查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Saikosaponin antidepressant mechanism: Improving the sphingolipid metabolism in the cortex via Apolipoprotein E and triggering neurovascular coupling

Yonggui Song,Meixizi Lai,Zhou Liao,Zhentao Zhang,Genhua Zhu,Ming Yang,Zhifu Ai,Qin Zheng,Dan Su

Background Since the pathogenesis of depression is complex, antidepressant therapy remains unsatisfactory. Recent evidence suggests a link between depression and lipid metabolism. Saikosaponin (SS) exhibits antidepression and lipid-regulating effects in modern pharmacology. However, it is unknown whether lipid regulation is the key mechanism of the SS antidepressant effect and how it works. Purpose In this study, we investigated the relationship between the antidepressant activity of SS and the regulation of lipid metabolism and explored potential mechanisms. Methods APOE -/- mice, in combination with the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model, were used to study the relationship between SS antidepressant activity and lipid metabolism through behavioral, electrophysiological techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics. Western blot, primary cell culture technology, and laser speckle cerebral blood flow imaging were employed to elucidate potential mechanisms. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results APOE -/- mice exhibit more severe depressive-like behavior and dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in CUMS. SS alleviates depressive behavior and cortical sphingolipid metabolism disorder caused by CUMS, but has no effect on APOE -/- mice. SS alleviates the imbalance between ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) through acidic sphingomyelinase (AMSase). In addition, SS regulates neuronal glutamate release via sphingolipid metabolism, thereby alleviating the CUMS-induced inhibition of neurovascular coupling (regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor and IP3 receptor), which ameliorates the reduction of cerebral blood flow in depressed mice. Conclusion Our study highlights the role of lipid metabolism in the antidepressant activity of SS and explores its underlying mechanisms. This study provided new insights into the better understanding of the antidepressant mechanisms of phytomedicine while increasing the possibility of lipid metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for depression.

E. hellem Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PP1 targets the DC MAPK pathway and impairs immune functions

Jialing Bao,Yunlin Tang,Yebo Chen,Jiangyan Jin,Xue Wang,Guozhen An,Lu Cao,Huarui Zhang,Gong Cheng,Guoqing Pan,Zeyang Zhou

Microsporidia are difficult to be completely eliminated once infected, and the persistence disrupts host cell functions. Here in this study, we aimed to elucidate the impairing effects and consequences of microsporidia on host DCs. Enterocytozoon hellem, one of the most commonly diagnosed zoonotic microsporidia species, was applied. In vivo models demonstrated that E. hellem-infected mice were more susceptible to further pathogenic challenges, and DCs were identified as the most affected groups of cells. In vitro assays revealed that E. hellem infection impaired DCs’ immune functions, reflected by down-regulated cytokine expressions, lower extent of maturation, phagocytosis ability, and antigen presentations. E. hellem infection also detained DCs’ potencies to prime and stimulate T cells; therefore, host immunities were disrupted. We found that E. hellem Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PP1 directly interacts with host p38α (MAPK14) to manipulate the p38α(MAPK14)/NFAT5 axis of the MAPK pathway. Our study is the first to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the impairing effects of microsporidia on host DCs’ immune functions. The emergence of microsporidiosis may be of great threat to public health.

Multifunctional self-assembled micelles of galactosamine-hyaluronic acid-vitamin E succinate for targeting delivery of norcantharidin to hepatic carcinoma

