Chinese Medicine
·
2026
·Vol. 21
·期 1
·130
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IF 7.4
Wang Nan,Chang Yukun,Cheng Yue,Zhao Jing,Li Chao,Sun Lu,Feng Liang,Yang Yanjun,Jia Xiaobin
Background Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granules (XECQ) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pediatric wind-heat colds. However, its multi-step manufacturing process results in substantial inter-batch variability, posing a challenge for consistent quality control. Guided by the Quality by Design (QbD) concept, this study developed an integrated framework that combines process analysis, parameter optimization, and intelligent monitoring to improve batch-to-batch consistency and ensure medication safety. Methods Within the QbD framework, HPLC-based multi-component quantification, chromatographic fingerprinting, and physical fingerprinting were employed to monitor quality across the entire manufacturing process, including extraction, concentration, alcohol precipitation, and decoction collection. Eleven active constituents were quantitatively characterized, and their relationships with key physicochemical properties were analyzed. The retention rates of terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylethanoid glycosides were defined as critical quality attributes (CQAs). Critical process parameters were screened using a Plackett–Burman design, and the design space for the alcohol precipitation process was established through Box–Behnken response surface methodology. In addition, a machine vision system was developed for rapid, non-destructive evaluation of particle appearance. Results Alcohol precipitation resulted in the greatest loss among the 11 monitored components, with an average reduction of 23.6%, whereas maackiain-7-O-glucoside exhibited a marked decrease of 38.1% during the concentration stage. After alcohol precipitation, the concentration factors of flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and terpenoids were 1.56, 1.53, and 1.50, respectively, suggesting a negative correlation between retention rate and compound polarity. Component redistribution during processing significantly reduced the relative standard deviation (RSD) of viscosity, indicating improved system homogeneity and a reversal of component–property correlations. Using these representative components as CQAs, robust regression models (Adj R 2 > 0.85) were established to define a design space that maximized CQA retention while minimizing batch-to-batch variability. Furthermore, the machine vision system achieved 100% accuracy in both identification and abnormal batch rejection. Conclusion This study proposes a holistic “Process Analysis-Parameter Optimization-Intelligent Monitoring” strategy, providing a robust framework for enhancing the quality control of XECQ and facilitating the transition of TCM manufacturing from empirically driven practices to data-driven processes. Graphical
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PLANT AND SOIL
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2026
·
IF 4.8
Ren Shunhui,Zhang Zhenyu,Hu Bijie,Zhang Yanqin,Li Ting,Yang Xiaosi,Dong Yan
Background and aims Trace element contamination, like cadmium (Cd), threatens agriculture and health. This study assessed Cd stress effects on photosynthesis in faba bean and evaluated mitigation using intercropping with wheat and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs). Methods Five treatment groups were established: faba bean monoculture without Cd addition (M), monoculture with Cd addition (M + Cd), monoculture with both Cd and CaO NPs (M + Cd + CaO NPs), wheat-faba bean intercropping with Cd addition (I + Cd), and intercropping with both Cd and CaO NPs (I + Cd + CaO NPs). Results Compared with M, the M + Cd treatment significantly suppressed faba bean growth by 34.1–102.9%, decreased the mineral nutrient content by 90.0–142.7%, reduced the photosynthetic pigments by 136.5–207.1%, lowered the photosynthetic rate by 60.0–198.5%, diminished the electron transfer efficiency by 19.8–117.8%, and decreased the photosynthetically assimilated substances by 70.8–123.2%. Severe damage to chloroplast structure was also observed. Compared with the M + Cd treatment, the I + Cd + CaO NPs treatment significantly alleviated these inhibitory effects. It restored damaged chloroplast structures, increased photosynthetic pigment content by 76.0–144.0%, enhanced photosynthetic rates by 14.5–71.1%, improved electron transport efficiency by 14.5–71.1%, and reduced Cd accumulation in stems and roots by 66.1–131.9%. Conclusion The integration of intercropping and CaO NPs application enhanced photosynthetic performance and plant growth in faba bean, thereby reducing the toxic impact of Cd stress. Graphical
