Toxics
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2023
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·829
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IF 4.6
Xueqiang Zhu,Hanghang Ji,Gang Hua,Lai Zhou
Sustained-release materials are increasingly being used in the delivery of oxidants for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation. Successful implementation of sustained-release materials depends on a clear understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of sustained release. In this research, a columnar sustained-release material (PS@PW) was prepared with paraffin wax and sodium persulfate (PS), and column experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of the PS@PW diameter and PS/PW mass ratio on PS release. The results demonstrated that a reduction in diameter led to an increase in both the rate and proportion of PS release, as well as a diminished lifespan of release. The release process followed the second-order kinetics, and the release rate constant was positively correlated with the PS@PW diameter. A matrix boundary diffusion model was utilized to determine the PS@PW diffusion coefficient of the PS release process, and the release lifespan of a material with a length of 500 mm and a diameter of 80 mm was predicted to be more than 280 days. In general, this research provided a better understanding of the release characteristics and kinetics of persulfate from a sustained-release system and could lead to the development of columnar PS@PW as a practical oxidant for in situ chemical oxidation of contaminated aquifers.Keywords:persulfate;sustained release;model fitting;soil and groundwater remediation;in situ chemical oxidation
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高影响因子
Matter
·
2023
·
IF 18.9
Xiaoxiang Li,Yizhe Liu,Yangzhe Xu,Ting Hu,Benwei Fu,Chengyi Song,Wen Shang,Peng Tao,Tao Deng
Storing solar-/electro-thermal energy within organic or inorganic phase-change materials (PCMs) is an attractive way to provide stable renewable heating. Herein, we report a facile dynamic charging strategy for rapid harvesting of solar-/electro-thermal energy within PCMs while retaining ∼100% latent heat storage capacity. A bioinspired multifunctional Fe-Cr-Al mesh with high solar absorptance (∼94%), high electrical conductivity (6,622 S/cm), strong corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability was used as the movable solar-/electro-thermal charger, which can dynamically track the receding solid/liquid interface. Such dynamic charging has demonstrated rapid thermal response (<1 min) and steady fast-charging rates (≥1.1 mm/min), can be driven by low voltage (≤1 V) and low-flux solar illumination (≤500 mW/cm 2 ), and has achieved a high phase-change solar-thermal (∼90.1%) and electro-thermal (∼86.1%) storage efficiency. The dynamic charging approach is a promising route to efficiently harvest renewable thermal energy from intermittent solar and wind power.
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Journal of Energy Storage
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2023
·
IF 9.4
Chengzhi Hu,Yanhui Jiang,Sizhou Chen,Lu Wang,Hongyang Li,Yubai Li,Dawei Tang
In this study, copper foam reinforced polymer-based composite phase change materials (CPCM) were prepared to solve the problems of low thermal conductivity , melting leakage, and poor mechanical strength in the realistic application of phase change materials. The CPCM consists of paraffin (PA) and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS). Stability and mechanical tests were conducted and it was found that CPCM-90 (with a mass fraction of PA at 90 %) exhibited excellent leakage protection ability, shape stability, and bending resistance. The enthalpy of CPCM-90 is up to 168.11 J/g. After filling CPCM into copper foam (CF) with 98 % porosity, the thermal conductivity of the CF/CPCM-90 is improved up to 0.943 W/m·K, nearly 3 times higher than the thermal conductivity of CPCM-90. In addition, the reinforcement of copper foam allows CF/CPCM-90 before and after the phase transformation to withstand mechanical stress of 2 MPa and 0.7 MPa respectively with only 1 % strain. The CF/CPCM-90 also maintained its structural integrity during phase transformation, distinguishing it from CPCM, which commonly experiences cracking and deformation. Furthermore, CF/CPCM-90 maintains battery temperatures below 60 °C for 70 min at 7 W of heat generation and 34 min even at 13 W. Notably, at all heating powers, the duration below 60 °C of the CF/CPCM group is 3 times longer than in the copper foam group and 4 times longer than in the control group (no CF/CPCM-90 or CF). The CF/CPCM-90 shows very effective temperature control for LIBs and has great potential for realistic application regarding battery thermal management . Moreover, this paper provides ideas for further engineering applications of phase change materials in terms of synergistic enhancement of thermal conductivity, leakage prevention, and mechanical properties.
