KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2019
·Vol. 36
·期 7
·1042-1050
·
IF 2.476
Wang Shuai,Lyu Li,Sima Guobao,Cui Ying,Li Baoxia,Zhang Xueqin,Gan Linhuo
A sulfonated lignin-derived mesoporous carbon (LDMC-SO 3 H) was prepared from kraft lignin (KL) using phenolation and soft-template method followed by sulfonation. LDMC-SO 3 H bearing a sulfonic acid density of 0.65 mmol/g possessed a well-ordered 2D hexagonal mesoporous characteristics with mesopore volume of 0.067 cm 3 /g and specific surface area of 262 m 2 /g as well as mesopore size of 3.42 nm. A high 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) yield of 98.0% with a full fructose conversion was obtained using LDMC-SO 3 H as catalyst under the optimized reaction conditions of reaction temperature and time of 140 °C and 120 min, initial fructose concentration of 100 g/L, catalyst load of 0.1 mg/mg in DMSO. Furthermore, there was no obvious decrease in 5-HMF yield (≥95.0%) within the five-cycle experiment, highlighting the superior reusability and stability of LDMC-SO 3 H in fructose-to-5-HMF transformation.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
Qinhua Wang,Xiaofeng Pan,Changmei Lin,Dezhi Lin,Yonghao Ni,Lihui Chen,Liulian Huang,Shilin Cao,Xiaojuan Ma
Gel-based strain sensors have great potential in the fields of motion detection and real-time healthcare. Nevertheless, the relatively low strain sensitivity and inferior anti-freezing property limit the utilization of these sensors. In this work, a novel multifunctional organohydrogel sensor was developed based on a poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) skeleton with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): sulfonated lignin (PEDOT:SL) as the conductive material and a water/glycerol binary solvent as the dispersion medium. The conductive, self-wrinkled, soft and elastic properties endue the organohydrogel sensor with a superior gauge factor (GF) of up to 7 (strain: 100%), while the freezing tolerance of the water/glycerol solvent endows the organohydrogel with an excellent anti-freezing property. The organohydrogel sensor senses not only the movement of limbs, but also a weak pulse and throat vibrations. Moreover, physiological signals such as those used for electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) can be readily detected. In addition, the cell culture test shows that the organohydrogel is nontoxic, and the animal experiments demonstrate that the organohydrogel can protect skin from frostbite. Overall, this work presents a new concept to use lignin for conductive PEDOT polymerization and integrates the fabrication of conductive organohydrogel materials for precise strain sensing.
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 4.507
Chen Zhu,Jing-Pei Cao,Xiao-Yan Zhao,Tao Xie,Ming Zhao,Xian-Yong Wei
The synergistic catalysis in the catalytic hydrogenolysis (CH) of lignin and its model compounds over a Ni-Ru/AC bimetallic surface was well established. The Ni-Ru/AC exhibits excellent activity and stability for catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin and its model compound. The additions of Ru into supported Ni/AC can not only improve the overall reactants conversion, but also modify the product distribution. The apparent activation energy (E a ) of BPE hydrogenolysis over Ni-Ru/AC is measured approximately to be 18.3 kJ/mol. This value is considerably lower than the values measured for monometallic Ni/AC (42.4 kJ/mol). Additionally, the turnover frequency (TOF) of Ni-Ru/AC (62.7 h −1 ) was much higher than that of Ni/AC (5.1 h −1 ). In case of CH of lignin, Ni-Ru/AC gave better total liquid yield and higher relative content of main aromatic monomers . The enhancement in the overall hydrogenolysis activity of reactants over bimetallic Ni-Ru/AC is related to the synergistic effect of Ni and Ru. Various characterization methods (XRD, XPS , TEM-EDS, SEM-EDX and BET) are performed to elucidate the formation of synergistic effect. This synergistic effect could originate from the generation of additional surface active sites, small size of metal particles and high dispersion of metal particles.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2019
·
IF 6.97
Ying Wu,Yong Qian,Hongming Lou,Dongjie Yang,Xueqing Qiu
Lignin nanospheres with broad-spectrum UV adsorption and excellent antioxidant properties were obtained by demethoxylation of alkali lignin (AL) and grafting the benzophenone moiety (UV-0) followed by a reverse self-assembly. The critical wavelength (λc) of the optimal AL-UV03 sample was ∼375 nm, while the UVA/UVB ratio reached 0.84. When it was applied as a unique active in sun cream, the sun protection factor value of the cream containing 10 wt % AL-UV03 was 22.81, which could further increase to 56.14 when it formed reverse colloidal spheres (LRCS) with a size of ∼130 nm. The self-assembly process and the UV-absorbing enhancement mechanism of LRCS were monitored and revealed by fluorescence, UV, and light scattering analysis. In addition, AL-UV03 exhibited superior photostability due to the three-dimensional network structure of lignin. The antioxidant activities of AL-UV03 and LRCS were better than that of AL and could increase continuously with the dosage. Both AL-UV03 and LRCS exhibited good biocompatibility. HaCaT cell activity remained 72–78% when their concentration was as high as 1.0 mg/mL. The novel lignin broad-spectrum UV blocker and antioxidant show good potential in skincare products and polymeric materials.
