APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2025
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IF 21.1
Jianrong Shan,Bowen Yang,Yaqiong Su,Gunhean Chong,Luqman Chuah Abdullah,Xinhua Qi,Haixin Guo
Isomerization of glucose to fructose is a key step in achieving high value conversion of biomass. Lignin nanosphere (LN) showing hollow structure were successfully prepared using lignin oligomers as carbon precursors and self-assembly method. On this basis, Mg and Al were doped into lignin nanospheres by electrostatic and coordination interactions to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst (Mg x Al y /LN) with the coexistence of Brønsted base and Lewis acid. In this catalytic system, the synergistic effect of Al(OH) 3 and MgO as the active center of the catalyst promoted the formation of intermediates for the isomerization of glucose to fructose. DFT analysis show that Al(OH) 3 plays a greater role than MgO in promoting the isomerization of acyclic glucose to form fructose. When the Mg/Al ratio of 2:1, the yield of Mg 2 Al 1 /LN catalyzed isomerization of glucose to fructose under microwave irradiation can reach as high as 57.2 %, which could be reused for 5 times and still remain its initial activity. The activation energy was about 39.8 kJ/mol, which was lower than that of most heterogenous catalytic systems, showing good catalytic performance and potential for application.
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PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2025
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IF 7.8
Huirong Zhang,Yi Shen,Jinglei Cui,Baofeng Wang,Yanxia Guo,Dongke Zhang,Fangqin Cheng
s Lignin-derived carbonaceous materials have emerged as promising candidates for heavy metal remediation owing to their low cost, tunable surface chemistry, and hierarchical porosity. In this study, a FeCl 3 –urea co-activation strategy was employed to synthesize N-doped hierarchical porous carbons (N-HPCs) from lignin for efficient Cr (VI) removal. The synthesis parameters were systematically optimized using a machine learning (ML) workflow, with experimental data serving as the training set. Gradient boosting regression (GBR) achieved high predictive accuracy (R 2 = 0.86), and SHAP-based feature importance analysis identified pyridinic-N (N-5) content as the dominant factor governing Cr (VI) adsorption, attributed to its redox-active nature. Under optimal conditions (FeCl 3 :lignin:urea = 3:1:0.5), the resulting N-HPC exhibited a high specific surface area (2297.5 m 2 /g), elevated N-5 content (67.08%), and a maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacity of 627.1 mg/g. Mechanistic studies revealed that reduction–complexation, primarily facilitated by N-5 sites, accounted for up to 87.7% of Cr (VI) removal. The ML-driven inverse design strategy further predicted that precise control of N-5 levels could yield N-HPCs with adsorption capacities exceeding 650 mg/g. This work demonstrates the synergy of ML-guided optimization and mechanistic insight, providing a robust framework for the rational design and accelerated development of sustainable, high-performance adsorbents for heavy metal remediation.
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AICHE JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 4
Haichao Zhou,Jianglin Liu,Dalang Chen,Yanlin Qin,Tiejun Wang,Xueqing Qiu,Xuliang Lin
The electrochemical conversion of glycerol into dihydroxyacetone (DHA) under mild conditions efficiently addresses glycerol surplus, enhancing its economic value. However, DHA production efficiency remains constrained by steric hindrance from secondary hydroxyl groups and sluggish glycerol electro-oxidation reaction (GOR) kinetics in weakly alkaline conditions. Herein, lignin-derived carbon-supported MnO–Ni heterojunction catalyst (MnO–Ni/C) is synthesized via self-assembly precipitation and in situ pyrolysis. The optimized MnO–Ni/C catalyst requires a low potential of 1.58 V to achieve 10 mA cm −2 , 270 mV lower than the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It attains a 53.37% DHA selectivity with a high production rate of 864.75 mmol m −2 h −1 at 1.8 V. MnO–Ni/C heterostructures modulate the local electronic structure of Ni sites, optimizing glycerol adsorption configuration and enhancing selective adsorption of secondary hydroxyl groups and oxygen active species near the electrode surface. These synergistic effects significantly improve GOR kinetics and DHA production efficiency.