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BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
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2023
·
IF 7.5
Zhihong Deng,Lifeng Zhao,Xiuxue Li,Chang-Yun Wang,Yue Zhou,Mengfei Li,Yingfei Li,Xianjun Fu
Appropriate topical dressings for burn treatments are important to accelerate skin wound recovery and prevent external infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and investigate the mechanism of folium crataegi ( Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. ) for the treatment of burn wounds, as well as to compare the therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts ( HLW ) and alcoholic extracts ( HLE ) from folium crataegi . The results demonstrated that both HLW and HLE groups exhibited a higher wound contraction rate than the silver sulfadiazine ( SSD ) ointment group. Moreover, HLW showed more significant wound repair effects than HLE . HLW significantly increased levels of EGF and FGF-2 in wound tissue, as well as TGF-β1 , VEGF , CAT and IL-10 in serum. Folium crataegi extract, especially aqueous extracts, exerted good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effects by upregulating the expression of lag3 , txn1 and slpi , respectively. Folium crataegi extract significantly inhibits the expression of npas2 , a key gene in the circadian rhythm pathway. In conclusion, this research illustrated that the folium crataegi extract, especially aqueous extracts, had better therapeutic effects on skin burns through multiple ways, possibly including a novel mechanism related to circadian rhythm pathway. These findings suggest that folium crataegi could be a valuable source of compounds for enhancing skin regeneration through multiple ways.
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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
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2021
·
IF 5.295
Jinliang Zhao,Ying Zhao,Jinliang An,Chengchao Yuan,Yang Zhao,Yong Xiang,Jinglei Yang
Electrically insulating phase change composite materials (PCCMs) with lightweight, good thermal management performance, high stability and high mechanical strength are strongly desired for lithium-ion battery (LIB) thermal management. This research study presents a group of PCCMs based on the integration of reduced graphene-oxide aerogel beads (rGOAB), phase change materials (PCMs) and thermally conductive silicone rubbers (SRs). To demonstrate the thermal management performance, a 3 × 3 square 18650 LIB module was inserted into a SR pack. The temperature reduction (temperature reduction of the battery cells at the hottest point in the SR pack compared with in air) reached 8.6 °C, 13.0 °C and 14.7 °C at 1C, 2C and 3C discharge rate, respectively, at a concentration of 20 wt% PCM beads in SR with thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/mK. The specific energy reduction of above-mentioned pack is only 15.8%, substantially lower than the commercial level (above 30% to 40%). The lowest specific energy reduction in SR pack with thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/mK goes down to 13.4%, indicating its remarkable lightweight and high energy density features. The effects of PCM-encapsulant type, SR matrix thermal conductivity and bead size on LIB temperature reduction were also discussed. The heat transfer mechanism between the matrixes and rGOAB/PCM was thoroughly explained. Mechanical properties and battery thermal management performance of the composites were systematically examined. The rGOAB/PCM@SR composites exhibited more than 10 times of impact strength compared with expanded graphite-based PCCMs and higher compressive toughness above the phase transition point.
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MATERIALS LETTERS
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2021
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IF 3.423
Siyin Qin,Huabing Li,Chengzhi Hu
Microencapsulated phase-change materials (MEPCMs) possess promising application in storing energy and protecting environment of biomaterials. However, the MEPCMs have the difficulty of low encapsulation efficiency and irregular shape. In this study, biodegradable chitosan/gelatin co-emulsifier as composite shell was used to encapsulate n -tetradecanol through oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) method, and then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GTA). The results reveal that the latent heat and encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules reach 146.88 J g −1 and 70.94%, respectively. Besides, the prepared microcapsules exhibit great thermal stability and thermal cycling reliability during the phase change process.
