Hepatology International
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Lim Daniel Yan Zheng,Leow Wei Qiang,Allende Daniela S.,Seto Wai Kay,Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung,Goh George Boon Bee
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is one of the most common liver diseases, but thus far only two drugs (resmetirom and semaglutide) have received conditional approval for use. Successful MASH trials are thus highly desired to fill the therapeutic and evidence gap. Concurrently, AI has powered advances in multiple areas of medicine. We consider in this review the potential applications of AI to enhance MASH trials. Methods We conduct a narrative review of AI uses in MASH, with a focus on current and potential applications in MASH trials. Results We describe current digital pathology and AI technologies for MASH grading, a mature application where specific models have been qualified by the FDA and EMA for endpoint determination in MASH trials. We also cover the use of contemporary AI risk models to facilitate patient enrollment, and large language models to facilitate patient interactions including recruitment and retention. Finally, we consider lessons from innovative uses of AI in other medical domains, and how current guidelines shape our thinking about the use of AI in MASH trials.
Conclusion AI has made inroads into the world of MASH trials and shows high potential to further enhance their safety, efficacy, and scientific validity.
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Communications Biology
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 1
·1289
·
IF 5.8
Cao Long,Ma Tianfeng,Cao Hui,Bi Xiao,Cai Zeyu,Huang Yuan,Wang Ruimin,Zhang Hongpeng,Guo Wei
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Although medial degeneration is a key pathological feature of aortic dissection, the mechanisms that drive aortic wall instability remain incompletely understood. Aortic calcification is a pathological mineralization process that can alter vascular structure and function, but its role in aortic dissection has received limited attention. Here we show that tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase associated calcium phosphate microdeposition is linked to aortic medial degeneration and dissection susceptibility. Human aortic dissection tissues and diseased mouse aortas show increased mineralization together with elevated tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity. Calcium phosphate deposits promote vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and inflammatory remodeling, while tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase facilitates mineral deposition under permissive conditions. Reducing tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity or expression attenuates aortic calcium phosphate deposition, medial degeneration and dissection in mice. These findings identify tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase associated microdeposition as a mechanism contributing to aortic wall vulnerability.
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PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
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2026
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IF 4.1
Wang Shiyuan,Wei Junqiang,Wang Guohua,Chen Dawei,Zhao Ming,Hu Haiyang
Objective To overcome the limitations of oxaliplatin (OXA) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy—including glutathione (GSH)-induced resistance, poor lipophilicity, low cellular uptake, and significant off-target toxicity. Methods Based on the “like dissolves like” concept, two amphiphilic tetravalent oxaliplatin (OXA(IV)) prodrugs modified with double long alkyl chains were synthesized. Through formulation screening and optimization, liposomes loaded with OXA(IV) prodrugs containing octane (OXA(IV)-C8LIP) and dodecane (OXA(IV)-C12LIP) alkyl chains were effectively prepared using microfluidic technology, achieving good encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. Results Compared with free OXA, the liposomal formulations exhibited higher cellular uptake, improved cytotoxicity against TNBC cells, and dramatically enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In vivo , they substantially extended plasma half-life, demonstrated excellent antitumor efficacy, and showed low systemic toxicity. According to the well-established mechanism of Pt(IV) prodrugs, the reductive activation of these compounds is expected to deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH) and elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially contributing to the reversal of drug resistance and enhanced cytotoxicity. Conclusion These OXA(IV) liposomes represent a promising nanomedicine for TNBC therapy. Moreover, the simple prodrug encapsulation strategy may be extended to other antitumor drugs with poor stability and short half-life. Graphical
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Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
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2026
·
IF 15.5
Yan Yingjuan,Xia Weimin,Wang Yinghui,Ren Haixuan,Xia Wei,Li Jing,Wang Xusheng,Zhang Zhicheng
