Scientific Reports
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 3.8
Zhu Dancheng,Wu Yifan,Zheng Kai,Xu Hao,Chen Chao,Qiao Jun,Shen Chao
In this study, we deposited Ti 3 C 2 T x -modified, rare-earth-doped PbO 2 on the surface of a carbon fabric via electrodeposition. The surface morphology and electronic structure of the electrode were characterized with SEM, XRD and XPS. The layered Ti 3 C 2 T x did not change the structure of β-PbO 2 , and at the same time, it improved the crystallinity of the material and reduced the grains of PbO 2 . Electrochemical experiments showed that the addition of Ti 3 C 2 T x increased the electrochemical activity of the electrode and produced more H 2 O 2 , which contributed to the degradation of pollutants. The efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation reached 95% after 120 min at pH 3 with a current density of 50 mA/cm 2 . Moreover, the electrode has good cycling performance, and the degradation efficiency was still 80% after 120 min after 10 cycles of recycling. Based on the intermediates identified by HPLC‒MS, a mechanism for SMX degradation was proposed. Our results will provide a new idea for the development of efficient electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 69
·56430-56437
·
IF 3.84
Lu Wang,Yicheng Wu,Yue Zheng,Lidan Liu,Feng Zhao
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an extensively consumed sulfonamide antimicrobial agent and is frequently detected in surface water. This work studied the degradation process of SMX in anodic chamber of microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactors. We found that the biodegradation of SMX could be achieved after acclimation and even high concentrations of SMX (e.g. 200 ppm) could be rapidly degraded. Excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed that the chemical structure of SMX was altered during the process. Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to identify the degradation byproducts of SMX. The activity of electrode biofilm was examined afterwards and it was found that the microbe was in an active state. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested that the microbial community structure was greatly changed during the process; some reported SMX scavengers, such as Achromobacter and Pseudomonas, were abundant in the reactors. Some metazoans were also recognized in the biofilm samples, which indicates that the operation of the MFC reactors was in a steady state. This study discusses the degradation mechanism of SMX and explores the microbial community response during the process, which provides useful information for the application of MFC in antibiotic elimination.
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ACS ES&T Water
·
2026
·
IF 4.5
Zhan Qihong,Rao Zepeng,Xiao Xin,Chen Baoliang
Micronanobubbles
(MNBs) offer enhanced interfacial area and distinct
interfacial physicochemical properties, but the mechanistic role of
interfacial charge in governing ozone-derived reactive oxygen species
(ROS) remains inadequately understood. Herein, the pH-dependent interfacial
charge characteristics of ozone micronanobubbles (O 3 -MNBs)
were systematically examined to elucidate their influence on sulfamethoxazole
(SMX) degradation. O 3 -MNBs increased the apparent degradation
rate by approximately 4-fold relative to macrobubbles, with initial
enhancement driven by facilitated ozone dissolution and subsequent
acceleration governed by interfacial reaction processes. ζ potential
measurements and ROS probe analyses demonstrated that solution pH
modulates MNB interfacial charge, thereby regulating pollutant interfacial
enrichment and shifting ROS dominance. Acidic conditions promoted
hydroxyl radical ( • OH) formation through interfacial
instability, whereas neutral and alkaline conditions favored the generation
of superoxide radicals (O 2 •– )
and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). Quadrupole time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) further confirmed that these distinct
ROS regimes correspond to divergent SMX transformation pathways. The
findings establish interfacial charge regulation as a critical determinant
of reaction selectivity in O 3 -MNB systems and provide mechanistic
guidance for optimizing MNB-assisted ozonation in advanced water treatment.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Zeyun Yang,Zongyan Lu,Hao Guo,Wu Yang
As a broad-spectrum antibacterial sulfonamide antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) is widely used in human disease treatment, veterinary medicine and aquaculture. However, its misemployment and incomplete metabolism pose threats to ecological balance and human health. Due to the fast response speed, low cost and high sensitivity, electrochemical sensing technology has attracted much attention in the field of pollutant detection. This paper designed a novel and simple electrochemical detecting platform for the sensitive determination of SMZ in water samples. A lithium ion-grafted COF (Li-COF) was obtained through a simple cation exchange process between β-ketoamine-linked porous covalent organic framework (TS-COF) synthesized through the condensation reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) and sulfonic-functionalized monomer 2-sulfonic-1,4-benzenediamine (Pa-SO 3 H) and lithium acetate. Highly π-conjugated structure of TS-COF provided excellent electronic conductivity while incorporation of Li + ion into the COF significantly enhanced charge mobility, and improved ionic conductivity, thereby accelerating electron transfer kinetics of SMZ at the sensing interface and enhancing electrochemical response of the analyte molecule. At the same time, presence of Li + and -SO 3 H at the sensing interface further enhanced the specific interaction of the resulting sensor with the target analyte for improved analytical selectivity. As a result, the constructed electrochemical sensor exhibited a good potential to quantify SMZ in tap water and Yellow River water with a wide linear range (0.2 ∼ 180 μM) and a low detection limit (0.015 μM).