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 15
Yong-Bo Liu,Jing-Tian Zhang,Jun-Nan Hu,Shen Ren,De-Yang Huo,Ling-Jie Song,Wei Li
Atherosclerosis is a complex pathology driven by chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and thrombosis, necessitating multi-pathway therapeutic strategies. Herein, we engineered an oral multi-stage platform (RALM) comprising aspirin (Asp) and ginsenoside Rg3 co-loaded phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes (RA-Lipo) encapsulated within sodium alginate microspheres. Physicochemical and biological evaluations revealed that the incorporation of Rg3 into the lipid bilayer as a cholesterol substitute yielded uniform RA-Lipo, which exhibited colloidal stability, intestinal epithelial transport, and prolonged systemic circulation. The electrosprayed alginate matrix functioned as a pH-responsive barrier, preventing premature degradation in the gastric environment and enabling the sustained release of RA-Lipo within the intestinal tract. Following oral administration in HFD-induced ApoE -/- mice, integrated 16 S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics revealed that RALM reshaped HFD-induced dysbiosis and modulated the metabolic profile, characterized by an increased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes (B/F) ratio along with decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and elevated arginine levels. Fluorescence tracking experiment further demonstrated that the liberated RA-Lipo accumulated within aortic plaques. At the cellular level, RA-Lipo activated the PPARγ pathway, thereby enhancing cholesterol efflux and inhibiting foam cell formation. Ultimately, this synergistic regulation translated into remarkable therapeutic efficacy, effectively reducing plaque burden, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and demonstrating superior anticoagulant activity. Supported by a favorable safety evaluation, this RALM platform offers a comprehensive approach for alleviating atherosclerosis progression.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2026
·Vol. 37
·期 13
·1001
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IF 3.2
Chen Huyue,Wang Jingrong,Lu Tengfei,Xu Deming,Xu Haiping,Yang Dandan,Chen Lifei
TiO 2 was deposited on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by the sol–gel method to construct core–shell structured MXene@TiO 2 fillers, which were then introduced into the PVDF matrix to prepare dielectric composite films. The effects of TiO 2 deposition ratio and filler loading on the dielectric properties of the composites were systematically investigated, and the thermal and mechanical properties of the optimized system were further evaluated. The results showed that the TiO 2 coating layer could construct an effective interfacial insulating structure, which enhanced interfacial polarization while suppressing carrier migration and the formation of leakage pathways, thereby enabling the synergistic regulation of dielectric constant and dielectric loss. When the TiO 2 deposition mass ratio reached 50%, the composites showed a more effective overall interfacial modulation effect. Under these conditions, the 15 wt% composite delivered the optimal overall dielectric performance, with a dielectric constant of 29.1 and a dielectric loss as low as 0.051, representing a significant reduction compared with that of the unmodified MXene/PVDF composite (0.59), and it also exhibited superior dielectric stability. At the same time, the thermal stability and mechanical performance of the composites were also enhanced. The study confirms that building a TiO 2 interfacial insulating layer is an effective approach to enhancing the dielectric performance of PVDF-based composites while realizing the coordinated optimization of multiple properties.
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WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
·Vol. 42
·期 6
·265
·
IF 4.7
Ling Ruijing,Hou Shuting,Mao Xiangzhao,Secundo Francesco,Zhou Wei,Xi Meiyi,Xiao Yang,Gao Bei