Flexible piezoelectric sensors hold immense promise for wearable bioelectronics. Nevertheless, the inherently high polarization energy barrier of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) increases the energy requirements of the polarization process and limits further improvements in polarization efficiency and device performance. Herein, a cation-regulated interfacial polarization enhancement strategy via filled inorganic fluorides (AlF 3 , BaF 2 , CaF 2 , and MgF 2 , respectively) with unique fluoroaffinity effect, is proposed to fundamentally boost the piezoelectric and electromechanical performance of P(VDF-TrFE). First-principal calculations and spectroscopic analyses reveal a synergistic dual-interfacial network comprising - C - H···F hydrogen bonds and cation-driven ion-dipole interactions. Notably, the high-valence Al 3+ maximizes interfacial charge transfer, establishing a robust built-in electric field in the P(VDF-TrFE)/AlF 3 composites. This significantly lowers the conformational transition barrier, driving a massive electroactive β -phase transition (~ 89.0%) and facilitating ferroelectric domain switching with a substantially reduced coercive field. Consequently, the optimized AlF 3 -filled film delivers an outstanding piezoelectric strain coefficient (| d ₃₃|≈ 37.5 pC/N) in quasi-static mode, and achieves an exceptionally durable peak power density of 85 µW cm − 2 in as-assembled flexible sensor. This enables continuous self-powered kinematic monitoring, accurately capturing the multi-scale range of motion in human joints, thereby providing an atomic-level design paradigm for next-generation digital medical rehabilitation. Graphical abstract
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Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis
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2026
·
IF 2.1
Liu Chunxiao,Cai Baoli,Yin Wang,Huang Zhixian
In this study, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EBAC) was synthesized via the transesterification between ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EB) and butyl acetate (BAC) with Amberlyst 15 resin adopted as the catalyst. The influences of ether-ester molar ratio (1:1–1:4), reaction temperature (333.15–373.15 K) and catalyst dosage (2–10 wt%) on the reaction were investigated through experiments. On the basis of kinetic experimental data, the pseudo-homogeneous (P–H) model and Langmuir–Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model were constructed and compared. The LHHW model delivered superior fitting performance, with the maximum root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) reaching 0.0118. Fixed-bed reactor simulation was carried out by means of COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the simulation outcomes were verified against experimental results. The average errors of molar fractions for EB and EBAC at the reactor outlet were 0.0331 and 0.0224, which verifies the reliability of the kinetic model. Meanwhile, combined with relevant experiments and characterization results, it is confirmed that the selected catalyst possesses excellent structural stability and recycling potential. On this foundation, a conceptual-design scheme for the continuous reaction-separation process was put forward to separate the azeotrope composed of BAC and n -butanol (BUOH) generated in the transesterification reaction. This research provides new insights and a theoretical foundation for the exploitation of transesterification-based processes for EBAC manufacture.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
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2026
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IF 4.1
Xu Zhiyue,Tian Yunlong,Wang Kejian,Chen Peng,Dang Yize,Zhang Chengzhuang,Hu Cong,Fang Jia
Pr-doped CeO 2 catalysts are investigated for low-temperature soot oxidation under controlled thermogravimetric conditions. A series of Ce 1−y Pr y O x mixed oxides ( y = 0.1–0.5) are synthesized using a hydrothermal precipitation method. The effects of Pr incorporation and soot-to-catalyst mass ratio on soot oxidation are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that Pr incorporation improves soot oxidation activity compared with pure CeO 2 . Among the investigated catalysts, Ce 0.9 Pr 0.1 O x with a nominal Pr/(Pr+Ce) ratio of 0.1 exhibits the highest catalytic activity, with the lowest peak combustion temperature and the highest maximum reaction rate. Further optimization of the soot-to-catalyst mass ratio shows that a ratio of 1:3 provides the best oxidation performance, with a peak combustion temperature of 432.7 °C and a maximum reaction rate of 41.6%min −1 . XRD results reveal changes in lattice parameters and crystallite size after Pr incorporation into CeO 2 , while SEM analysis shows variations in particle morphology and aggregation behavior. XPS analysis indicates changes in the relative proportion of surface Ce 3+ species among different catalysts. These results suggest that Pr incorporation modifies the structural and surface properties of CeO 2 , which may contribute to enhanced soot oxidation activity under laboratory-scale TGA conditions.