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RSC Advances
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 45
·38294-38306
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IF 4.6
Siqi Ren,Dongfang Fan,Qian Zhang,Yunhong Jiao,Jianzhong Xu,Jixing Xie
Lignin, a natural macromolecule rich in aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups, holds significant promise in environmentally friendly applications. In this study, a lignin-based flame retardant (lignin–diethylenetriamine–phytic acid, P2N-lig) was synthesized through a Mannich reaction between alkali lignin and diethylenetriamine to introduce nitrogen, followed by phosphorylation with phytic acid to incorporate phosphorus. When P2N-lig were added into PLA composites (T-PLA) which were toughened by TPU and MMT, the T-PLA/P2N-lig composites demonstrated enhanced physicochemical and flame-retardant properties. The 9 wt% T-PLA/P2N-lig formulation exhibited acceptable mechanical performance alongside significantly improved thermal stability and fire resistance, achieving a 39.27% reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR), a 22.88% decrease in total heat release (THR), and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Further evaluation of 3D-printed specimens revealed that the 6 wt% P2N-lig formulation achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) >24%, a UL-94 V-2 classification, and minimal mechanical degradation, demonstrating suitability for 3D printing applications.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2025
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IF 9.1
Dandan Zhou,Zhiheng Zhang,Shiyu Zhang,Di Meng,Qiulu Chu,Jing Wang,Shufang Wu,Jinguang Hu
The recalcitrance of softwood towards enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the major bottlenecks hindering its profitable use as feedstock for lignocellulosic biorefinery. This study presents double in-situ lignin modification in an acid-alkaline combinational pretreatment. Results indicated that complete delignification was not essential to achieve theoretical hydrolysis of cellulose. Alternatively, partial lignin removal accompanied by selective modification of the lignin gave rise to significantly inproved ease of enzymatic hydrolysis. Several analyses, including (GPC, 31 P NMR, 2D HSQC NMR, QCM and DLS) were performed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the double in-situ lignin modification in enhancing ease of cellulose hydrolysis. Moreover, detaching behavior of lignin during enzymatic hydrolysis was also elucidated, which provided new insights into understanding the role lignin repolymerization inhibitors and combinational pretreatments played in improving enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Dongmei An,Zhongjian Tian,Xingxiang Ji,Shan Liu,Jian Zhang
The green deconstruction and high-efficiency value addition of lignocellulosic biomass continue to be research hotspots in biomass refining. In this study, the autocatalytic hydrothermal pretreatment (AHTP) process was applied to reduce the biological recalcitrance of Eucalyptus wood. A statistical model was developed via the Levenberg-Marquardt method in least squares to predict lignin dissolution during AHTP of Eucalyptus wood. It shows excellent prediction performance and goodness of fit (R² = 0.9817, F = 377.0577 > Fα), thereby facilitating the simulation calculations and online control of the dissolved substances in the hydrolysate. Furthermore, the study examined the alterations in the solid microstructure during the AHTP, as well as the generation rules of the primary dissolved components and inhibitors. The optimal reaction condition for the pretreatment was determined to be 165°C for 90 min. In this condition, hemicellulose degradation products were significantly enriched and dissolved in the prehydrolysate, with the hemicellulose