Materials
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2022
·Vol. 15
·期 19
·6962
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IF 3.748
Kangren Niu,Kuiyan Song
The beeswax used in Chinese traditional hot waxed wood technology has several drawbacks, such as high price, scarce resources, and poor heat resistance. To expand the application of hot waxing technology in the field of wood decoration and protection, polyethylene wax was modified by a grafted maleic anhydride-methyl methacrylate co-monomer. A type of modified polyethylene wax with low cost, high melting point, high stability, and strong polarity suitable for hot waxed wood was prepared as a replacement for beeswax. The effects of the grafting conditions on the chemical properties, thermal properties, chemical structure, and crystallization properties of modified polyethylene wax were studied and compared to those of beeswax. The results show that maleic anhydride-methyl methacrylate co-monomer grafting can effectively improve the acid value of polyethylene wax. For the ratio of two monomers of 1/1, the total amount of monomer of 8 wt%, the amount of initiator of 2 wt%, the reaction temperature of 150 °C, and the acid value of modified polyethylene wax was consistent with that of beeswax, realizing the simulation of the main chemical properties of beeswax. The thermal stability and melting temperature of the modified polyethylene wax are significantly higher than those of beeswax, its crystal structure is similar to that of beeswax, and the cyclic anhydride groups and ester groups introduced by co-monomer grafting endow it with polar groups that play an important role in the wood hot waxing process.Keywords:beeswax;polyethylene wax;grafting;maleic anhydride;methyl methacrylate;thermal and chemical properties
研究领域:
材料科学
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木材科学与技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
·
2021
·
IF 1.99
Yanmin Huang,Xiangying Li,Dongmei Mo,Haiyan Yuan,Qiang Hu,Yang Jiang,Chunfang Gan,Yong Chen,Weiguo Li,Rui Lu,Jianguo Cui
Using polyethylene wax (PW) as the coating matrix, the lambda-cyhalothrin-PW nanosuspoemulsion (LC-PW) with a particle size of 80-150nm was prepared through high-speed stirring, hot melt emulsification and ultrasonic dispersion. The formulation and composition of the LC-PW were optimized, the morphology of the LC-PW was analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM, and the structure of the LC-PW was characterized by UV and IR. The anti-photolysis test showed that LC-PW had a good anti-photolysis performance. Furthermore, LC-PW could sustainably release Lambda-cyhalothrin, which was pH- and temperature dependent. The insecticidal activity analysis in the greenhouse indicated that the toxic strength between LC-PW and LC-SC (lambda-cyhalothrin-suspension concentrate) to Mythimna separata was similar within the same concentration ranges tested, but the insecticidal duration of LC-PW was significantly longer than LC-SC. Thus, the new type of LC-PW with the properties of anti-photolysis and controlled release is suitable for application in the field as a better insecticide.
研究领域:
农药科学
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材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2023
·
IF 6.9
Liu Liu,Jianlei Niu,Jian-Yong Wu
This study was to explore the hydrophilic surfactant/Brij L4 mixture scheme for fabrication of highly stable paraffinic nano-emulsions melting at 55 °C by the low-energy phase inversion temperature method that has not been reported previously. Two commercial paraffin waxes were chosen as the PCM agents, Sasolwax 5203 with a higher onset T m of 54 °C in the initial development and OP44E with a lower onset T m of 44 °C for further assessment and fabrication. At accelerated stability testing by thermal approach, the rate of droplet size increase was mainly attributed to Ostwald ripening destabilization mechanism, and decreased by about 5 times for every 5 °C drop. Only a moderate increase in the particle size was observed, from 47.7 nm to 120.6 nm, over a period of 9 months at 45 °C. The exciting results in the accelerated stability evaluation greatly outperformed than those previous results only obtained from the regular stability testing including room temperature storage and heating-cooling cycles in a container, and hence this experimental result can offer a more meaningful reference in terms of service life of nano-emulsions flowing in pipelines. With the optimized surfactant mixtures, a series of highly stable paraffinic nano-emulsions in the working temperature range of 30–50 °C were successfully formulated as promising coolants in the active thermal management system.