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BIODEGRADATION
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 5
·151
·
IF 4.2
Du Xinyue,Liu Hongyan,Aikemu Abudumukeyiti,Xu Qianqian,Cao Xiaoyu,Lin Kun,Yan Hai
Excessive alcohol intake triggers a series of systemic health hazards through the accumulation of acetaldehyde, a major carcinogen that poses a severe threat to human health. Here, a promising probiotic bacterial strain capable of biodegrading both ethanol and acetaldehyde was successfully isolated from healthy human feces and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YDL-01. In vitro assays demonstrated that an initial concentration of 5.0 g/L of ethanol or acetaldehyde could be completely biodegraded within 72 h or 16 h, respectively, by whole cells or cell-free extracts (CEs) of YDL-01, indicating that YDL-01 possesses a strong capacity for the biodegradation of both compounds. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the key genes responsible for alcohol metabolism in YDL-01, elucidating a complete catabolic pathway: ethanol is initially converted to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1), and acetaldehyde is further transformed into acetic acid via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.10). In vitro safety assessments confirmed that YDL-01 exhibits no hemolytic activity and lacks amino acid decarboxylase activities, preliminarily verifying its biosafety, which is critical for the development of functional foods or biotherapeutic products for ethanol and acetaldehyde detoxification. Graphical abstract
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PubMed
高影响因子
Cancer Cell International
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2026
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IF 7
Siyi Liu,Lin Liang,Zihua Zhou,Chenyu Zhang,Shan Liao,Qian He,Yan Lei,Juan Xu,Gengqiu Luo,Yanling Li,Yanhong Zhou
As a cell surface glycoprotein, CD90 plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of malignancies such as gastric cancer (GC) by influencing tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. However, its specific role in immune evasion in GC and its potential therapeutic value have not been fully explored. In this study, we report that CD90 is highly expressed in GC tissues and is positively correlated with macrophage immune infiltration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD90 can mediate immune evasion in GC by affecting the phagocytic function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Mechanistically, CD90 functions as a scaffold protein, inhibiting the interaction between IGF2BP2 and TRIM21. This inhibition stabilizes the expression of the m6A methylation reader protein IGF2BP2. Subsequently, IGF2BP2 enhances the mRNA stability of the immune checkpoint molecule CD47 in an m6A-dependent manner, leading to the activation of the CD47/SIRPα axis. Ultimately, by inhibiting the phagocytic function of TAMs, CD90 mediates immune evasion in GC. In summary, our work highlights the critical role of the CD90-IGF2BP2-CD47 axis in immune evasion in GC. This finding is expected to provide significant experimental evidence for elucidating the pathogenesis of GC and discovering potential molecular targets for clinical treatment.
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PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 4.1
Yang Chan,Yan Zihan,Qin Yanru,Wei Ying,He Ziyi,Mo Liuting,Lin Weiying
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a critical enzyme in the base excision repair pathway, is a potential biomarker for numerous cancer types. Traditional APE1 activity detection methods are hindered by complex protocols, expensive labeling requirements, and vulnerability to environmental factors. Herein, we develop a label-free ratiometric fluorescent biosensor (TCHG) that integrates APE1-mediated catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification with split G-quadruplex/malachite green (MG)–mediated aggregation-induced emission (AIE) signaling for sensitive activity analysis of APE1. Our system operates through APE1’s specific cleavage of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-containing double-stranded substrates, which releases trigger strands that initiate a CHA cascade. This cascade drives the assembly of split G-quadruplex structures. Upon reconstruction, the complete G-quadruplex binds MG, generating amplified near-infrared fluorescence with AIE characteristics. Simultaneously, Hoechst 33258 (HOE) embedded within double-stranded DNA provides a stable reference signal, enabling self-calibrated ratiometric output that effectively minimizes signal fluctuations from instrumental and environmental variations. The TCHG biosensor demonstrates high selectivity for APE1 with a detection limit of 2.4 × 10 –3 U/mL. Importantly, it maintains reliable analytical performance in complex biological matrices, including fetal bovine serum and various cell lysates, successfully differentiating endogenous APE1 activity between normal and cancer cells. The TCHG system offers a tool for APE1 activity analysis in biological samples, with potential applications in biomedical research. Graphical abstract
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CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
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2026
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IF 13.6
Zhou Chen,Bai Dongsheng,Zhao Jiawei,Yin HongJie,Du Jiaying,Gu Chunyang,Wang Yuxiang,Lin Binyan,Lu Na,Zhao Yue
The cGAS-STING signaling serves as a central hub for innate immunity by orchestrating type I interferon production and inflammatory cascades in response to cytosolic DNA. A critical rate-limiting step in this pathway involves STING exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a process initiated by COPII-mediated trafficking that requires ER membrane curvature formation. However, the molecular mechanism that drives this process is poorly understood. In this study, we identify VMP1, an ER-resident transmembrane protein, as a negative regulator that constrains STING ER exit and downstream signaling activation. VMP1 controlled ER PtdIns(3)P accumulation, which was essential for ER membrane curvature formation. Depletion of Vmp1 triggered CDIPT-dependent PtdIns(3)P synthesis through a non-canonical pathway independent of VPS34 stability and MTMR3 expression. Furthermore, VMP1-mediated macroautophagy degraded Rab10 GTPase, thereby suppressing CDIPT recruitment to the ER membrane. Myeloid-specific Vmp1 knockout mice exhibited augmented antiviral defense against DNA virus infection but displayed unaltered susceptibility to RNA virus infection. These results suggest that VMP1 controls STING trafficking by modulating the Rab10-CDIPT axis to restrict ER PtdIns(3)P accumulation and limit ER membrane curvature formation required for COPII vesicle biogenesis.