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Defence Technology
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2021
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IF 3.172
En-fa Fu,Na Sun,Zheng-gang Xiao
A kind of phase change material (PCM)-based nanocomposite was prepared and added into high energy propellants containing RDX as additives to investigate its effect on thermal decomposition and burning characteristic of high energy propellants. The effect of PCM-based nanocomposites on thermal decomposition of high energy propellants is investigated by TG/DSC-FTIR-MS technology. Due to the delayed protection effect (PCM-based nanocomposites can absorb lots of heat at the range of certain temperature when it undergoes structure change or phase transitions) of PCM-based nanocomposites under the thermal decomposition condition, the thermal stability of high energy propellants modified with PCM-based nanocomposites is improved. At the same time, the concentration of N 2 , NO 2 , H 2 O and CO 2 is increased during thermal decomposition of high energy propellants whereas NO and CO is decreased. The burning gaseous products and burning characteristic of high energy propellants are studied by the combination of closed bomb test and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The main burning gaseous products are N 2 , CO 2 , CO, H 2 O, CH 4 , etc. After the high energy propellant modified with PCM-based nanocomposites, the concentration of CH 4 is increased while CO, CO 2 and H 2 O is decreased under the high-pressure burning condition. The progressivity factor of high energy propellants is increased by 22.2% compared with the control sample while the maximum pressure is merely decreased 1.25% after the addition of the PCM-based nanocomposite, thus PCM-based nanocomposites can be used to adjust the burning process and improve the burning progressivity of high energy propellants. This study is expected to boost the practical application of PCM-based nanocomposite to the propellant formulation and effectively control the burning characteristic of high energy propellants.
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Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments
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2021
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IF 1.355
Qixiao Jiang,Xiaohui Xu,Jamie C. DeWitt,Yuxin Zheng
Chicken embryos are a classical model in developmental studies. During the development of chicken embryos, the time window of heart development is well-defined, and it is relatively easy to achieve precise and timely exposure via multiple methods. Moreover, the process of heart development in chicken embryos is similar to mammals, also resulting in a four-chambered heart, making it a valuable alternative model in the assessment of developmental cardiotoxicities. In our lab, the chicken embryo model is routinely used in the assessment of developmental cardiotoxicities following exposure to various environmental pollutants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particulate matter (PMs), diesel exhaust (DE) and nano materials. The exposure time can be freely selected based on the need, from the beginning of development (embryonic day 0, ED0) all the way to the day prior to hatch. The major exposure methods include air-cell injection, direct microinjection, and air-cell inhalation (originally developed in our lab), and the currently available endpoints include cardiac function (electrocardiography), morphology (histological assessments) and molecular biological assessments (immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, western blotting, etc.). Of course, the chicken embryo model has its own limitations, such as limited availability of antibodies. Nevertheless, with more laboratories starting to utilize this model, it can be used to make significant contributions to the study of developmental cardiotoxicities.
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高影响因子
Biomaterials Science
·
2021
·Vol. 9
·期 7
·2553-2561
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IF 6.843
Peiqi Yuan,Yilun Luo,Yu Luo,Lie Ma
Considering the key roles of macrophages in tissue repair and immune therapy, designing smart biomaterials able to harness macrophage phenotypes on demand during the healing process has become a promising strategy. Here, a novel “sandwich” cell culture platform with near-infrared (NIR) responsive dynamic stiffness was fabricated to polarize bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in situ for revealing the relationship between the macrophage phenotype and substrate stiffness dynamically. Under NIR irradiation, calcium ions (Ca2+) diffused through the middle layer of the IR780-mixed phase change material (PCM) due to the photothermal effect of IR780, resulting in an increase of hydrogel stiffness in situ by the crosslinking of the upper layer of the hyaluronic acid-sodium alginate hydrogel (MA-HA&SA). The up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was quantified by immunostaining and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively, indicating the transformation of macrophages from the anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory phenotype under dynamic stiffness. The nuclear Yes-associated-protein (YAP) ratio positively correlated with the shift of the macrophage phenotype. The modulation of macrophage phenotypes by stiffness-rise without the stimuli of cytokines offers an effective and noninvasive strategy to manipulate immune reactions to achieve optimized healing or therapeutic outcomes.
