs represent only 2 % of the total value of MnSO 4 and SrCO 3 products, offering a sustainable pathway for anodic slime utilization and SO 2 mitigation in zinc smelting.
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2024
·
IF 8.9
Zhi-Fei Zhang,Ying Zhang,Hai-Rui Bai,Peng Li,Hai-Hua Huang,Zi-Liang Li,Mahesh Kumar Joshi,Wei Li,Ji-Gong Hao,Juan Du,Peng Fu
With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies, dielectric capacitor materials with the outstanding recoverable energy density and power density have garnered significant attention from researchers in the past decades. In this study, (1- x ) (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 - x Sr(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method, and the impact of composition on their structure, energy storage performance and stability were investigated. The results revealed that the introduction of Sr(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 induced the ferroelectric-relaxor transformation of (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 ceramics, leading to the destruction of the long-range ferroelectric order and the formation of polar nanoregions. In addition, the 0.7(Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 –0.3Sr(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 ceramic exhibited the optimal comprehensive energy storage performance: its recoverable energy storage W rec attained 8.19 J/cm 3 at 650 kV/cm, while the energy storage efficiency η was 85.6 %. Meanwhile, it displayed exceptionally high power density (315.7 MW/cm 3 ) and charge-discharge rate ( t 0.9 = 50.4 ns). Moreover, this ceramic demonstrated the impressive energy storage performance, in particular, good temperature stability across a wide range of temperatures (20–140 °C), frequency stability (1–200 Hz), and fatigue resistance (1–10 6 cycles). Finite element analysis showed an enhancement in the breakdown field strength of the ceramics was attributed to the reduction in grain size. First-principles calculations revealed that the band gap increased after adding Sr and Zr elements, and the interactions between the states of O 2p and Ti 3d, Zr 3d, Bi 6p may serve as the microscopic origin of electron energy level polarization and enhanced dielectric performance. Thus, the ceramics have great potential for the application in high-power pulsed electronic systems.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Qingjun Zhou,Yuhan Gong,Xinyue Zhang,Zilun Xia
A series of cathode materials of Pr 2-x Sr x NiO 4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5) are synthesized by the EDTA-citric acid route. The results show that the Pr 1.7 Sr 0.3 NiO 4 , Pr 1.5 Sr 0.5 NiO 4 , Pr 1.3 Sr 0.7 NiO 4 and PrSrNiO 4 exhibit excellent structural stability and carbon dioxide resistance, and also exhibit good chemical compatibility and thermal matching with the SDC electrolyte. It is also found that the Sr doping is beneficial in improving the high temperature conductivity of Pr 2-x Sr x NiO 4 . At 800 °C, the electrical conductivity of Pr 1.5 Sr 0.5 NiO 4 and Pr 1.3 Sr 0.7 NiO 4 reaches 185 S cm −1 and 317 S cm −1 , respectively. In addition, the area-specific resistance (ASR) value increases significantly with Sr doping, which reduces the catalytic activity of the material. Acceptable ASR values are obtained for Pr 1.5 Sr 0.5 NiO 4 and Pr 1.3 Sr 0.7 NiO 4 , with ASR values of 0.079 Ω cm 2 and 0.082 Ω cm 2 at 800 °C, respectively. Additionally, the most interesting result is the ASR value obtained after high-temperature thermal decomposition of Pr 2 NiO 4 , where Pr 2 NiO 4 * (decomposed) has the lowest ASR value of only 0.027 Ω cm 2 at 800 °C, showing the best catalytic activity. The maximum power densities of Pr 2-x Sr x NiO 4 (x = 0.5 and 0.7) and Pr 2 NiO 4 * are found to be 515, 430, and 548 mW cm −2 at 800 °C, respectively. These results show that when the Sr doping amount is less than 1.5, the stability of the Pr 2-x Sr x NiO 4 cathode material can be effectively improved, but its catalytic performance is partially sacrificed.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Xinyu Liu,Taotao Ai,Yazhong Zheng,Xinyu Chen,Qin Li,Qian Qiu,Ying Zheng,Yuan Zhou,Haikui Song,Kun Yu,Chunlin Song,Haibo Zhang,Yan Yan,Gang Liu