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.956
Lele Jin,Wenzhi Li,Qiying Liu,Jindong Wang,Yuanshuai Zhu,Zhenhang Xu,Xiangqian Wei,Qi Zhang
A catalytic routine was developed for kraft lignin depolymerization in dioxane-water systems, in which the catalyst HTaMoO 6 with strong Bronsted acidity and a hydrogenation catalyst (Rh/C) were employed simultaneously. The performance of the composite catalysts was tested in a series of experiments with various reaction temperatures, reaction time and catalyst ratios. Under the optimized conditions, a higher petroleum ether soluble fraction yield of 58.7% was obtained at 320 °C for 24 h. Besides, a higher liquid product yield of 95.6% was achieved at 290 °C for 2 h. Specially, the main compositions of the petroleum ether soluble fraction are monomers and dimers, which can be used as liquid fuel. These results demonstrated that the composite catalyst HTaMoO 6 -Rh/C can effectively catalyze the depolymerization of the kraft lignin into small molecule liquid fuel components.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2018
·
IF 3.141
Jue Yu,Lan Li,Yong Qian,Hongming Lou,Dongjie Yang,Xueqing Qiu
Lignosulfonate (LS), one type of industrial lignin and natural macromolecular sun blocker, was applied to modify TiO2 via one-pot hydrothermal esterification. The reaction mechanism and composite structure of LS@TiO2 were investigated by DLS, TEM, AFM, TG, UV, FTIR, XPS, XRD, ESR, and contact angle measurements. The results show that the esterification modification occurred between the carboxyl groups of lignin and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of TiO2. Lignosulfonate of 3.4 wt % with a thickness of 13 nm effectively coated the normal TiO2, and the LS@TiO2 composites were nanoscale with an average size of 119 nm. Hydroxylated TiO2 particles were more reactive, and the contents of LS on TiO2 were processed by 0.1 and 1 M HCl and increased to 5.0 wt % (LS@TiO2-0.1M) and 6.0 wt % (LS@TiO2-1M), respectively. Chemically coated LS not only improved the dispersibility of TiO2 in the substrates, but also significantly boosted its UV-blocking ability. Therefore, TiO2@LS nanocomposites were applied as the sole active in the pure cream and the sunscreen performance was compared with that of TiO2. The sun protection factor (SPF) values of creams containing 5, 10, and 20 wt % LS@TiO2 were 16, 26, and 48, respectively. They were 30–60% higher than those of the creams containing the same amount of TiO2. The sunscreen performance of LS@TiO2 improved with LS content. The SPF value of pure cream containing 10 wt % LS@TiO2-1M reached 50+. The possible UV-blocking enhancement mechanism of LS@TiO2 was also revealed. Preparation of LS@TiO2 nanocomposites provides a facile and green way for value-added utilization of lignin biomass and highly efficient UV-blocking of nano-TiO2 materials.
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ACS Applied Bio Materials
·
2018
·
IF 0
Xueqing Qiu,Ying Li,Yong Qian,Jingyu Wang,Shiping Zhu
Requirements for safe, stable, and long-acting sunscreens are successfully accomplished by natural lignin due to its broad-spectrum ultraviolet (UV)-blocking and synergistic properties. Chemical sunscreens are encapsulated in enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) by a one-step high-intensity ultrasound method. Chemical sunscreen/EHL microcapsules were formed with 3 min processing, and the product could be stored without leaking for more than a whole year. Adding H2O2 increased the cross-linking degree of EHL on the surface of the capsules. When 5 wt % alkyl polyglucoside (APG) was added as surfactant, the size of capsules dramatically decreased to ∼100 nm and the ratio of EHL and chemical sunscreen reached 1:1, which significantly enhanced UV-blocking ability of the composites. Compared to the creams containing chemical sunscreen/EHL microcapsules and free chemical sunscreen, the sun protection factor (SPF) of the cream containing the same amount of chemical sunscreen/EHL nanocapsules increased 85% and 195%, respectively. The cream containing 10 wt % of UVA and UVB type chemical sunscreen coencapsulated nanocapsules gave SPF 408. Due to antiphotolysis protection of EHL, the SPF of the creams increased initially and was maintained for more than 8 h under UV radiation. There was no obvious leaking or permeation of chemical sunscreens from the capsules. The EHL-based capsules showed good biocompatibility.