Zeaxanthin is an oxygenated carotenoid with established physiological functions in ocular health and antioxidant protection. Currently, industrial zeaxanthin production relies primarily on plant extraction and chemical synthesis, which is costly and poses a significant environmental burden. Microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative, where the gene dosage of key enzymes critically influences biosynthetic performance. However, optimizing copy number remains challenging for pathways requiring tandem insertion of introduced genes into limited genomic loci. Accordingly, this study developed a genetic system rNTS, which targets the r ibosomal n on- t ranscribed s pacer region for one-step, high-copy integration of multiple genes and direct assessment of gene dosage effects. F luorescence I ntensity R atio s (FIRs) served as indicators for the direct and quantitative estimation of gene copy number and the selection of optimal dosage. An individual rNTSi ( integration ) vector integrated up to 40 single-gene copies, while parallel rNTSi vectors enabled multi-gene strains totaling 20 copies with independent visual selection. Following marker removal with rNTSr ( removal ) vector via the Cre/LoxP system, selection markers were efficiently reused for iterative integrations to achieve 32 copies. Applying rNTS to zeaxanthin biosynthesis rapidly identified the optimal dosage of the rate-limiting enzyme CrtZ, yielding titers of 1.10 g/L under glucose fermentation and 1.19 g/L under methanol-induced fermentation. Owing to its high efficiency, multi-gene copy number readability, and iterative integration capacity, the rNTS strategy offers an additional solution for quantitative gene-dosage assessment and microbial biosynthetic pathway optimization. Graphical abstract The rNTS system enables one-step, multi-copy integration anditerative assembly of synthetic genes, allowing rapid optimization ofgene dosage in microbial cell factories. This facilitates efficientutilization of renewable carbon sources and enhances cellular catalyticcapacity, demonstrating a universal strategy for pathway optimizationand metabolic biology. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
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2026
·Vol. 132
·期 5
·426
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IF 3
Yuan Liu,Tianqi Wang,Chunming Song,Yan Cui
Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs) exhibit significant application potential in the fields of temperature sensing and self-regulating heating for electronic devices. Leveraging their unique Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) effect, these materials can effectively serve as overheat protection mechanisms. However, conventional CPCs are predominantly based on rigid, highly crystalline matrices. This characteristic not only restricts their application in flexible electronics but also results in relatively high Curie temperatures that fail to meet the requirements for precise thermal control at room temperature. To address these limitations, this study prepares and investigates a novel flexible, room-temperature polymeric PTC material. The material was prepared by blending graphite powder (GP) with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/polystyrene (PS), with PS acting as a support material to provide flexibility. In addition, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristics and mechanical properties of the materials were experimentally investigated. The results show that the prepared composites have good PTC properties and flexibility. The flexibility of the new PTC material is optimal when the graphite powder content is 17% and the mass ratio of EVA/PS is 3:2. At the same time, changing the filler particle size can greatly affect the room temperature thermal conductivity and PTC strength of the material.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·350
·
IF 38.5
Chen Xue-Lu,Liu Yu-Yang,Biswas Sudip,Yang Yi,Shi Yi,Liu Chun-Gen,Xia Xing-Hua
Site-specific underpotential deposition strategy enables precise spatial control over atomic-level active sites, enriching adjacent Pt sites while tuning oxidation states
Adjacent-site proximity dominates hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, with adjacent Pt sites deliver a 41-fold higher mass activity than isolated Pt sites.
Pt–H–Pt bridge intermediate at adjacent sites lowers the H–H coupling barrier and accelerates HER kinetics.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2026
·Vol. 37
·期 11
·839
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IF 3.2
Wang Suting,Meng Xiangbin,Zhang Bowen,Cheng Fei,Xing Kunpeng,Bala Hari
The electron transport layer (ETL) is critical in hole-transport-layer-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although ZnO as an ETL exhibits high electron mobility and suitable energy levels, its high surface defect density often leads to interfacial recombination losses. In this study, PbCl 2 was incorporated into the ZnO ETL to passivate interfacial defects and optimize the energy level alignment. PSCs with a structure of FTO/PbCl 2 –ZnO/CsPbBr 3 /Carbon were fabricated. The resulting carbon-based CsPbBr 3 solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.0%, representing a 40% improvement over devices based on the pristine ZnO ETL. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices retained 95% of their initial PCE after 60 days of storage under ambient conditions.
