Materials Research Express
·
2015
·Vol. 2
·期 12
·125901
·
IF 0
Na Wu,Qun Luo,Xvsheng Qiao,Chang-Qi Ma
Recently, spectra conversion has been used to minimize energy loss in photovoltaic devices. In this work, we explore the development of a novel Eu3+-doped ZnO bi-functional layer for use in organic solar cells. The bi-functional layer acts as both a spectra conversion and an electron transporting layer. Compared to conventional spectra conversion layers, it has a simpler device structure, is easier to fabricate, and has a wider spectrum-sensitized region. A series of Eu3+-doped ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized using the simple solution route. X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible absorbance spectra were used to characterize the obtained ZnO nanocrystals. The results reveal that the size and bandgap of ZnO nanocrystals can be controlled through regulation of the doping concentration of Eu3+ ions. The energy transfer of ZnO → Eu3+ is observed by photoluminescence (PL) spectra. At a bandgap excitation of around 300–400 nm, a typical emission band from the Eu3+ is obtained. By employing the Eu3+- doped ZnO nanocrystals as a buffer layer in a P3HT:PC61BM bulk heterojunction device, the obtained performance is similar to the undoped ZnO device, indicating that the electrical properties of ZnO are not affected by Eu3+ doping. Due to the down-conversion energy transfer between ZnO and Eu3+, the external quantum efficiency of the ZnO:Eu3+ device at 300–400 nm is higher than that of the pure ZnO device, which subsequently leads to an increase in short circuit current density (JSC). This work proves that it is possible to improve the solar spectrum response in the ultraviolet region of organic solar cells effectively by incorporating the bi-functional layer.
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APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
·
2014
·Vol. 118
·期 3
·989-996
·
IF 1.694
Cai Bin,Zhou Yu,Zhao Minggang,Cai Hui,Ye Zhizhen,Wang Lei,Huang Jingyun
In this work, ZnO–CuO composite porous spheres with core–shell structure were successfully synthesized through a controllable simple top-down route to take advantage of the excellent features of ZnO and CuO. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared products were characterized, and a possible growth mechanism was proposed. The obtained sample with a core surrounded by a porous shell has a large surface area. As CuO can well catalyze glucose in alkaline solution, together with the good electron transfer property of ZnO and the hetero-junction formed between them, non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on ZnO–CuO composite porous spheres show good performance with a wide linear range of 0.02–4.86 mM, a high sensitivity of 1,217.4 μA cm −2 mM −1 , and a low detection limit of 1.677 μM, indicating a good detection behavior of glucose.
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高影响因子
CRYSTENGCOMM
·
2017
·Vol. 19
·期 17
·2288-2293
·
IF 3.474
Jinpeng Lv,Yuan Liu
Clarifying the origin of green photoluminescence and the room temperature ferromagnetism in ZnO is crucial for its potential application. In this work, we show that the characteristic 368 nm donor-bound exciton and the g = 1.96 electron spin resonance (ESR) signal in ZnO nanocrystals were eliminated after H2O2 oxidation, along with the appearance of 550 nm photoluminescence, unambiguously evidencing the creation of acceptor defects. Meanwhile, the d0 ferromagnetism was significantly enhanced. In combination with the fact that ambient O2 exposure also resulted in a significant boost of ferromagnetism in ZnO particles with different grain sizes, we surmise that adsorbed oxygen facilitates the d0 ferromagnetism in ZnO while VZn causes the 550 nm green emission. This work illustrates that oxygen exposure is an efficient way to tune the physics in metal oxides through engineering defects.