solubilization efficiency reaching 49.95 %. Meanwhile, the effect of AHTP on the hydrolysis efficiency of xylanase was investigated. The saccharification efficiency of the raw material hydrolyzed by xylanase after pretreatment was enhanced up to 40.96 % compared with untreated wood chips. This result indicated that AHTP substantially enhances the bioaccessibility of ensuing enzymatic process by overcoming the anti-degradation barrier of lignocellulose. The model system constructed in this study has the capacity to elucidate the migration and transformation mechanism of key components, and moreover, to provide a new strategy for the targeted regulation of the lignocellulosic biorefinery process.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2025
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IF 9.1
Meishan Fan,Bingying Ni,Ziyong Cheng,Jun Xie,Yong Chen
The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates efficient pretreatments to valorize both carbohydrates and lignin. Despite alcohols being green alternatives for lignin extraction, the molecular mechanisms driving lignin solubilization and its impact on enzyme accessibility remain poorly understood. Here, we comparatively investigated ethanol (monohydric), ethylene glycol (diol), and glycerol (polyol) for wheat straw fractionation, integrating experimental analysis (2D HSQC NMR, enzymatic hydrolysis) with quantum calculations (DFT, molecular dynamics). Ethylene glycol exhibited superior lignin removal (50 %) and holocellulose conversion (72.86 %), attributed to (1) non-covalent interactions (sumδg = 3.668 vs. <2.75 for ethanol/glycerol) enhancing lignin solubility; (2) α-etherification preserving β-O-4 linkages (50.93 per 100Ar vs. 41.32–43.81 in others); and (3) suppressing cellulase non-productive binding (44.5 % free enzyme retention). NaOH-catalyzed ethylene glycol further elevated glucose yield to 85.09 %, outperforming acid systems. This work decouples solvent hydroxyl density from lignin functionality, proposing ethylene glycol as a process-compatible solvent for integrated biorefineries to advance carbon-neutral bio-economies.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Jun Zhu,Yumeng Gao,Maoxu Zhang,Kang Shen,Jian Chen,Can Jin,Guomin Wu,Guifeng Liu
Developing sustainable, non-toxic and high-performance polyurethane foams from renewable feedstocks remains a critical challenge in green materials chemistry. In this work, lignin-derived epoxy resins (LEPs) were efficiently converted into lignin-based cyclic carbonates (LCCs) via catalytic CO 2 cycloaddition. Subsequent water-assisted curing of LCCs with Jeffamine T-403 yielded self-blown LNIPU foams, eliminating the need for toxic isocyanates or auxiliary blowing agents. To address the intrinsic hydrophilicity and enhance the overall performance, mercaptopropyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS–SH) was incorporated via thiol–cyclic carbonate S-alkylation to construct LNIPU/POSS hybrid networks. Comprehensive structural and property analyses revealed that POSS incorporation significantly improved water resistance, thermal insulation and mechanical performance. At an optimal POSS loading of 5.40 wt%, the LNIPU/POSS foams exhibited a compressive strength of 4.21 MPa (340 % enhancement), a specific compressive strength of 13.12 kN·m/kg and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0406 W·m −1 ·K −1 . Moreover, the dynamic covalent structure endowed the foams with excellent recyclability and robust dual-/triple-shape memory behavior, with reprocessed samples retaining over 87.5 % of their original tensile strength after two hot-pressing cycles. This work presents a green, efficient and scalable strategy for valorizing lignin and CO 2 into high-value foam materials, offering a promising route toward the sustainable production of advanced bio-based polyurethane materials.