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Nature Communications
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2026
·
IF 18.1
Jiang Ziang,Luo Shunrui,Wang Pengfei,Peng Jiali,Hao Ming,Chu Fulu,Lei Jie,Ferreira Paulo,Wu Feixiang
Iron trifluoride demonstrates poor performance as a multi-electron conversion positive electrode in conventional ester-based electrolytes, yet exhibits higher capacity retention in ether-based electrolytes. This contrast has long remained unresolved in high-energy-density metal fluoride-lithium batteries. Here, we show that the electrolyte-dependent behavior originates from interfacial anion competition within the cathode-electrolyte interphase. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses reveal that anions derived from lithium salts preferentially interact with iron species, governing interfacial conversion pathways and phase evolution. In ether-based electrolytes, lithium sulfide and lithium oxide react with iron to form electrochemically active iron sulfide species, sustaining reversible cycling. In contrast, lithium carbonate formed in ester-based electrolytes leads to inert carbonate-rich iron species, resulting in surface passivation and capacity decay. With prolonged cycling, iron trifluoride gradually evolves into thermodynamically stable iron-based phases, highlighting that interfacial anion chemistry dictates long-term phase evolution and degradation pathways of iron-based fluoride conversion electrodes.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·3791
·
IF 18.1
Yang Yuchun,Zhang He,Herbold Craig W.,Huang Yiming,Wang Ru,Liu Jinye,Zhang Dandan,Ou Jingmin,Zheng Fangyuan,Mao Chengzhi,Huang Jie,Yu Yuhe,He Jianguo,He Zhili,Yan Qingyun
Freshwater lakes are globally significant sources of potent greenhouse gases (GHGs), but how their GHGs emissions respond to changing nutrient levels remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nitrous oxide (N 2 O) production pathways in lake sediments are tightly linked to trophic state, whereas methane (CH 4 ) production appears to be multifactorial Through global metagenomics and controlled batch experiments. In eutrophic sediments, N 2 O is efficiently removed through complete denitrification, with nitrification serving as the main production pathway, whereas oligotrophic sediments produce N 2 O primarily via incomplete denitrification. By simulating nutrient transitions using an innovative cross-inoculation experiment, we further revealed that lake sediments systematically shift between these N 2 O production pathways as their trophic state changes, from denitrification-driven to nitrification-dominated during eutrophication, with the inverse pattern during oligotrophication. Consequently, N 2 O emissions can be effectively mitigated by inhibiting nitrification in eutrophic lakes and restricting incomplete denitrification in oligotrophic ones. Our findings establish trophic status as a key driver of N 2 O production sources in lake sediments.
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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2026
·
IF 3.6
Zhang Jianhui,Liang Jiaxin,Wang Qun,Yip Tszho,Lyu Qinghua,Wang Ling
Grape seed extract (GSE) is a polyphenol-rich dietary ingredient, and its compositional complexity poses challenges for precise product quality assessment. At present, GSE quality control mainly relies on spectrophotometric assays that measure bulk indices, such as total polyphenols and total procyanidins. However, these methods cannot readily distinguish low-oligomeric procyanidins from highly polymerized components due to the lack of structural resolution. To enable more specific characterization of key constituents, this study developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV) method for the simultaneous quantification of five phenolic markers: gallic acid (GA), (+)-catechin (C), procyanidin B2 (PCB2), (−)-epicatechin (EC), and procyanidin C1 (PCC1). Using this method, we systematically compared 14 industrial raw materials from different manufacturers and five commercial dietary supplements. The results showed that, among industrial raw materials with label-declared total procyanidins ≥ 95%, the measured concentrations of the target oligomeric markers differed markedly across samples. Analysis of commercial finished products further showed that substantial between-product differences in key components remained evident even after label-context normalization. These findings indicate that chromatographic quantification of structurally specific markers, used as a complement to conventional total-content indices, would provide more detailed compositional information and thereby serve as a valuable supplementary analytical approach for routine quality control of GSE and related products.
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Frontiers of Materials Science
·
2026
·Vol. 20
·期 2
·260766
·
IF 2.3
Zhou Tao,Song Liying,Ding Hongmeng,Wang Jing,Sui Lina,Song Na,Yu Liyan,Wei Qingli,Dong Lifeng
Lead is a highly toxic and persistent heavy metal that poses serious risks to human health. The detection of lead ions in water is therefore essential not only for balancing economic and environmental priorities, improving public services, and ensuring agricultural safety, but also for preventing lead poisoning, promoting health equity, and safeguarding international trade in the context of global health. Conventional detection methods are often limited by expensive instrumentation and complex procedures, whereas surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its high sensitivity and operational simplicity. In this study, we developed an ultrasensitive SERS-based method for the Pb 2+ detection using L-cysteine-functionalized bismuth nanoparticles as probes. L-cysteine binds Pb 2+ through its −COOH and −NH 2 groups, inducing nanoparticle aggregations and generating Raman hotspots that enhance the signal of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). Additionally, an electrodeposited bismuth substrate further amplifies the SERS response. This method achieves a detection limit as low as 0.005 nmol·L −1 (1.04 · 10 −3 µg·L −1 ), demonstrating 2–5 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity compared to conventional lead ion detection techniques.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）