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PubMed
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2018
·
IF 5.158
Xuliang Lin,Linjun Wu,Siqi Huang,Yanlin Qin,Xueqing Qiu,Hongming Lou
The origin, amount, hydrophilicity, charge, molecular weight and its distribution of lignin have significant influences on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose was essentially enhanced by lignin-based polyoxyethylene ether (EHL-PEG), whereafter followed by PEG4600 and lignosulfonate (LS). The effect of LS, EHL-PEG and PEG4600 on the adsorption and enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics of cellulase on the gold surface and cellulose film was investigated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Results showed that the interaction of LS or EHL-PEG with cellulase was electrostatic attractive and hydrophobic effect, respectively, and formed hydrophilic cellulase aggregates. LS-Cellulase peeled off the cellulose film layer by layer, while the hydrophobic phenylpropane structure of EHL-PEG-Cellulase acted as a cellulose binding domain to hydrolysis cellulose through “Hollow” effect and made cellulose become more loose and swollen. At last, a strategy to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by lignin-based amphiphilic polymers was proposed as well.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.609
Yuemei Chen,Guoxiong Zhang,Jingyuan Zhang,Haibo Guo,Xin Feng,Yigang Chen
Porous carbon spheres (PCS) derived from lignin have been prepared through a facile method and fabricated as electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors. Spherical shaped mixtures of lignosulfonate and crystalized KOH are formed by spray drying of a solution of lignosulfonate and KOH. Activation by KOH is performed at high temperatures along with lignosulfonate carbonization. With an appropriate pore structure , the obtained PCS have a specific surface area of 1372.87 m 2 g −1 and show a capacitance of 340 F g −1 in 3 M KOH at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 . Moreover, a symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the PCS as electrodes show a maximum capacitance of 68.5 F g −1 , and an energy density of 9.7 W h kg −1 at a power density of 250 W kg −1 . The capacity retention is more than 94.5% after 5000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. The excellent characteristics seem to be ascribed to the pore structures of PCS that have a large specific surface area and a low electrical resistance.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2014
·Vol. 17
·期 3
·1710-1717
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IF 6.852
Meng-Yuan Chen,Yao-Bing Huang,Huan Pang,Xin-Xin Liu,Yao Fu
Phenolic compounds derived from lignin are important feedstocks for the sustainable production of alkane fuels with C6–C9 carbons. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is the main chemical process to remove oxygen-containing functionalities. Here, we have reported the HDO of phenols in a biphasic H2O/n-dodecane system. A series of supported Ru catalysts were prepared, characterized and explored for the reaction among which Ru/CNT showed the highest catalytic activity towards the production of alkanes. The model reaction with eugenol achieved a high conversion (>99%) and a high alkane selectivity (98%), which was much higher than the results from the monophasic system (56.5% yield of alkanes in H2O). The reaction conditions including reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure and the ratio of H2O/n-C12H26 were optimized. The kinetic experiments revealed that eugenol was first hydrogenated to 4-propyl-guaiacol, and then deoxygenated into 4-propyl-cyclohexanol which was the main detected intermediate of the reaction. After that, 4-propyl-cyclohexanol was dehydrated and hydrogenated into propylcyclohexane. Moreover, various phenols and dimeric lignin model compounds were also successfully converted into alkanes in the biphasic systems. The construction of the biphasic solvent-Ru/CNT catalyst system highlights an efficient route for the conversion of lignin-derived phenolic compounds to biofuels.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2016
·Vol. 133
·期 20
·
IF 1.866
Abbas Hasan Faris,Afidah Abdul Rahim,Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim,Adel Mustafa Alkurdi,Irfan Shah
In this study, a green adhesive from renewable lignin and tannin was developed with polyethylenimine (PEI) with a method to improve the water resistance of the lignin/tannin adhesive. Lignin polyols were prepared through the liquefaction of oil-palm empty fruit bunches. The characteristics of the adhesive samples were compared with those of a commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin. Three plywood specimens bonded with the new adhesive showed a very high tensile strength (63.04 MPa) and were very water resistant. The effect of the solid content of the adhesives on the tensile strength and gel time and various weight ratios of PEI on the tensile strength and water resistance of the plywood specimens were evaluated. Thermal stability tests revealed that the lignin polyol–tannin/PEI adhesives had a high heat resistance (360 °C). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43437.
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Catalysts
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 2
·19
·
IF 2.964
Guozhu Liu,Yunxia Zhao,Jinhua Guo
High selectively catalytic conversion of lignin-based phenols (m-cresol,p-cresol, and guaiacol) intopara-/m-xylene was performed over Pt/HZSM-5 through hydrodeoxygenation andin situmethylation with methanol. It is found that thep-/m-xylene selectivity is uniformly higher than 21%, and even increase up to 33.5% form-cresol (with phenols/methanol molar ratio of 1/8). The improvedp-/m-xylene selectivity in presence of methanol is attributed to the combined reaction pathways: methylation ofm-cresol into xylenols followed by HDO intop-/m-xylene, and HDO ofm-cresol into toluene followed by methylation intop-/m-xylene. Comparison of the product distribution over a series of catalysts indicates that both metals and supporters have distinct effect on thep-/m-xylene selectivity.Keywords:m-cresol;hydrodeoxygenation;methanol;p-/m-xylene;methylation
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