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ChemElectroChem
·
2017
·Vol. 4
·期 9
·2359-2365
·
IF 4.136
Chengwei Zhang,Zheng Zhang,Fuxing Yin,Yongguang Zhang,Almagul Mentbayeva,Moulay-Rachid Babaa,Anara Molkenova,Zhumabay Bakenov
Graphical Picking holes in carbon : A ZnO/3DOMC composite was prepared by deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on 3DOMC (three dimensionally ordered macroporous carbon). The material exhibited ordered macropores and mesopores and demonstrated high specific capacity and stable cycling performance as an anode for Li-ion batteries. A one-step template-based technique for the fabrication of three dimensionally ordered macroporous carbon (3DOMC) was developed. 3DOMC, prepared using silica crystal as a template and soluble resol as a carbon source, possesses ordered macropores with mesoporous walls. ZnO nanoparticles were deposited on as-prepared 3DOMC via a simple in situ growth process to form a ZnO/3DOMC anode material for lithium-ion batteries. In the composite, the ZnO nanoparticles (≈3.9 nm) were well-dispersed on the walls of 3DOMC. The ZnO/3DOMC anode exhibited an enhanced performance in a lithium battery delivering a specific capacity of 673 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.1 C (0.1 C=97.8 mA g −1 ) after 300 cycles. This superior performance was ascribed to the ordered interconnected macropores of 3DOMC which could provide rapid diffusion paths for lithium-ion diffusion and the electrolyte penetration, and buffer the volume changes of the ZnO nanoparticles upon cycling. Furthermore, the mesoporous structure of the 3DOMC walls could enhance the wettability of the ZnO-based electrode, further improving its electrochemical performance.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 8.4
Yuting Liu,Yinyu Chen,Huiying Ding,Jingchuan Xue,Yang Yang,Xianhui Li
Achieving the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) while selectively rejecting divalent cations like Ca 2 ⁺ and Mg 2 ⁺ without compromising water productivity and recovery remains a challenge for existing commercial nanofiltration (NF) membranes used in drinking water treatment. These challenges stem from the limited pore size and insufficient negatively charged surface density of conventional NF membrane. This study employed a polydopamine-coated nanofibrous membrane, uniformly embedded with in-situ grown ZnO nanoparticles, as a porous support layer. In the interfacial polymerization process, the fabricated substrate regulated the diffusion of aqueous monomers, thereby optimizing the polyamide layer on composite NF membrane with thinner thickness, stronger surface density, crumple structure and appropriate pore size. This resulting membrane demonstrated excellent PPCP rejection while maintaining high permeability to essential minerals. Under optimal conditions, the designed membrane achieved an impressive water flux at about 21 L m⁻ 2 h⁻ 1 bar⁻ 1 and showed significant selectivity for PPCP and divalent cation, with diclofenac sodium rejection exceeding 90 % and Ca 2 ⁺ rejection of below 20 %. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles enlarged the active filtration surface and created additional water pathways, resulting in a water permeation rate that was double that of a pristine NF membrane, without compromising PPCP/divalent cation selectivity. This work provides valuable insights and important correlations for developing NF membranes aimed at enhancing water production while preserving selectivity for PPCP/divalent cation.
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高影响因子
Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 3
·649
·
IF 3.1
Wei Lin,Chang Yu,Chang Sun,Baokai Wang,Mengyang Niu,Mengyi Li,Weiwei Xuan,Qi Wang
With the miniaturization and high integration of electronic devices, high-performance thermally conductive composites have received increasing attention. The construction of hierarchical structures is an effective strategy to reduce interfacial thermal resistance and enhance composite thermal conductivity. In this study, by decorating carbon fibers (CF) with needle-like ZnO nanowires, hierarchical hybrid fillers (CF@ZnO) were rationally designed and synthesized using the hydrothermal method, which was further used to construct oriented aligned filler networks via the simple freeze-casting process. Subsequently, epoxy (EP)-based composites were prepared using the vacuum impregnation method. Compared with the pure CF, the CF@ZnO hybrid fillers led to a significant increase in thermal conductivity, which was mainly due to the fact that the ZnO nanowires could act as bridging links between CF to increase more thermally conductive pathways, which in turn reduced interfacial thermal resistance. In addition, the introduction of CF@ZnO fillers was also beneficial in improving the thermal stability of the EP-based composites, which was favorable for practical thermal management applications.
