CARBON
·
2019
·
IF 7.466
Lei Xie,Zhe Wang,Jinrong Liu,Yutong Gong,Shanjun Mao,Guofeng Lü,Xiao Ma,Lili Yu,Yong Wang
The easy hydrothermal method is a potential candidate for the preparation of carbohydrate-derived hierarchically porous polymers (HPPs) and carbons (HPCs). However, owing to the uncontrolled reaction rate and the weak affinity between precursors and soft templates, the synthesis of HPPs and HPCs with tunable properties through this method remains a great challenge. Here we develop a kinetics-controlled soft-template strategy to enable the preparation of a series of HPPs and HPCs with variable porous and morphological structures from diverse building blocks. By simply controlling the reaction kinetics with the change of acid concentration, flower-like and layered materials assembled from ordered mesoporous plates, and materials with adjustable mesopores and macropores aggregated from nanoparticles with different sizes, could be generated. Moreover, Pt nanoparticles were in situ encapsulated inside HPPs. With the advantages of both Pt nanoparticles and HPCs, the as made Pt@HPCs catalyst realized the size-selective hydrogenation of various alkenes .
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高影响因子
AGRONOMY JOURNAL
·
2019
·Vol. 111
·期 5
·2341-2349
·
IF 1.805
Jing Li,Yin Min Htwe,Yong Wang,Yaodong Yang,Yi Wu,Dongxia Li,Abdul Kareem,Rencai Wang
Haustorium absorbs energy from the endosperms (liquid and solid) and plays a key role in nutrient mobilization during coconut germination and seedling growth. This study was conducted to shed light on possible interactions between haustorium and endosperms during this process. Germination rates and morphological changes of coconut cultivars Hainan Tall (HT) and Red Dwarf (RD), as well as the profiles of sugars and fatty acids in endosperms and haustorium were also analyzed. Results showed that liquid and solid endosperm inside the coconut exhausts successively, while haustorium occupies the nut gradually. Haustorium had significant positive correlation with seedling, while it had significant negative correlation with liquid and solid endosperms. Sugars in liquid endosperm continuously decreased, whereas in solid endosperm and haustorium accumulated at early stages and decreased later along with the aggressive seedling growth. Fatty acids in solid endosperm shared a very similar trend with sugars. In conclusion, haustorium development and seedling growth mainly depend on the nutrients stored in the liquid endosperm at early stages and then depend on the solid endosperm, in which fatty acids degrade rapidly to sugar so as to provide enough energy. These findings could be applicable in coconut germination and seedling propagation. Core Ideas Relative cool season (25–29°C) is more suitable for coconut germination and local variety (HT) is more adaptable. Development mainly depends on stored nutrients in liquid endosperm at early stages and then on solid endosperm. Fatty acids in solid endosperm degrade rapidly to sugars since liquid endosperm almost exhausted. Conversion of fatty acids to sugars helps provide enough energy for rapidly growing haustorium and seedling.
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ENERGY & FUELS
·
2019
·
IF 3.021
Ning Shi,Qiying Liu,Xiong He,Gui Wang,Ni Chen,Jiayu Peng,Longlong Ma
Hydrochars are solid byproducts formed during the liquid-phase biorefinery process and could be used to generate functional carbonaceous materials, but the detailed molecular structure and the formation mechanism are still unclear. Herein, the formation of hydrochars from liquid-phase carbonization of biomass-derived compounds including glucose, fructose, xylose, ribose, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural (FF), and pyruvaldehyde (PRV) in water and inert polar organic solvents ethyl acetate (EAC) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was studied. The carbohydrates were found to generate hydrochars in both water and the organic solvents, while the HMF and FF could generate hydrochars only in water. The α-carbonyl aldehydes, including PRV, 3-deoxyglucosone, and 2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal (DHH), formed during the decomposition of carbohydrates were proposed to be the key primary precursors for hydrochar formation. The molecular structures of the hydrochars were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared analysis, and solid-state 13C NMR analysis to confirm that the molecular formula of the hydrochars all could be approximately expressed as (C3H2O)n, and the molecular structures of the hydrochars all consisted of polyaromatic hydrocarbon, phenolic, furanic, and aliphatic framents and a small amount of carbonyl/carboxyl groups. The presence of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon and phenolic fragments in the hydrochars suggested that aldol condensation played a critical role for hydrochar formation. By regarding the aldol condensation of α-carbonyl aldehydes as the initial step for hydrochar formation, we deduced the polymerization routes of these α-carbonyl aldehydes and found that the α-carbonyl aldehydes all could undergo aldol condensation followed by acetal cyclization and etherification to form polymers (C3H2O)n rich in furanic framework or undergo aldol condensation followed by a 1,2-hydride shift, intramolecular aldol condensation, and dehydration to generate polymers (C3H2O)n rich in the phenolic framework. One molecular structure containing polyaromatic hydrocarbon, phenolic, furanic, and aliphatic fragments is proposed for the hydrochars.