Shulong Jiang,Mengying Li,Ying Hu,Zhenhai Zhang,Huixia Lv

A polymer of Galactosamine-hyaluronic acid-Vitamin E succinate (Gal-HA-VES) was designed to prepare multifunctional self-assembled micelles for delivery of Norcantharidin (NCTD) to Hepatic carcinoma. NCTD/Gal-HA-VES showed higher cytotoxicity toward CD44-overexpressing MCF-7 cells, MCF-7/Adr cells and ASGP-R overexpressing HepG2 cells, consistent with the enhanced cellular uptake in the selected cell models, indicating Gal-HA-VES micelles were taken up in MCF-7 and HepG2 cells by CD44 and ASGPR receptor mediated endocytosis, respectively. Moreover, the accumulation of Rhodamine 123 demonstrated that Gal-HA-VES has the same action of TPGS as a P -glycoprotein inhibitor blocked drug efflux-related MDR mechanism in resistant MCF-7/Adr cells. The Cell apoptosis assays indicated that NCTD/Gal-HA-VES were more effective in triggering apoptosis, compared with free NCTD or NCTD/HA-VES groups. In vivo study demonstrated that NCTD/Gal-HA-VES group exhibited enhanced tumor targeting and antitumor activity with lower systemic toxicity. Hence NCTD/Gal-HA-VES micelles system can achieve significant tumor targeting and effective treatment of hepatic carcinoma.

Identification and characterization of two sesquiterpene synthase genes involved in volatile-mediated defense in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Guanhua Liu,Mei Yang,Jianyu Fu

Terpenes and their derivatives are vital components of tea aroma. Their constitution and quantity are highly important criteria for the sensory evaluation of teas. Biologically, terpenes are involved in chemical resistance of tea plant against biotic and/or abiotic stresses . The goal of this study is to identify volatile terpenes of tea plants implicated in defense against herbivores and to identify terpene synthase ( TPS ) genes for their biosynthesis . Upon herbivory by tea geometrid ( Ectropis obliqua Prout), tea plants were found to emit two sesquiterpenes, ( E , E )-α-farnesene and ( E )-nerolidol, which were undetectable in intact tea plants. The induced emission of ( E , E )-α-farnesene and ( E )-nerolidol suggests that they function in either direct or indirect defense of tea plants against the tea geometrid. Candidate TPS genes were identified from the transcriptomes of tea plants infested by tea geometrids. Two dedicated sesquiterpene synthases, Cs AFR and Cs NES2, were identified. Cs AFR belongs to the TPS-b clade and can catalyze the formation of ( E , E )-α-farnesene from ( E , E )-FPP. Cs NES2 belongs to the TPS-g clade and can synthesize ( E )-nerolidol using ( E , E )-FPP. The two genes were also both dramatically upregulated by herbivore damage. In summary, we showed that two novel sesquiterpene synthase genes CsAFR and CsNSE2 are inducible by herbivory and responsible for the elevated emission of herbivore-induced ( E , E )-α-farnesene and ( E )-nerolidol, which are implicated in tea plant defense against herbivores.

The qualitative and quantitative assessment of tea quality based on E-nose, E-tongue and E-eye combined with chemometrics

Min Xu,Jun Wang,Luyi Zhu

Electronic nose (E-nose), electronic tongue (E-tongue) and electronic eye (E-eye) combined with chemometrics methods were applied for qualitative identification and quantitative prediction of tea quality. Main chemical components, such as amino acids, catechins, polyphenols and caffeine were measured by traditional methods. Feature-level fusion strategy for the integration of the signals was introduced to integrate the E-nose, E-tongue and E-eye signals, aiming at improving the performances of identification and prediction models. Perfect results with an accuracy of 100% were obtained for qualitative identification of tea quality grades, based on fusion signals by support vector machine and random forest. Quantitative models were established for predicting the contents of the chemical components based on independent electronic signals and fusion signals by partial least squares regression, support vector machine and random forest. Random forest based on the fusion signals achieved the best performance in predicting the concentration of those chemical components.

Sensory-directed flavor analysis of off-flavor compounds in infant formula with deeply hydrolyzed milk protein and their possible sources

Ping Yang,Chen Liu,Huanlu Song,Lijin Wang,Xueqing Wang,Jiacai Hua

Off-flavor compounds in IF-DHMP were identified using sensory-directed analysis. In total, 56 types of aroma-active compounds were identified in the off-flavor (OF) samples, positive control (PC) samples, and accelerated oxidation (AO) samples. The Aroma Extraction Dilution Analysis (AEDA) results showed that methional, generated via Maillard reaction , was the most important component with the highest dilution factor in OF. The results of aroma recombination, omission and spiking experiment revealed that compounds such as pentanal, methional, ( E )-2-nonenal, 3-methylbutanal, ( E )-2-heptenal, nonanal, ( E,E )-2,4-heptadienal, 1-penten-3-one, 1-octen-3-one, and ( E,E )-2,4-nonadienal were the major sources of off-flavor in OF. We observed that the off-flavor in OF samples originated due to proteolysis, Maillard reaction, or lipid oxidation during processing rather than due to lipid oxidation during storage.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Reniochalistatins A–E and a Reniochalistatin E Analogue