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·122905
·
IF 7.5
Wentao Qiu,Hao Shi,Mengyi Tang,Xiaodan Zhang,Haochen Wang,Wei Li,Dihua Wang
The unavoidable release of persistent antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health. Electro-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) represents a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP) for antibiotic removal, but faces challenges due to the high cost, poor stability, and low efficiency of the anode. Herein, an efficient, reusable, economical, and self-supporting LiFeO 2 film encapsulated Fe (Fe@LiFeO 2 ) anode is developed via molten salt anodization. Under the optimized conditions (50 mM SMX, 2 mM PMS, and 10 mA/cm 2 ), the Fe@LiFeO 2 anode facilitates the removal of 97% SMX within 60 min with the assistance of PMS, significantly outperforming the counterparts of only PMS or electro-oxidation systems. The enhanced degradation performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe@LiFeO 2 , current and PMS. It is revealed that the activated PMS (PMS*), direct electron transfer (DET), and oxygen-evolution reactions take place during the degradation process, and the radical species (•OH/SO 4 • - /O 2 • - ) and non-radical ( 1 O 2 /PMS*/DET) together contribute to SMX degradation. Moreover, the electrode maintains high degradation efficiency during continuous tests and can be simply regenerated to the original level even after failure. Besides, owing to the low cost of materials and synthetic routes, the anode shows good economic advantages. This work provides a highly promising anode for the AOPs in the wastewater treatment area.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Guoxiang You,Yuxin Wu,Xinyue Ge,Haoyan Jin,Qidi Liu,Lingzhan Miao,Yi Xu,Jun Hou
ICPB induced early ARGs enrichment but unexpectedly later inhibition. • Cyanobacteria proliferation under continuous light mitigated ARGs dissemination. • Algal carotenoid biosynthesis pathway was activated to scavenge oxidative stress. • Cyanobacterial photosynthesis shifted microbial metabolism toward autotrophy. • Energy-extensive ARGs like efflux pump transporters were notably downregulated. The intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) serves as a promising alternative for rapid, enhanced antibiotics removal, while the concurrent induction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) accumulation has become a critical barrier restricting its further industrial popularization. Here, we tracked ARGs fates in an ICPB reactor treating sulfamethoxazole (SMX) over 30 days, with emphasis on how microbial succession and functional adaptation within algae-bacteria consortia shape ARG dynamics. The ICPB system removed more than 71.7% of SMX within the first 7 days, yet this early-stage performance coincided with increased abundance of sul genes and the overall resistome, likely driven by folate biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses. With prolonged operation to 30 days, total ARGs abundance declined unexpectedly, even though SMX residuals accumulated. This shift was closely associated with sustained illumination that promoted algal proliferation, particularly Cyanobacteria. In parallel, carotenoid production was markedly enhanced through activation of the ε-carotene biosynthesis pathway, which reinforced oxidative stress scavenging and relieved folate-associated selective pressure, thereby mitigating ARGs dissemination. In addition, cyanobacteria-derived photosynthate favored autotrophic metabolism within the bacterial consortium, which reduced the abundance of genes encoding energy-dependent efflux pump transporters and consequently constrained the propagation of energy-intensive ARGs. Collectively, these findings highlight a cyanobacteria-mediated route to attenuate ARGs during prolonged ICPB operation and provide guidance for designing photocatalysis-coupled cyanobacterial biofilms for sustainable wastewater treatment. Download: Download high-res image (170KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Tao Wei,Jialong Yin,Heng Zhang,Mengfan Luo,Jia Zhao,Junwei Liu,Bingkun Huang,Zelin Wu,Hongyu Zhou,Yang Liu,Chuanshu He,Bo Lai