The lead-free piezoelectric ceramics used in piezoelectric actuators have attracted extensive attention owing to their substantial electric-field-induced strain. In this study, The (1- x )Bi 0.5 (Na 0.41 K 0.09 )TiO 3 - x Sr(Hf 0.5 Sb 0.4 )O 3 (BNKT- x SHS) piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. The impact of SHS substitution on the microstructure and electrical properties was systematically explored. Among them, the BNKT-0.015SHS sample, featuring ergodic relaxor states, demonstrates a high piezoelectric strain coefficient ( d 33 *) of 785 p.m./V under a low electric field of 50 kV/cm(Strain = 0.392 %). It exhibits a repeatable strain value of 0.47 % under an 80 kV/cm electric field( d 33 * = 590 p.m./V). Moreover, the strain values remain around 0.4 % between room temperature and 100 °C, with variations within 90 %. The heightened repeatable strain response is considered to be linked to the electric field-induced reversible phase transition occurring within the ergodic relaxor state. The higher strain temperature stability is ascribed to the coexistence of quadrilateral polar nanoregions and rhombic polydomain nanoregions. This study provides an effective example for achieving significant strain responses, presenting a feasible candidate material for applications in piezoelectric actuators.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Bo An,Qin Zhang,Ke Wang,Jiaqi Yang,Dongxing Song,Huijuan Su
The Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9- x Sr x O 2-δ ( x = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.07) electrolytes were synthesized via the citric acid-EDTA combustion method as electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), aiming to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical stability of SOFCs at intermediate-to-high temperatures. Sr²⁺ doping improved electrolyte densification, increased grain volume, and reduced grain boundary density, thereby enhancing the dielectric constant. These modifications decreased both intragrain and grain boundary resistances and facilitated oxygen ion migration. At 500°C, the optimized Gd 0.1 Ce 0.86 Sr 0.04 O 2-δ exhibited a 6.4-fold increase in ionic conductivity and a 50% reduction in activation energy compared to Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 . This enhancement was partially attributed to the improved scavenging coefficient of Gd 0.1 Ce 0.86 Sr 0.04 O 2-δ , whose blocking factor decreased by approximately 43% relative to Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 . Dielectric property analysis elucidated the contribution of Gd-Sr synergistic effects to interfacial polarization.In terms of mechanical properties, the 4GSDC sample demonstrated a 13.5% increase in Vickers hardness, 69.7% improvement in fracture toughness, and 24.91% enhancement in flexural strength compared to GDC. At 750°C, single cells with the 4GSDC electrolyte achieved a power density of 1100 mW/cm², representing a 55.4% improvement over GDC. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Sr²⁺ incorporation effectively reduced binding energy and migration barriers. Therefore, Sr-Gd co-doping can be regarded as an effective strategy to enhance the performance of ceria-based electrolytes in IT-SOFCs.
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高影响因子
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Jiangyu Yu,Yingbo Zhang,Decai Zhu,Wenliang Fan,Nan Wang,Yaohui Niu,Jiali Zhou,Chengjun Zhu
A major challenge for semiconductor ion fuel cells (SIFCs) is to design an electrolyte with proton transport properties so that it can maintain high ionic conductivity within relatively low temperatures. Herein, we develop a Sr and Mg codoped LaAlO3 electrolyte that facilitates efficient conduction of protons and oxygen ions by enriching oxygen vacancies and reducing the activation energy of ion conduction. The optimized electrolyte shows a low activation energy of 0.31 eV and demonstrates remarkably elevated ionic conductivity at low temperatures, e.g., 0.1994 S cm–1 at 550 °C. This is attributed to the significant increase in oxygen vacancies, which has been verified by XPS technology. Meanwhile, the Sr and Mg codoped LaAlO3 electrolyte exhibits remarkable proton transport properties, confirmed by proton filtration experiments, which provide further evidence for the improvement of the electrolyte ionic conductivity. As a result, the fuel cell with an optimized LaAlO3 electrolyte delivers an impressive peak power density of 977 mW·cm–2 with an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.126 V at 550 °C. Particularly, compared with the fuel cell with a pure LaAlO3 electrolyte, the peak power density is increased by 38.4%. The dual-ion doping strategy provides crucial insight into the further development of high ionic conductivity electrolytes for SIFCs.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 26
·2039
·
IF 3.2
Wang Yue,Wang Xin,Chen Zhiwu,Lu Zhenya