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Cell Reports
·
2025
·Vol. 44
·期 12
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IF 6.9
Yan Zhuang,Jiahe Zhao,Liang Xiao,Xin Liu,Lei Li
The seed coat, a multi-layered protective structure containing lignin, is critical for the survival and germination of seeds. How seed coat lignin is spatiotemporally deposited and, thus, its physiological role remain poorly understood. We identified the LAC3/5/12/13 clade in Arabidopsis as seed plant-conserved and seed coat-expressed laccases responsible for synthesizing seed coat lignin. We showed in Arabidopsis that loss of LAC3/5/12/13 function drastically reduces lignin deposition in the outer integument upon seed maturation and impairs seed coat barrier function. In the lac3/5/12/13 seeds with a highly permeable coat, phase separation of the intrinsic water potential sensor FLOE1 was significantly promoted, seed water imbibition was increased, and germination was accelerated under both normal and osmotic stress conditions. These findings highlight the importance of LAC3/5/12/13-mediated lignin deposition in the seed coat in controlling embryonic development and the potential for enhancing seed performance through LACCASE genetic engineering.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2025
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IF 6.3
Tang Xiaojing,Shakeel Zeb,Hao Li,Abdul Haleem,Zhong Hua
The removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater is a pressing environmental challenge due to its high toxicity and strong mobility in aquatic systems. To address this issue, we engineered a three-dimensional porous biomonolith via redox cryopolymerization, leveraging the abundant functional groups and structural advantages of covalently crosslinked lignin and chitosan for efficient chromium adsorption. Remarkably, the developed biomonolith exhibited a high chromium adsorption capacity of 232.2 mg/g at pH 2, reaching 63.6% of equilibrium uptake within the first 30 min and achieving full equilibrium in 90 min. This enhanced performance stems from the synergistic effects of the material’s macroporous structure, which facilitates rapid chromium diffusion, and its multifunctional surface chemistry, featuring amine, amide, sulfonic, and oxygen-containing groups. These functional groups promote chromium adsorption through electrostatic interactions and partial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The positively charged Cr(III) further strengthens electrostatic interactions with lignin’s oxygen-containing groups, enhancing adsorption. The chromium adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.972) and the Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.93), indicating chemisorption and surface complexation as the dominant mechanisms. The developed biomonolith exhibits enhanced selectivity, improved shelf stability, and excellent reusability for chromium adsorption. This lignin-based biomonolith presents a promising solution for Cr(VI) removal, offering significant potential for environmental applications and advancing research in sustainable wastewater treatment.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
·
IF 8.5
Hao Tong,Yehan Tao,Jinwen Hu,Jian Du,Jie Lu,Bin Li,Chenglong Fu,Zhenglei Jia,Haisong Wang
The efficient pretreatment of biomass to achieve high-value utilization is a critical challenge in advancing bioenergy applications. This study presents a synergistic pretreatment method using sodium sulfite and ethanolamine to enhance the conversion efficiency of reed biomass. This approach facilitates the direct utilization of lignin while significantly improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose fibers. At optimal pretreatment conditions (20 % sodium sulfite and 25 % ethanolamine; 170 °C; 40 min), the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated reed achieved an efficiency of 81.68 % and a glucose yield of 77.52 %. Compared to single-agent pretreatment, the synergistic pretreatment with sodium sulfite and ethanolamine increased the reed lignin removal rate by 46.86 % and 60 %, respectively. Ethanolamine functions as a surfactant, enhancing the penetration of sodium sulfite and promoting lignin sulfonation, thereby improving biomass accessibility. This study demonstrates that the synergistic pretreatment method not only streamlines lignin separation but also significantly improves enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, offering a promising pathway for advancing renewable bioenergy production and energy-efficient biomass utilization.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9.7
Junran Xu,Pengcheng Xue,Rong Guo,Guangfu Qian,Changzhou Chen,Douyong Min,Minsheng Lu
Currently, packaging films made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) often suffer from issues such as poor water resistance, weak mechanical properties, and limited functionality. Herein, lignin, a renewable and abundant biomass constituent, was utilized as a dual-role agent, serving as both reductant and stabilizer, to synthesize core-shell lignin‑silver nanoparticles (AgLNPs) within deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems. The influence of various DES formulations on the physicochemical properties of AgLNPs was systematically studied, leading to the selection of particles exhibiting enhanced compatibility with PVA for composite films fabrication. Results indicate that alkaline DES systems enable the synthesis of AgLNPs with smaller particle sizes and improved uniformity. The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of the PVA composite films are significantly enhanced due to the unique catechol groups and the distinctive micro-nano rough surface formed during film formation. Notably, the composite exhibited a tensile strength of 37.9 MPa, an increased static water contact angle of 104.2 o , alongside enhanced thermal stability, UV-blocking capacity, and antimicrobial efficacy. This approach offers a promising avenue for advancing PVA film performance and valorizing lignin in sustainable materials engineering.
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