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) stands out as a promising semiconductor catalyst in photocatalysis, mainly due to its low cost and high photocatalytic activity. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 is limited by the fast rate of photogenerated electron-hole recombination. In this paper, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are used to address the issue of electron-hole recombination in TiO 2 . SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that CQDs was successfully loaded onto LM-TiO 2 . Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was selected as a simulated water pollutant under ultraviolet irradiation. Under ultraviolet irradiation, loaded CQDs onto layered mesoporous TiO 2 (CQDs@LM-TiO 2 ) exhibits superior activity in degrading SMX compared with pure LM-TiO 2 . Quenching, EPR and probe experiments showed that the dominant active species of UV/CQDs@LM-TiO 2 /PI system was single oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). The results of electrochemical characterization, FT-IR and XPS show that the CQDs on the surface of LM-TiO 2 is conducive to the transfer of electrons, thus activating PI to produce 1 O 2 and degrading pollutants. The cyclic and coexisting anion influence experiments show that the catalyst has excellent stability, and the UV/CQDs@LM-TiO 2 /PI system is resistant to co-existing substances in water. Owing to their unique electron transport capacity and wide light response interval, CQDs show great application potential in the field of photocatalysis.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2023
·
IF 22.1
Xiaoyue Zhou,Renli Yin,Jieqiong Kang,Zhenjie Li,Yanan Pan,Jieyun Bai,Adela Jing Li,Rongliang Qiu
The formation of high-valent active species during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation has attracted great interest. However, how to rapidly generate high-valent active species during PMS activation process remains ambiguous. Herein, iron vacancy anchored layered double hydroxides activated PMS process were designed to enhance the removal rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by 30.0 times to PMS alone, which even showed much superiority to the homogeneous Fe 2+ /PMS system. Due to the cooperation of Fe vacancies, PMS favored to be adsorbed on Fe2 sites (adjacent to iron vacancy) and combined with Fe2 sites to form Fe(II)-O-SO 3 -OH complex. Then, the accepted electrons led to the cleavage of S-O bond in Fe(II)-O-SO 3 -OH complex, resulting in the spontaneous generation of Fe (IV) =O/Fe (V) =O species. Finally, PMS activation pathways were proposed from radical oxidation to nonradical oxidation via high-valent iron-oxo species. This study provides a new perspective on generation of high-valent iron-oxo species for excellent performance and resistance with real wastewater .
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Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Jiaqi Bu,Hongru Jiang,Tianhao Li,Chengyun Zhou,Shian Zhong
A laboratory-scale electrochemical reaction tank was self-designed for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Coupling electrocatalysis (EC) with personoxysulfate (PMS) and chloride ion (Cl − ), the degradation system of EC + PMS + Cl was established. The degradation efficiency of the EC + PMS + Cl system for SMZ (10 mg/L) reached 100% within 20 min, and the degradation process of SMZ conforms to the first-order kinetics. EC + PMS + Cl system also has good degradation efficiency for other organic pollutants or polysaccharide wastewater (real wastewater) from coriolus versicolor. The electrochemical performance test shows that TiO 2 /RuO 2 –IrO 2 electrode not only has a good chlorine evolution effect but also has good stability. •OH and active chlorine play a major role in the degradation system. Theoretical calculation (DFT) and XPS analyses confirm that the RuO 2 –IrO 2 site as an active center activates PMS and Cl − into active oxygen and active chlorine, and the TiO 2 site as an active center activates molecular oxygen into active oxygen. The results of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) showed that the water quality of SMZ after 20 min of degradation was almost harmless. Therefore, this research work will provide a new vision for the electrocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2023
·
IF 6.8
Kefu Wang,Kangkang Wang,Yaoyao Chen,Siqi Liang,Yi Zhang,Changyan Guo,Wei Wang,Jide Wang