BiFeO 3 –BaTiO 3 (BF–BT)-based piezoelectric ceramics have attracted significant attention due to their high Curie temperature ( T C ) and high residual polarization ( P r ), making them a highly promising lead-free piezoelectric ceramic system. However, their poor piezoelectric performance severely limits their practical applications. In this study, using the solid-state reaction method, we systematically investigated the addition of Sr(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 (SZT) on the crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (0.7− x )BiFeO 3 –0.3BaTiO 3− x Sr(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 ( x = 0–0.008) ceramics. The results indicate that the introduction of SZT effectively suppresses the formation of Bi 25 FeO 40 , improves sintering density, and promotes grain growth (the average grain size reaches 4.82 μm at x = 0.006). More importantly, SZT doping caused Sr 2+ to further enhance the eccentric displacement of A-site ions; this localized structural distortion, in synergy with the transition of Bi 3+ from a disordered to an ordered arrangement under an external electric field, significantly improved the piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. At the same time, doping effectively suppressed changes in the valence state of Fe 3+ , thereby reducing leakage current. When x = 0.006, the material exhibited optimal overall electrical properties: The piezoelectric constant d 33 reached ~ 197 pC/N, and the electromechanical coupling coefficient k p was 0.336, representing increases of 48 and 39%, respectively, compared to the undoped sample ( d 33 = 133 pC/N, k p = 0.241). The residual polarization intensity P r reached as high as 29.9 μC/cm 2 , the Curie temperature reached 501 °C, and the material exhibited excellent temperature stability and large piezoelectric strain (0.249% @ 40 kV/cm, inverse piezoelectric coefficient d * 33 = 622.5 pm/V). This study not only verifies the significant performance enhancement of SZT doping on BF–BT-based piezoelectric ceramics but also provides an effective strategy and experimental basis for the development of lead-free piezoelectric materials that combine high-voltage electroactivity with high thermal stability.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2025
·Vol. 108
·期 8
·e20595
·
IF 3.8
Qian Qiu,Haoyu Wang,Yanghao Xu,Xinyu Chen,Xinyu Liu,Yuan Zhou,Zeyu Lv,Jinfeng Sun,Shaofei Zhang,Haibo Zhang,Abdul Manan,Gang Liu,Yan Yan
Piezoelectric ceramics, renowned for their ability to interconvert mechanical strain/stress and electrical signals, are widely utilized in diverse fields, such as electronic communications, aerospace, and national defense. Their appeal lies in their rapid response, precise motion control, and low power consumption, making them indispensable in advanced electromechanical systems. Bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)-based ceramic materials exhibit excellent strain performance and piezoelectric response, making them highly promising for applications in actuators and transducers. In this study, the piezoelectric ceramic system of (0.93− x )Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 −0.07BaTiO 3 − x Sr(Sn 0.5 Ta 0.4 )O 3 ( x = 0–0.02, BNBT− x SST) were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. Through a combination of composition design and phase boundary engineering, the microstructure of the ceramics is modified, and a systematic analysis of the relationship between the electrical properties and the microstructure is conducted. The results indicate that the addition of SST reduces the domain size and influences the phase evolution, gradually transitioning the ceramics from non-ergodic relaxor (NR) to ergodic relaxor (ER) state. Among all the compositions, BNBT−0.010SST exhibits outstanding performance. At a relatively low driving electric field ( E = 50 kV/cm), the maximum piezoelectric strain coefficient ( d 33 * ) reaches 632 pm/V, while under a relatively higher driving electric field ( E = 80 kV/cm), a strain response of 0.42% is achieved. This exceptional performance is believed to result from a reversible phase transition between the FE and ER states driven by the electric field. Additionally, the strain of this ceramic remains stable at over 90% within the temperature range of 30°C–100°C, demonstrating outstanding temperature-insensitive properties. At the same time, compared to other BNT-based ceramic systems, the hysteresis at room temperature has been effectively reduced, remaining below 47%. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for improving the strain performance of NBT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, offering greater possibilities for their application in piezoelectric devices.