研究领域:
材料科学
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热工程
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纳米技术
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2023
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IF 9.5
Zhao Xu,Yong-Bo Liu,Dun-Wen Wei,Rui-Ying Bao,Yu Wang,Kai Ke,Wei Yang
The work output of shape memory polymers during shape shifting is desired for practical application as actuators. Herein, a polyolefin elastomer (POE) and paraffin wax (PW) are co-cross-linked by dynamic boronic ester bonds to enhance the network elasticity and the stress transfer between the two phases, endowing high force storage capacity to the prepared vitrimers. Depending on the phase of PW, one-way force storage is realized by programming at a low temperature (25 °C), owing to which solid PW can promote the locking of POE chains in a low-entropy state, while reversible force storage can be realized by programming at a high temperature (75 °C), owing to which the relaxation of chains facilitated by liquid PW can promote the construction of a stable structure. Based on one-way force storage, a weight-lifting machine with a weight of 20 mg prestrained at 25 °C can lift a 100 g weight, showing a lifting ratio of no less than 5000, with a high work output of 0.98 J/g. A high-temperature alarm can be triggered at varied temperatures (43–56 °C) through controlled force release by adjusting the PW content and programmed prestrains. Based on the reversible force storage, crawling robots and artificial muscles with a work output of 0.025 J/g are demonstrated. The dynamic cross-linking network also confers mold-free self-healing capability to POE/PW vitrimers, and the repair efficiency is enhanced compared with the POE vitrimer due to the improved POE chain motion by liquid PW. The realized one-way and reversible force storage and self-healing by POE/PW vitrimers pave the way for the application of SMPs in the fields of soft robotic actuators.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2023
·
IF 8.8
Ruiling Liu,Liping Zhang,Shangyue Xiao,Hangjun Chen,Yanchao Han,Ben Niu,Weijie Wu,Haiyan Gao
Cuticular wax has been reported to play an essential role in resisting pathogens in various fruits. This study investigated the antifungal ability of the components in blueberry cuticular wax. We showed that the cuticular wax of blueberry inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea and ursolic acid (UA) was the key antifungal compound. UA inhibited B. cinerea growth in vitro and in vivo . Furthermore, UA increased extracellular conductivity and cellular leakage in B. cinerea , deformed the mycelial morphology, and destroyed cell ultrastructure. We also demonstrated that UA stimulated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivated ROS scavenging enzymes. These results indicate that UA may exert antifungal effects against B. cinerea by disrupting cell membrane integrity. Thus, UA has significant potential as an agent for the control of gray mold in blueberry.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
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2023
·Vol. 12
·期 10
·2011
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IF 5.2
Lilai Mo,Xinzhuan Yao,Hu Tang,Yan Li,Yujie Jiao,Yumei He,Yihe Jiang,Shiyu Tian,Litang Lu
Cuticular wax is a complex mixture of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives that constitute a natural barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial surface of terrestrial plants. In tea plants, leaf cuticular wax also contributes to the unique flavor and quality of tea products. However, the mechanism of wax formation in tea cuticles is still unclear. The cuticular wax content of 108 germplasms (Niaowang species) was investigated in this study. The transcriptome analysis of germplasms with high, medium, and low cuticular wax content revealed that the expression levels ofCsKCS3andCsKCS18were strongly associated with the high content of cuticular wax in leaves. Hence, silencingCsKCS3andCsKCS18using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the synthesis of cuticular wax and caffeine in tea leaves, indicating that expression of these genes is necessary for the synthesis of cuticular wax in tea leaves. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cuticular wax formation in tea leaves. The study also revealed new candidate target genes for further improving tea quality and flavor and cultivating high-stress-resistant tea germplasms.Keywords:cuticle wax;KCSgene family;tea plant (Camellia sinensis);wax biosynthesis
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 6.4
Hua Huang,Xuemei He,Qingming Sun,Guoming Liu,Yayuan Tang,Jian Sun
Pitaya ( Hylocereus undatus ) fruit is susceptible to pathogens that induce fruit decay after harvest. Cuticular waxes covering the outermost plant surfaces are the first site of plant-environment interactions; however, their changes in response to fruit decay are under-researched. Herein, the surface microstructures and chemical composition of wax on pitayas, as well as their changes in response to fruit decay, were comparatively studied. The varieties ‘Baishuijing’ (BSJ) and ‘Hongshuijing’ (HSJ) were examined after harvest. The fruit appearance, morphology, and wax composition differed between cultivars. The surface of both pitaya cultivars was smooth, although traces of granules and a thicker lipid layer were observed using histochemical staining in HSJ than in BSJ, as well as a higher cuticular wax content. Fruit decay rate increased rapidly in both cultivars under room storage conditions, and greater sensitivity to pathogens was found in BSJ than HSJ. As well as the occurrence of fruit decay, the total wax coverage, very-long-chain primary alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, and triterpenoids decreased in BSJ, while remaining relatively stable in HSJ. Correspondingly, the relative gene expression levels of HuKCS11 (−1, 2, and 3) , HuKCS17 , and HuKCS19 (for the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids), HuCER1 (for aldehydes or n -alkanes), HuFAR (−1 and 2) (for primary alcohols), HuBAS1 (−1, 3, and 4) (for β-amyrin), and HuLUS1 (for lupeol) were considerably modified following fruit senescence during storage. The difference in surface topography and wax accumulation between cultivars might have affected pathogen susceptibility after harvest. These results may help when choosing varieties of pitaya based on surface characteristics and cuticular chemicals. They may also help to optimize strategies for postharvest preservation and storage.