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PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Mei Ma,Jia-qi Bai,Huangfei Liu,Ben Liu,Zhangkai Qian,Suiqin Li,Jingshuai Chen,Mengdie Cai,Song Sun
The preparation of methyl-substituted amines by direct N-methylation of amines with CO2/H2 is an important reaction for CO2 utilization and organic synthesis. However, the design and construction of effective and stable non-noble-metal catalysts for this reaction remain challenging. Here, a cheap non-noble-Cu-based catalyst was prepared and applied in the direct N-methylation reaction of N-methylaniline with CO2 and H2. 5%Cu-ZnO(3.75%)/TiO2 showed 98.8% yield with an initial TOF of 7.7 h–1 after 24 h under 453 K, 1.5 MPa CO2, and 4.5 MPa H2, which was superior to 5%Cu/TiO2, 5%Cu/ZnO, and reported Cu-based catalysts. Furthermore, 5%Cu-ZnO(3.75%)/TiO2 can be reused at least four times and applied to the direct N-methylation of various amines with excellent selectivity. The various characterizations and experimental results showed that Cu0 was the active site, and 5%Cu-ZnO(3.75%)/TiO2 exhibited the largest surface Cu0 amount, thereby contributing to superior catalytic performance. The reaction mechanism of the direct N-methylation reaction of N-methylaniline with CO2 and H2 was proposed based on spectroscopic studies, kinetic studies, and control experiments. The reaction proceeded with the HCHO and N-methylformanilide intermediates, and the formation of HCHO from H2 and CO2 was the rate-determining step.
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Results in Physics
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Fazal Kabir,Adil Murtaza,Wasif ur Rehman,Awais Ghani,Sen Yang
Diluted magnetic semiconducting nanostructures are attractive materials for spintronics applications. This study focuses on the fabrication of (Gd, Fe) co-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). X-ray diffractogram analysis confirms a monophase hexagonal wurtzite structure, matching JCPDS file number (36–1451). The Scherrer equation and Williamson-Hall plot are used to measure crystal size and strain, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a spherical surface morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirms elemental composition. Transmission electron microscopy shows average diameter of 17–52 nm and fringe spaces of 0.269–0.245 nm. The incorporation of dopant ions leads to a slight reduction in the bandgap. The Fe3+ and Gd3+ oxidation states of the dopant elements are confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Functional groups are identified via Fourier transform spectroscopy, and structural defects are identified by photoluminescence analysis. Pristine ZnO NPs exhibit diamagnetic behavior, while the doped samples demonstrate ferromagnetic properties. The observed ferromagnetism in the doped NPs is attributed to bound magnetic polaron interactions. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy detects unpaired electrons in samples, with g factor values of approximately 2. The co-doping of Gd and Fe presents a promising approach for achieving ferromagnetism in ZnO systems, offering significant potential for advancement in spintronics technology.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Saibei Zhang,Xiaohan Qu,Hui Lv,Jingbo Mao,Jinxia Zhou
Cu-based catalysts featured with high activity at low temperatures and suppressed CO generation are expected to attract significant attention in the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction for on-board hydrogen production for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we demonstrate that Ag incorporation into a CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst leads to enhanced hydrogen production activity and suppressed CO selectivity in MSR reactions at low temperatures (200–220 °C). The characterization results revealed that incorporation of a small amount of Ag in the catalyst not only improves the dispersion of the polymetallic components and diversifies the Cu species, but also lowers Cu reduction temperature and brings more oxygen vacancies , thereby leading to improved catalytic performance. The preparation conditions, structure-activity relationship, and stability of the Ag-promoted catalyst were investigated in detail based on time-on-steam tests and characterizations. This finding paves a new possible way for the optimization of the Cu-based catalysts for MSR.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Juanjuan Yang,Dandan Shao