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高影响因子
RSC Advances
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 52
·30144-30153
·
IF 3.049
Yu Han,Huili Hao,Lihong Yang,Guolian Chen,Yucong Wen,Riming Huang
Sardinella zunasi Bleeker, an edible and medicinal marine fish, is largely distributed in tropical oceans. However, the chemical composition and nutritional properties of this species have not yet been investigated. In the present study, proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, taurine, and minerals of S. zunasi Bleeker were characterized, and the immunostimulatory properties of its glycoprotein were evaluated. The results indicated the presence of crude protein (19.66%), crude lipid (6.29%) and carbohydrate (0.74%) in S. zunasi Bleeker; monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of S. zunasi Bleeker were 25.00% and 31.01%, respectively; S. zunasi Bleeker was rich in taurine (219 mg/100 g) and essential amino acids (5.57 g/100 g). In addition, the glycoprotein of S. zunasi consisted of protein and sugars, with a total content of 34.25% and 16.27%, respectively. The glycoprotein showed significant effects on promoting NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Thus, these findings provide a scientific basis for the further utilization of glycoprotein from S. zunasi Bleeker.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Biotechnology for Biofuels
·
2020
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 4.815
Hua Xia,Zhou Xin,Du GenLai,Xu Yong
Background The critical issue in the competitiveness between bioengineering and chemical engineering is the products titer and the volume productivity. The most direct and effective approach usually employs high-density biocatalyst, while the weakened mass transfer and evoked foam problem accompany ultrahigh-density biocatalyst loading and substrate/product titer. In high-density obligate aerobic bioconversion, oxygen as electron acceptor is a speed-limiting step in bioprocesses, but sufficient oxygen supply will lead to the foaming which results in a significant reduction in oxygen utilization and the use of additional defoamers. In this study, we designed a novel sealed-oxygen supply (SOS) biotechnology to resolve the formidable barrier of oxygen transferring rate (OTR), for bio-based fuels and chemical production process.Results Based on systemic analysis of whole-cell catalysis in Gluconobacter oxydans, a novel sealed-oxygen supply technology was smartly designed and experimentally performed for biocatalytic oxidation of alcohols, sugars and so on. By a simple operation skill of automatic online supply of oxygen in a sealed stirring tank bioreactor of SOS, OTR barrier and foaming problem was resolved with great ease. We finally obtained ultrahigh-titer products of xylonic acid (XA), 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA), and erythrulose at 588.4 g/L, 69.4 g/L, and 364.7 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the volume productivity of three chemical products was improved by 150–250% compared with normal biotechnology. This SOS technology provides a promising approach to promote bioengineering competitiveness and advantages over chemical engineering.Conclusion SOS technology was demonstrated as an economic and universally applicable approach to bio-based fuels and chemicals production by whole-cell catalysis. The novel technology greatly promotes the competitiveness of bioengineering for chemical engineering, and provides a promising platform for the green and environmental use of biofuels.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Biotechnology for Biofuels
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 5.452
Zhang Yanjuan,Huang Min,Su Jianmei,Hu Huayu,Yang Mei,Huang Zuqiang,Chen Dong,Wu Juan,Feng Zhenfei
Background Due to biomass recalcitrance, including complexity of lignocellulosic matrix, crystallinity of cellulose, and inhibition of lignin, the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass is difficult and inefficient. The aim of this study is to investigate an effective and green pretreatment method for overcoming biomass recalcitrance of lignocellulose.Results An effective mechanical activation (MA) + metal salt (MAMS) technology was applied to pretreat sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a typical kind of lignocellulosic biomass, in a stirring ball mill. Chlorides and nitrates of Al and Fe showed better synergistic effect with MA, especially AlCl3, ascribing to the interaction between metal salt and oxygen-containing groups induced by MA. Comparative studies showed that MAMS pretreatment effectively changed the recalcitrant structural characteristics of lignocellulosic matrix and reduced the inhibitory action of lignin on enzymatic conversion of SCB. The increase in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of lignin induced by MAMS pretreatment led to the increase of its hydrophilicity, which could weaken the binding force between cellulase and lignin and reduce the nonproductive binding of cellulase enzymes to lignin.Conclusion sMAMS pretreatment significantly enhanced the enzymatic digestibility of polysaccharides substrate by overcoming biomass recalcitrance without the removal of lignin from enzymatic hydrolysis system.