研究领域:
植物科学
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农学
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采后生理学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Shengye Chen,Kunquan Li,Xuanjun Li,Zhuohan Chen,Xiaojing Su,Xiaofan Zhang,Huali Xie,Yongxian Zhou,Wenjian Wu
At present, many oil-water separation membranes are being developed to purify oily wastewater. However, oily wastewater often contains heavy metal, which are often difficult to dispose during separation. Furthermore, most of the oil-water separation membranes cannot be degraded after scrap, producing pollution to environment. Herein, the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan@carnauba wax (PCGCW) membrane with heavy metal adsorption and biodegradation performance was acquired by electrospinning and spraying process. The acquired PCGCW membrane had excellent mechanical properties after crosslinking glutaraldehyde (GA). Furthermore, the composite membrane had excellent superhydrophobic property (WCA = 154°) with a rolling angle of 2°, due to the introduction of carnauba wax. Exhilaratingly, for emulsions with surfactant, it had a high separation flux with 19,217 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 and splendid an oil purity over 99.9 %. Besides, the efficiency of oil purity and separation flux remained stable even after 10 separations. In addition, the PCGCW membrane had the ability to adsorb heavy metals with adsorption capacity of 51–106 mg/g for Cu 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ ions. Foremost, the superhydrophobic PCGCW membrane was biodegradable, with degrading 29.76 % within 40 days. The prepared composite membrane had the advantages of low cost, high separation flux, great repeatability, adsorbable heavy metals and degradability, which had a vast application prospect.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Fan Shao,Fengzhi Guo,Tianyu Bai,Zhen Xu,Han Yang,Wenbo Kang,Yasong Zhou,Wenbin Huang,Gang Wang,Qiang Wei
The inherent diffusion constraints imposed by narrow micropores and elongated channels in Y zeolites severely limit jet fuel selectivity during Fischer-Tropsch wax hydrocracking. Advanced supports were synthesized via seed-directed crystallization (nano-Y-0P zeolite) and PDDA (polydiallydimethyl ammonium chloride)-mediated assembly (hierarchical nano-Y-xP zeolites, x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9). This dual-strategy synergistically addresses diffusion constraints in conventional Y-zeolite by optimizing nano structure of active sites and improving interfacial mass transfer (i.e., nano-crystal size and hierarchical porosity). Intelligent Gravimetric Analysis (IGA) directly validates hierarchical porosity and nanocrystalline advantages. Y-0.6P zeolite with optimal mesoporosity (0.75 cm 3 /g vs. 0.25 cm 3 /g in conventional Y-zeolite) and minimal crystallite size (131 nm vs. 1258 nm in conventional Y-zeolite) achieves intrinsic diffusion enhancement—the 5.36-fold higher diffusion rate than conventional S-Y zeolite. Zeolite crystallite size and hierarchical porosity critically govern metal–acid functionality balance by modulating acid site density (589.7 μmol/g vs. 812.4 μmol/g in conventional Y zeolite) and optimizing metal dispersion (40.5 %, vs. 18.26 % in conventional Y-zeolite). Pt/(Y-0.6P+ASA) catalyst achieves peak performance with 35.04 % C 9 –C 17 yield and 47.35 % selectivity in n-docosane hydrocracking. Notably, Fischer-Tropsch wax hydrocracking yields 26.83 % jet fuel (49.88 % selectivity) with ideal bell-shaped distribution. This work demonstrates Y-0.6P-supported catalyst has industrial potential for aviation fuel production from Fischer-Tropsch wax upgrading.