CO2 to methanol is considered a promising method for CO2 conversion and utilization, yet achieving desirable selectivity remains a significant challenge. Herein, efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is achieved by synthesizing Co0.7ZnO with abundant oxygen vacancies (Ov) through the incorporation of a portion of Co into nanoscale ZnO. By tuning the molar ratio of Co/(Co+Zn) in CoxZnO to increase the Ov content to 71%, CO2 adsorption and activation to form formate (COOH*) are enhanced, thereby reducing the CO selectivity. The efficiency of the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol was optimized with Co0.7ZnO, which exhibited an impressive methanol formation rate of 2.1 mmol/(g h) and a selectivity of up to 96.7%. The unique structure of incorporating partial Co into nanoscale ZnO to increase the level of Ov not only reduces the level of CO selectivity but also inhibits methane formation, thereby contributing to the high methanol selectivity. This study presents an innovative strategic design through partial doping, which is essential for controlling the selectivity of target products in the CO2 hydrogenation.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Weiwei Li,Wenying Zhou,Na Lin,Mengting Liu,Jing Liu,Ying Wang,Bo Wang,Dengfeng Liu,Mengxue Yuan
High dielectric permittivity ( ε ) but low loss polymeric composites have presented wide applications. To elevate the overall dielectric performances in raw zinc oxide (ZnO)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the prepared aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) encapsulated ZnO core-shell particles were incorporated into the polypropylene (PP) modified PVDF blend to generate high ε and breakdown strength ( E b ) but low loss nanocomposites. The Al 2 O 3 shell’ impacts on the dielectric performances of the ZnO/PVDF-PP were investigated. The results indicate that the insulating Al 2 O 3 shell induces concurrent interparticle polarization and intraparticle polarization leading to evidently enhanced ε , and effectively restrains the leakage current resulting in simultaneously suppressed loss and elevated E b in the nanocomposites. Further, the introduced alumina shell can induce traps and capture charge carrier thus resulting in enhanced E b . Through facilitating the intra-particle polarization and repressing the charge migration, the 50 wt% ZnO@Al 2 O 3 /PP-PVDF present a much higher ε (16) and E b (11 kV/mm) but lower dielectric loss (0.08), respectively, far exceeding 9.6, 9 kV/mm and 0.18 at 100 Hz for the unmodified ZnO nanocomposites. Further, the dielectric parameters of the nanocomposites can be effectively tuned via tailoring the Al 2 O 3 shell thickness. The fitting via the Havriliak-Negami equation theoretically interpret the experimental results and uncover the underlying multiple polarization mechanisms. This work provides deep insight into the design and development of flexible polymeric nanodielectrics with eminent integrated dielectric properties for appealing applications in electronic device and power system.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Yu Cheng,Quanbo Yu,Weihua Zhang,Zhiqiang Liu,Jue Ding,Hongzhe Pan,Yiping Li,Dan Wu,Minghua Zhu,Xianchuan Xie,Ningyuan Zhu
Multispecies biofilm exhibited high resistance to nanotoxicity by secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and undergoing alterations in the community composition. Scarce information was available to assess how these changes could further influence the transfer of nanoparticles (NPs) through the biofilm-based food chain. Photic biofilm was exposed to two distinct NPs (ZnO and TiO 2 ) and subsequently grazed by snails. Exposure to different NPs led to variations in biomass, chlorophyll content, EPS productivity, alpha diversity, and community composition of the photic biofilm. The presence of ZnO NPs facilitated the growth of phylum Cyanobacteria while TiO 2 promoted EPS productivity of photic biofilm. EPS were capable of embedding NPs (TiO 2 and ZnO) within its matrix, thereby mitigating their aggregation within the biofilm matrix. These alterations were subsequently confirmed to have an impact on the trophic transfer factors (TTF) of NPs through the constructed biofilm-snail food chain. The TTF of ZnO was lower than that of TiO 2 in feeding scenario 1 (only fed on TiO 2 or ZnO biofilm) but higher than that of TiO 2 in feeding scenario 2 (fed on TiO 2 and ZnO biofilm simultaneously), which was attributed to the shifts in the algae composition and a smaller size of ZnO NPs in EPS. This study demonstrated that the response of photic biofilm to NPs further affected the TTFs of NPs through the food chain.
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PubMed
高影响因子
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