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2019
·
IF 4.784
Yang Cheng,Luthuli Sibusiso,Lingfeng Hou,Huijing Jiang,Peichao Chen,Xu Zhang,Mingjiang Wu,Haibin Tong
Diabetes is a complicated endocrine and metabolic disorder, which has become an epidemic health issue worldwide. Fucoidan is extensively distributed in the brown algae and several marine invertebrates exhibiting diverse biological activities. In the present study, the physicochemical property of Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan (SFF) and its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and gut microbiota were investigated. Diabetes mice not only showed abnormal blood glucose, but also accompanied by multiple symptoms, such as gradual emaciation, decreased body weight, increased food and water intake. Compared with diabetic mice after 6-week treatment, administration of SFF significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, diet and water intake. Furthermore, SFF attenuated the pathological change in the heart and liver, improved the liver function, and suppressed oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Simultaneously, SFF significantly altered the gut microbiota in the faeces of diabetic mice, decreased the relative abundances of the diabetes-related intestinal bacteria, which is a potential mechanism for relieving the symptoms of diabetes. Therefore, SFF might be considered as one of the promising complementary and alternative medicines for the management of diabetes mellitus in future.
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PubMed
高影响因子
SENSORS
·
2019
·Vol. 19
·期 3
·674
·
IF 3.031
Hong Zhai,Yunfeng Bai,Jun Qin,Feng Feng
A novel colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence sensor was constructed by using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and o-diaminobenzene (ODB). Unlike ODB by itself, ODB oxide (oxODB) not only emits fluorescence, but also produces ultraviolet (UV) absorption. Therefore, on the basis of the potential optical properties of ODB, glucose oxidase (Gox) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were introduced into a CQDs–ODB system for the quantitative oxidation of ODB. When glucose is present, it is oxidized by oxygen under the catalytic action of its oxidase to form hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant that can rapidly oxidize ODB through the catalysis of horseradish peroxidase. oxODB can cause changes in the fluorescence ratio (I550/I446) and absorbance ratio (A/A0). At the same time, the color of the detection solution can also change under sunlight and ultraviolet lamps. Therefore, glucose can be quantitatively detected by ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetry simultaneously, and semi-quantitatively detected by observing the colors with sunlight and ultraviolet lamps of 365 nm. This increases not only the convenience but also the accuracy of detection. In addition, this sensor has good selectivity and can be used for the determination of glucose in serum, providing a new idea for the development of blood glucose sensors.Keywords:dual-mode sensor;carbon quantum dots;o-diaminobenzene;glucose
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PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Research Express
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 6
·065405
·
IF 1.449
Qinghong You,Miaomiao Wan,Xiaoxu Fang,Xiulian Yin,Chuping Luo,Xuejuan Zhang
The process of intermittent microwave extraction (IME) pectin from pomelo peels assisted with EDTA was optimized by response surface methodology. Results showed that the optimal process for intermittent microwave extraction of pectin was as follows: 0.25% EDTA, pH 1.0, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:25 g ml−1, extraction time 125 s, microwave power 550 W, the extraction yield of pomelo peels was (38.48 ± 0.28)%. The structure of three kinds of pectin was verified by IR, SEM, XRD, HPLC and the results showed that pectin obtained from IME had a poor solubility but a good emulsifying activity. The IUEP had the highest scavenging rates of DPPH radicals.