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COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2021
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IF 9.078
Zixuan Niu,Shengyang Qi,Suhaib Shuaib Adam Shuaib,Weizhong Yuan
Smart textiles have emerged as potential part for wearable devices and protective systems. Integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into stimuli-responsive fibers offers exciting opportunities for smart clothing to realize instant energy conversion/storage and temperature regulation. However, the production of flexible and efficient smart energy storage fiber is still challenging. Here, flexible electro-/photo-driven energy storage polymer fiber with outstanding hydrophobicity and self-cleaning property is fabricated. The smart fiber is prepared by integrating conductive silver nanoflowers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as well as hydrophobic fluorocarbon resin with a facile and novel wet-spun phase change fiber to gain high flexibility, excellent electrical conductivity , high enthalpy, tunable phase change temperature , extra shape stability and outstanding hydrophobicity. The highest elongation of the smart fiber is more than 500% and the enthalpies of the fibers varies from 98.6 to 124.5 J g −1 according to the adjustable content of phase change materials. The coordination of Ag nanoflowers and PEDOT:PSS enable the fiber outstanding electrical conductivity of 190 S/m 2 . The high electrical conductivity, excellent photo capture and good heat dissipation enable the fiber high electro-/photo-heat conversion efficiency (70.1% and 89.0%, respectively). The smart energy storage fiber with integrative properties could be woven into fabrics, providing a new option for smart textiles in wearable and protective systems.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2021
·
IF 5.909
Jie Ma,Yao Ma,Xun Rong,Quanwei Song,Baichun Wu,Xingying Lan,Yuan Feng,Xiaoyuan Qiu,Ping Zhang
Groundwater contamination by organic pollutants is a growing threat to the environment and human health. As a cost-effective method, in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) treatment has become a popular technical method to degrade groundwater pollutants. However, conventional ISCO treatment can suffer from a number of operational issues, such as tailing and concentration rebound, and thus the long-term treatment effectiveness is less desirable. As an alternative approach to the conventional ISCO method, controlled release materials are designated to gradually release oxidant chemicals to treat polluted groundwater with an extended chemical release duration and a reduced peak release rate. In this study, novel persulfate-paraffin based controlled release bead (CRB) materials were prepared and tested in a laboratory setting for their applicability in groundwater organic pollution remediation. It shows that bead size and temperature can substantially affect the release kinetics of persulfate from the CRBs, while the impact of solution pH and the presence of matrix anions are insignificant. Moreover, degradation experiments of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene , and xylene pollutants show that the performance of CRBs, particularly within a short period after being delivered in situ, is on par with the conventional ISCO method using aqueous persulfate. This study expands our understanding and capacity in adopting controlled release materials for groundwater remediation . This study promotes the potential field application of such novel controlled release materials for environmental remediation of groundwater.
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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2021
·
IF 6.141
Wei Du,Quantao Liu,Runsheng Lin,Jianying Yu
Internal microcracks that occur in cement-based materials during the service process could be self-repaired using microcapsules. However, the chemical activity of the repairing agent is affected by the external environment. In this paper, the self-repairing ability of mortar containing paraffin/toluene-di-isocyanate (TDI) microcapsules was studied under different external environment (humidity and temperature). The pore size distribution , mechanical properties , impermeability and surface crack width of the control mortar (CM) and mortar containing microcapsules (MM) were measured and compared. The reaction kinetics of TDI during the self-repairing process of MM was investigated using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. The self-repairing ability of MM was enhanced when increasing RH (relative humidity) from 50% to 95% at 20 ℃. When MM was kept under 60%f c0 pre-load and allowed 7 d for self-repairing at a relative humidity of 95%, the proportion of harmful pores, compressive strength reserved ratio and chloride diffusion coefficient recovery ratio were 28.1%, 80.9% and 68.1%, respectively, and cracks with an initial width of 0.4–0.5 mm self-repaired within 6 h. With the increasing of temperatures, the self-repairing ability increased at first but then declined. When the temperature was 50 ℃ at 50% RH, the proportion of harmful pores, compressive strength reserved ratio and chloride diffusion coefficient recovery ratio of MM under 60%f c0 pre-load for 7 d of self-repairing were 25.8%, 83.5% and 72.1%, respectively, and cracks with an initial width of 0.4–0.5 mm self-repaired within 5 h. Under different external environment and pre-loads, the curing reaction of TDI during the self-repairing process of MM was a pseudo-second-order kinetics model, which indicated that the humidity and temperature had a significant impact on the self-repairing ability of the mortar.
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