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高影响因子
Nature Photonics
·
2026
·
IF 38.1
Yang Hao,Wang Yu,Li Hongshi,Wu Yuqiang,Li Saisai,Han Xue,Wang Di,Ding Zijin,Han Yijia,Zheng Qiao,Chen Letian,Du Zhuowei,Alshahrani Thamraa,Chen Cong,Wang Xiao-Ye,Jiang Yuanzhi,Yuan Mingjian
Scalable, conformal nickel oxide (NiO x ) is essential for uniform charge extraction in large-area inverted perovskite modules, yet traditional deposition comes with a trade-off between structural coverage and surface reactivity. Here we report a coordination-regulated strategy based on chemical bath deposition that resolves this bottleneck by governing the NiO x crystallization kinetics. By leveraging the high thermodynamic stability of Ni 2+ –potassium tartrate (Pta) complexes, we suppress disorderly aggregation and halve the hydrolysis rate constant to 0.124 l mol −1 min −1 . This precise kinetic control yields dense and conformal films with refined 4.8-nm nanocrystallites. This nanostructural refinement maximizes the surface density of hydroxyl groups, providing robust anchoring sites where self-assembled monolayers can form a chemically cohesive and defect-suppressed buried interface. Our Pta-NiO x strategy delivers inverted devices with a champion power conversion efficiency of 27.40% (certified reverse-scan power conversion efficiency of 27.35%) and module efficiencies of 23.42% (17.7 cm 2 ) and 21.97% (81.5 cm 2 ). Small-area devices retained 90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 2,656 h, and 17.7 cm 2 mini-modules retained over 90% after 1,200 h under the ISOS-L-1I protocol.
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高影响因子
POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2026
·Vol. 83
·期 11
·637
·
IF 4.2
Ba Wenyan,Che Mingda,Cui Mei,Su Rongxin,Huang Renliang
The conversion of fungal biomass into functional biopolymer materials offers a promising route for renewable material fabrication and sustainable waste valorization. Aspergillus niger (A. niger) mycelium is rich in chitin and glucan, yet its conversion into fibrous chitin-based nanomaterials remains insufficiently connected to biomass processing, nanofiber structure, and final material performance. Here, a scalable strategy is proposed for preparing partially deacetylated chitin–glucan complex nanofibers (CGCNFs) from A. niger . Specifically, A. niger was cultured in PD medium containing 12 g/L potato extract and 60 g/L glucose for 96 h. Subsequent treatments, including alkaline processing, deacetylation, and high-pressure homogenization, yielded CGCNFs with an average diameter of 9.86 ± 1.86 nm and an aspect ratio of 25. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed process achieved approximately 15–48% increase in CGCNFs yield and a 75–81% reduction in raw material costs, demonstrating markedly higher efficiency and economic feasibility. Characterization by FTIR, XRD and solid-state 13 C NMR confirmed enhanced surface functionalization of the CGCNFs. Moreover, the CGCNFs exhibited strong antibacterial activity, inhibiting more than 99% of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Notably, CGCNFs/PVA films displayed a tensile modulus of 4.2 GPa, representing a 162.5% increase relative to neat PVA films. This work provides a sustainable strategy for biomass conversion, renewable polysaccharide material fabrication, and the development of functional biopolymer films for food related applications.
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