研究领域:
催化化学
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能源化工
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材料科学
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石油炼制
·
绿色能源
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Zuojia Xi,Xubiao Zhang,Chaohe Yang,Jun Xu
In the global energy landscape, the development of desert oil in Africa has increased the diversity of world oil supply and helped maintain the balance of the global energy market. However, wax precipitation and asphaltene deposition cause numerous challenges during the recovery and pipeline transportation of African crude oil. Traditional linear polymer additives often have limited wax-modifying and asphaltene-dispersing efficiency. In this work, linear poly(octadecyl acrylate-styrene) (POA-St) and a series of star POA-St copolymers with different arm numbers (3, 4, and 6) were synthesized through reversibly additive fragment chain transfer polymerization. The effects of the linear and star POA-St on the wax precipitating properties, pour point, rheology, and asphaltene stability of African waxy crude oil were studied in detail. The star POA-St copolymers show superior performance compared with linear polymers in inhibiting wax crystal formation, improving crude oil rheology, and stabilizing asphaltene. Increasing the arm number of star POA-St greatly improves its performance. Star POA-St-6 reduces the wax appearance temperature of the crude oil from 53.7°C to 51.1°C. At 20°C, the addition of the star POA-St-6 reduces the pour point of crude oil from 30°C to 21°C, and the viscosity and yield stress decrease by 74% and 55.2%, respectively. In addition, star POA-St-6 increases the initial precipitation points of asphaltene from 44.3% to 57.1%, showing a splendid asphaltene inhibiting efficiency. We speculate that the star POA-St stabilizes asphaltene aggregates among its arms and changes the wax crystal morphology through co-crystallization and nucleation effects, thereby exhibiting good performance. These findings provide prospective insights and avenues for the structural optimization and innovation of a new type of pour point depressant.
研究领域:
石油工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2024
·
IF 8.9
Linhan He,Kaili Ling,Mingjie Wang,Xuejin Zhang,Jing Li,Yao Chen,Yongming Fan
This study highlights the significance of the difference between the melting and solidification temperatures of phase change materials (PCMs) in their practical applications. We incorporated the wood fiber as a support phase and used alkylation to modify the pore structure and surface properties of silica aerogels . The effect of different pore size distributions and surface properties on the phase change properties of PCMs was investigated. The results showed that nanopores increased pressure and the melting point of PCMs while the weak interaction force on the substrate surface decreased their solidification temperature. Furthermore, using matrices with unique properties, such as mesopore and hydrophobic aerogels , proved to be effective in reducing the difference between the melting and solidification temperatures by up to 44.1 % compared to pure paraffin wax. Moreover, hydrophobic groups enhanced the encapsulation performance of the composite, effectively isolating the influence of water.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Ping Tang,Wanying Wang,Wangtong Qi,Xinyu Hou,Lanlan Hu,Biying Zhang,Ping Chen
AH-SC/P served as a multi-interface building block for active fruit coatings. • Acid–heat restructuring improved fruit-wax adhesion nearly five-fold. • Pectin regulated colloidal phase behavior and processable viscoelastic networks. • AH-SC/P stabilized 3% EUG with 94.95% encapsulation efficiency. • AH-SC-P-E delayed fruit deterioration with preliminary 28 d compatibility. Poor wetting and weak retention on low-energy waxy fruit surfaces remain major engineering barriers for waterborne edible coatings, even when the coating matrix shows good barrier or antimicrobial activity in model systems. Here, we developed a multi-interface engineering strategy to construct transport-regulated active coatings by restructuring sodium caseinate (SC) into wax-affinitive amyloid-like assemblies and regulating the resulting assemblies with pectin (PEC). Citric acid-assisted heating produced β-sheet-rich acid-heat-treated SC (AH-SC) assemblies with exposed hydrophobic domains, supporting stronger adsorption on a representative fruit-wax model and increasing the 180° peel force nearly fivefold from 65.3 to 323.2 N/m. PEC acted as a charged hydrocolloid regulator, balancing the wax affinity of AH-SC with colloidal phase control, shear-thinning processability, weak viscoelastic network formation, and oil–water interfacial adsorption. The optimized 2:1 AH-SC/P ratio stabilized 3% eugenol (EUG) with 94.95% encapsulation efficiency, enabled two-stage EUG release, and sustained antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Upon drying, the emulsion was converted into a flexible, water-resistant, visually compatible, and water-removable coating matrix. Application tests on kumquats and strawberries showed reduced water loss, maintained firmness, delayed quality deterioration, and suppressed microbial growth. A 28-day mouse oral gavage study showed no obvious systemic or histological abnormalities under the tested conditions, supporting preliminary in vivo compatibility. Overall, this work establishes AH-SC-PEC as a single food-compatible hydrocolloid building block for coordinating oil–water stabilization, coating-matrix formation, fruit-wax adhesion, active-compound transport, and post-use removability. Download: Download high-res image (412KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）