Rong Zhou,Yueguang Sun,Hangbin Li,Weili Long,Xiaojian Liao,Pengju Feng,Shihai Xu

Graphical Sponging up SAR data : The marine sponge Reniochalina stalagmitis is the source of a set of cyclic peptides known as reniochalistatins. Herein we report the total synthesis of reniochalistatins A–E, along with evaluations of their anticancer and antitubercular activities. Our results pave the way for further investigations into the structure–activity relationships of this class of cyclic peptide. The total synthesis of reniochalistatins A–E, along with a reniochalistatin E analogue (inverso-E) was successfully achieved through Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent macrolactamization with PyBOP and DIEA. The biological activities of these reniochalistatins and a key linear peptide intermediate were systematically evaluated. Among these seven synthesized compounds, linear reniochalistatin B was found to have potent activity against several cancer cell lines not shown by the cyclic reniochalistatin B counterpart. In addition, linear reniochalistatin B was found to have antitubercular activity (IC 50 =1.4 μ m ). Inverso-E possesses increasing cytotoxicity against the HeLa and LNCaP cell lines after simple alternation of the sequence of amino acids in reniochalistatin E. The results of these studies provide a feasible method to further investigate the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of reniochalistatins A–E.

Lignin-containing nanocellulose from E. ulmoides residues reinforced E. ulmoides gum with enhanced vapor barrier

Hongxin He,Xi Zhuang,Hao Yi,Yifan Liu,Yuancai Lv,Xiaoxia Ye,Liang Song,Chunxiang Lin,Minghua Liu

Eucommia ulmoides residue mainly contains lignocellulose and Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG), the comprehensive utilization of these components could not only help waste disposal but also support the sustainable development. Lignocellulose nanofibrils (E-LCNFs) with varying lignin contents were isolated from the residue waste produced from EUG extraction from Eucommia ulmoides pericarp using p -toluene sulfonic acid hydrolysis. The obtained E-LCNFs were then used as reinforcement to fabricate EUG/E-LCNFs composite films, which were then characterized and the wettability, mechanical and water vapor barrier properties were tested. Meanwhile, effect of lignin content on the performance of the composite films was also discussed. The results showed that limited incorporation of E-LCNFs as well as the presence of lignin greatly improved the water contact angle (WCA), mechanical properties and vapor barrier property of the composite films. Compared with the pure EUG film, the composite film incorporated 4 % E-LCNFs with lignin content of 17.53 % presented WCA of 99.9°, elongation at break of 422.5 % and water vapor permeability (WVP) values of 0.29 × 10 −9 g/m/h/Pa at RH of 75 %. Additionally, strawberry preservation experiments demonstrated that the EUG/E-LCNFs composite films could effectively extend the shelf life by reducing weight loss, enabling it to be a desirable alternative to traditional petroleum-based food packaging materials.

Unraveling the off-flavor compounds and key spice compounds in pork broth and their interaction mechanisms

Shuwei Wang,Tianyu Dong,Ruijia Liu,Jie Sun,Haitao Chen

Pork is one of the meats widely consumed all over the world, while stewing is preferred because it can retain the nutritional content of the meat. After stewing, pork still retains some odors, such as bloody aroma, which affects the flavor quality. Therefore, people often add spices during the stewing process to reduce the off-flavor, but the mechanism of the effect of spices on the off-flavor has not been clarified. This study examined the pork broth before and after the addition of spices and determined the off-flavor compounds ( (E) -2-nonenal, (E) -2-heptenal, acetic acid, and valeric acid) in pork broth and key spice compounds (linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) -anethole) in pork broth with spices. The mechanism of the influence of spices on the off-flavor compounds of pork broth was clarified through the sensory perceptual interaction between off-flavor compounds and key spice compounds. The S-curve method was used to analyze the perceptual interactions between off-flavor compounds and key spice compounds. The results showed that linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) -anethole all had a masking effect on the aroma of off-flavor compounds (S-curve ratios = 1.58, 2.21, and 5.84, respectively), and the inhibitory effect was strongest when the three compounds acted together (S-curve ratio = 42.49).