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高影响因子
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
·
2019
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·277-287
·
IF 2.326
Shi Ning,Liu Qiying,Cen Hu,Ju Rongmei,He Xiong,Ma Longlong
Humins are undesired solids formed during the hydrothermal degradation of carbohydrates. In order to reveal the mechanism of formation of humins, we studied the degradation behavior of 11 model compounds including carbohydrates and furfural derivatives, within water and various pure organic solvents as reaction media. All the studied carbohydrates could generate solid humins in both water and studied organic solvents except ethanol, while the furfural derivatives could generate solid humins in only water. The results could be explained by regarding the formed α-carbonyl aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes as primary precursors for formation of humins. Furfural derivatives could generate chain α-carbonyl aldehydes (for example, 6-hydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanal from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2-oxopentanedial from furfural) through hydrolytic ring opening reaction; thus, water is essential for these furfural derivatives to generate humins. As for carbohydrates, they could generate α-carbonyl aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes through simple step of β-elimination in all solvents; thus, they could form humins in both water and studied organic solvents except ethanol. Ethanol could react with α-carbonyl aldehydes by acetalization; thus, the condensation between α-carbonyl aldehydes was suppressed in ethanol, leading to few humins formation from carbohydrates. Based on the above analysis, we proposed that the formed α-carbonyl aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes should be the primary precursor of humins.
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高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 8
·648
·
IF 3.444
Xiao-Qing Gong,Chuan-Wan Wei,Jia-Kun Xu,Xiao-Juan Wang,Shu-Qin Gao,Ying-Wu Lin
The encapsulated enzyme system by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibits great potential in biofuel cells, pharmaceuticals, and biocatalysis. However, the catalytic efficiency and the enzymatic activity are severely hampered due to enzyme leaching and deficiency of storage stability. In this study, we immobilized cytochromec(Cytc) into dimethylimidazole-copper (Cu(Im)2) by biomimetic mineralization, and constructed a bioinorganic hybrid material, termed Cytc@Cu(Im)2. Encapsulated Cytcin Cu(Im)2with a nanosheet structure exhibited significantly improved catalytic efficiency, enzymatic activity and kinetic performance. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for Cytc@Cu(Im)2was ~20-fold higher compared to that of free Cytc. Moreover, the increased activity was not affected by long-term storage. Based on this system, we further constructed a multi-enzyme composite with glucose-oxidase (GOx), termed GOx-Cytc@Cu(Im)2, which exhibited greatly improved enzymatic activity, stability, and excellent selectivity for the detection of low concentrations of glucose. This strategy may provide new insights into the design of enzymes with high activity and stability, as well as the construction of multi-enzyme systems.Keywords:enzymatic immobilization;biomimetic mineralization;multi-enzyme;bioinorganic hybrid material;biosensors
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高影响因子
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 10.159
Jinrong Liu,Lei Xie,Jiang Deng,Yutong Gong,Guping Tang,Hongzhen Bai,Yong Wang
Here, hydrothermal biomass-derived nanospheres were designed to enhance cellular delivery in biomedicine and to overcome the difficulties in the synthesis of small mesoporous hydrothermal carbonaceous nanospheres (SMHNs) below 100 nm in size. A facile kinetics-controlled soft-template strategy was developed to construct annular SMHN with precisely tunable sizes of 30–80 nm, ordered channels, and abundant functional glycosylation groups using monosaccharides as the carbon source. SMHN exhibited a high loading capacity of 503 mg g–1 for doxorubicin due to the mesoporous structure and rich functional glycosylation groups. Moreover, SMHN displayed low cytotoxicity and few hemolytic effects and biological interactions, showing efficient internalization performance. Cells treated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-loaded SMHN had high mean fluorescence intensity within 75 min, which is significantly higher than that of the carbon counterparts. It is believed that the biological interactions of SMHNs are attributed to the reserved functional glycosylation groups that can activate glucose transporters and mediate endocytosis across the cytomembrane. The approach used to construct SMHN provides great opportunities for the generation of small mesoporous carbonaceous particles with rough annular structures. Moreover, the bottom-up construction strategy provides new understanding of the rational design and synthesis of biomass-derived vectors for efficient drug delivery.
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