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高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 26
·期 5
·2763-2772
·
IF 9.3
Lei Guo,Shuaibo Gao,Zuojun Hu,Yongxin Wu,Fangzhao Pang,Huayi Yin,Dihua Wang
Green metal-electrode batteries call for the clean production of s-block metals. Herein, we developed an electrolysis–displacement–distillation (EDD) approach for producing s-block metals with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution. The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl–Na2CO3 electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution, an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen, and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product (e.g., Na–Sn) sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell. Later, M–Sn (M = Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) alloys were successfully prepared by a displacement reaction between the Na–Sn alloy and molten NaCl–LiCl, NaCl–MgCl2, NaCl–CaCl2, NaCl–SrCl2, or NaCl–BaCl2 with a displacement efficiency of >96.0%. Furthermore, Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba metals were separated from M–Sn alloys using vacuum distillation with a separation rate of >95.0%. We achieved a current efficiency of 81.0% for the electrolytic production of 100 kg of a liquid Na–Sn alloy, which holds promise to produce s-block metals at a large scale.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2023
·
IF 6.2
Wenji Ruan,Menglin Wu,Yuanhua Xia,Jiupai Ni,Chengsheng Ni
This study aimed at improving electrocatalytic activity of solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) cathode via in-situ exsolved nanoparticles. La 0.67 Sr 0.33 Fe 0.67 Ti 0.33 O 3-δ (LSFT) and La 0.67 Sr 0.33 Fe 0.6 Ni 0.067 Ti 0.33 O 3-δ (LSFNT-67) cathodes with a La/Sr ratio about 2.0 showed the exsolution of Fe 0 and FeNi 3 alloy nanoparticles, respectively, under a reducing atmosphere. The SOEC with LSFT of electrocatalysis is better than LSFNT-67 at 800 °C for direct electrolysis of CO 2 , the current density of LSFT and LSFNT-67 reach − 0.54 A cm −2 and − 0.29 A cm −2 , respectively, and the Faradaic efficiency is close to unity during the 25 h′ durability under a − 1.3 V bias. The better cell performance for the cell with LSFT than LSFNT-67 could be related to the larger distortion and the less amount of insulating LaSrGa 3 O 7 in the former, causing its unexpectedly larger quantity of metal exsolution and electron conduction for more active reaction sites for CO 2 activation. This work demonstrated that apart from thermodynamic consideration, steric effect of the B site cation could be important for the exsolution of metal particles from a perovskite with high La/Sr ratio and the resultant electrocatalysis of CO 2 electrolysis.
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高影响因子
IONICS
·
2026
·
IF 3.4
Li Fenglin,Cheng Chu,Qian Ying,Kuang Jialei,Mao Jiajun,Hu Bin,Jian Jiawen,Xia Jihong,Zou Jie
Accurate on-site monitoring of the humidity in the flue gas from coal combustion is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of particulate matter (PM) measurements and improving the energy efficiency of power generation systems. However, developing humidity sensors with both high sensitivity and high selectivity remains a significant challenge, mainly due to the harsh working environment in the flue (high temperature and corrosiveness) and the significant cross-sensitivity caused by the similar electrolysis voltages of H 2 O and CO 2 . To address this issue, a series of amperometric sensors based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were fabricated, which employed La 1−x Sr x FeO 3 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) perovskite sensing electrodes, and the influence of Sr 2+ doping on the humidity sensing performance was systematically studied. The results showed that the lightly doped La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 electrode exhibited the best performance, with a sensitivity of up to 70.4 µA/vol%, and could also effectively resist carbon dioxide interference. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated excellent repeatability and long-term stability in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. This research provides a promising material design and sensing strategy for on-site humidity monitoring in complex industrial flue gas environments.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
·
2026
·
IF 2.4
Shuangying Tang,Qianjiang Liu,Yu Fu,Lihang Jiang,Wenjing Liu,Shuai Wu,Jiaqi Chen,Si Chen,Xu Wang,Chunsheng Qu
Conventional calcium sulfate bone cements suffer from rapid degradation, poor anti-washout property, and inadequate bioactivity. To overcome these limitations, we developed an injectable bone cement based on a novel ternary synergistic system of Sr-doped alginate-phosphate (SA/Sr/PO43-) and hydrothermally synthesized α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH). This design leverages the rapid physical crosslinking between Ca2+ from α-CSH and the guluronic acid/mannuronic acid blocks of sodium alginate, resulting in a reinforced network with enhanced initial anti-washout property and a wet compressive strength of 2-12 MPa. Simultaneously, the alginate matrix induces the in situ mineralization of Ca2+ and PO43- ions, forming a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) precursor that decelerates the degradation rate (18% in PBS over 60 days) to match new bone formation. In addition, strontium ions (Sr2+) sustainably released from the material promote in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This work presents a novel composite cement that successfully integrates injectability, robust mechanical properties, controllable degradation, and osteoinductive capability.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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