Microplastics (MPs) can enrich pollutants after being released into the environment, and the contaminants-loaded MPs are usually ingested by organisms, resulting in a potential dual biotoxic effect. In this paper, the adsorption behavior of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on Polyamide 6 (PA6) MPs was systematically investigated and simulated by the kinetic and isotherm models. The effect of environmental conditions (pH, salinity) on the adsorption process was studied, and the desorption behavior of SMX-loaded PA6 MPs was focused on simulating the seawater, ultrapure water, gastric and intestinal fluids. We found that lower pH and solubilization of SMX by gastrointestinal components (bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium taurocholate (NaT), and pepsin) can reduce the electrostatic interaction between the surface charge of PA6 MPs and SMX. The result will lead to an increase in the desorption capacity of SMX-loaded PA6 MPs in gastrointestinal fluids and therefore will provide a reasonable mechanism for the desorption of SMX-loaded PA6 MPs in the gastrointestinal fluids. This study will provide a theoretical reference for studying the desorption behavior of SMX-loaded PA6 MPs under gastrointestinal conditions.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 7.336
Yiwen Wang,Guodong Zhu,Dongfang Wang,Manhong Huang,Jianmao Yang,Jianyun Liu
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has potential risk of ecological damage and human health, due to its over-dosage utilization and wanton discharge. It is desirable to develop a highly sensitive sensor for the rapid and accurate determination of SMX to evaluate the environmental risk of antibiotics. Herein, an ultrafine Ag nanoparticles-decorated polyaniline nanowire arrays (AgNPs-PANI-NAs) were successfully formed on the carbon nanofibers (AgNPs-PANI-NAs@CNF) by in-situ one-step redox reaction. The PANI wire length around CNFs and the AgNPs amount were conveniently tuned by adjusting Ag + concentration. The conductivity and electrochemical activity of the AgNPs-PANI-NAs@CNF were significantly improved. With AgNPs-PANI-NAs@CNF as sensing material, the resultant AgNPs-PANI-NAs@CNF modified glassy carbon electrode (AgNPs-PANI-NAs@CNF/GCE) presented a super-high electrochemical response to the oxidation of SMX by strong interaction of SMX with the sensing interface. A wide linear range (1 nM ∼ 10 μM) was achieved with an ultra-low detection limit (80 pM, S/N>3). The chronocoulometry measurement proved that the adsorption capacity of SMX at AgNPs-PANI-NAs@CNF/GCE was significantly enhanced, thus improving the sensitivity of SMX detection. The related reaction mechanism and strong interaction of SMX with AgNPs-PANI-NAs were demonstrated by X-ray photo spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy characterization. This work provides a novel strategy of constructing high-performance sensing materials for pollutants analysis in environmental waters.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2022
·
IF 14.224
Wei Song,Yuxin Zhou,Zhuoyue Wang,Ji Li,Xiaolei Zhang,Caixia Fu,Xing Du,Zhihong Wang,Wenhui Qiu
Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is one of the most effective technologies for organic pollutants removal. In this study, diverse reactive species generation and enhanced sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation were investigated based on persulfate (PDS) activated by Fe 2+ &dithionite (DTN). When involving Fe 2+ &dithionite in PDS, SMX degradation efficiency reached 84 % within 30 min following a pseudo-first-order kinetic, which was higher than those in Fe 2+ /PDS (50.4 %) and Fe 2+ /O 2 /DTN (41.3 %). SO 4 •− and • OH were identified as dominant reactive species with a crucial role of FeSO 3 + based on quenching experiment and electron spin resonance (ESR). The contributions of SO 4 ·− , · OH, and other species to SMX degradation were 60.1 %, 33.9 %, and 6 %, respectively. In Fe 2+ /DTN/PDS system, SMX was effectively degraded under nearly neutral pH (5.0–9.0), with activation energy of 96.04 kJ·mol −1 . The experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrated that three functional groups (benzenesulfonamido, benzene ring, and oxazole ring) were attacked for SMX degradation. Moreover, acute toxicity to Vibrio fischeri has enhanced in the earlier degradation process due to the intermediates and weaken with the continuous reaction. This work not only provides a high-activity SO 4 ·− -AOP for refractory pollutant treatment with possible dual radical generation resources, but elucidated diverse reactive species formation with Fe 2+ &dithionite.
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