Allelopathy and Identification of Volatile Components from the Roots and Aerial Parts of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge

Xiu Wang,Yaqi Liu,Na Peng,Haitao Yu,Yu Ma,Mingxin Zhang,Yaoyao Wang,Yi Wang,Weiwei Gao

The volatile compounds produced by plants play an important role in plant growth, plant communication, and resistance to biological and abiotic stresses.Astragalus membranaceusvar.mongholicus(AM) is a perennial herbaceous plant (Leguminosae) that is widely cultivated in northwest China. The bioactive compounds in its root have shown various pharmacological activities. Root rot disease caused byFusariumspp. often occurs inAMplanting with increasing severity in continuous monoculture. It is currently still unclear what are the effects of the volatile compounds produced by freshAMon itself, other crops cultivated on the same field afterAM, pathogen, and rhizobia. In this study, we found that seed germination and seedling growth ofAM, lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.), and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) could be affected if they were in an enclosed space with freshAMtissue. Additionally, 90 volatile compounds were identified by SPME-GC-MS from wholeAMplant during the vegetative growth, 36 of which were specific to aerial parts ofAM(stems and leaves, AMA), 17 to roots (AMR), and 37 were found in both AMA and AMR. To further identify the allelopathic effects of these volatile compounds, five compounds (1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, hexanal, and eugenol) with relatively high content inAMwere tested on three receptor plants and two microorganisms. We found that (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and (E)-2-hexenal showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth ofAMand lettuce. One-hexanol and hexanal suppressed the growth of wheat, while eugenol showed a similar effect on all three plant species. Moreover, the activities of these compounds were dose dependent. Notably, we discovered that (E)-2-hexenal and eugenol also inhibited the growth of the pathogenFusarium solaniby as high as 100%. Meanwhile, all five compounds tested suppressed the rhizobiaSinorhizobium fredii. In summary, this study furthered our understanding of the comprehensive allelopathic effects of the main volatile components ofAM.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of self-assembling curcumin–vitamin E prodrug-nanoparticles by co-nanoprecipitation with vitamin E TPGS

Huiyun Zhang,Baoding Chen,Yuan Zhu,Congyong Sun,Michael Adu-Frimpong,Wenwen Deng,Jiangnan Yu,Ximing Xu

Formation of (E,E)-2,4-decadienal in sugar-smoked chicken thighs via lipidomics, flavoromics, and free radical analysis

Weiming Hua,Qichao Fei,Huan Liu,Jincheng Wu,Jun Qi,Yuting Wang,Yingying Zhang,Dengyong Liu

Sucrose smoke is widely used in smoked chicken production, and lipids, along with free radicals, play a crucial role in the formation of its characteristic flavor. However, the molecular mechanism by which pyrolytic radicals from sucrose convert endogenous lipids into key odorants (such as ( E,E )-2,4-decadienal) remains unknown. This study used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze sugar-smoked chicken thighs and revealed that sucrose pyrolysis increased ( E , E )-2,4-decadienal (key flavor). The phospholipid molecules PE (18,2/20,2), PE (18,2/22,4), PC (18,2/17,1), and PC (18,2/22,2) were significantly negatively correlated with ( E , E )-2,4-decadienal, and they may be key substrates for its formation. Linoleic acid increases for 0–4 min and then decreases after 5 min (maximizing the aldehyde). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals that radicals (especially alkoxy) grow with increasing smoking time and attack linoleic acid to form them. This study elucidates the sucrose pyrolysis mechanism, aiding flavor regulation.